Английский язык. Презентация PRESENT TENSES (intermediate/upperintermediate level)

PRESENT FORMSREVISIONПреподаватель: Москвитина Наталия Владимировнаstepbystepsmol@mail.ru There are four present tense forms in English:Present simple: I workPresent continuous: I am workingPresent perfect: I have workedPresent perfect continuous: I have been working statement (+): I/You/They travel… He/She/It travels…negative (-): I/You/They don’t travel… He/She/It doesn’t travel… questions (?): Do I/You/They travel… ? Does He/She/It travel…?! We can also use do/does in present simple statements for emphasis. -You don't pay much attention to them. -I do pay much attention to them. - You don’t like going by bus, do you? -Actually, I do like going by bus for short distances.Present simpleForm Present simpleUse Permanent ( more or less) situations or states: She works in a bank. She has three children. I am married. Routines, habits, things we do regularly (often with adverbs of frequency): At the weekend, we usually go to the market. (routine/ habit) They love coffee. (habit) How often do you study English? (regular action) General truth, laws of nature: The sun rises in the east. People need food. It snows in winter. Timetables, programs (future meaning): School begins at nine tomorrow. What time does the film start? The plane doesn't arrive at seven, it arrives at seven thirty. To talk about what happens in books, plays, or films: The hero dies at the end of the film. A young woman travels through Europe, where she meets different people, and finally falls in love. The main character is very pretty and works in a bookshop. alwaysevery dayall the timeoftenusuallysometimesseldomneverfirst ... thenonce a monthtwice a weakfour times a yearat night/the weekend etc.Present simpleAdverbs of frequency(Signal words) Present simpleInstructions:Read the sentences that use the present simple. Match the reason for using the present simple with the sentences. 1Swallows fly south for the winter.aPermanent situation2I do yoga twice a week.bRoutine4I always read before I go to bed.dHabit5The match finishes at 7:45.eGeneral truth, fact 6Water boils at 100°C.fPermanent state7On Sunday I first clean my room, then do the home task.gLaw of nature8The sky isn't green.hTimetable / program9Johnny Depp acts brilliantly in this film.iTo talk about what happens in books, plays, or films To be (am/is/are) +Ving (V4)statement (+): I am driving… We/You/They are driving… He/She/It is driving…negative (-): I’m not driving… We/You/They aren’t driving… or We’re/You’re/They’re not driving … He/She/It isn’t driving…or He’s/She’s/It’s not driving…questions (?): Am I driving…? Are We/You/They driving…? Is He/She/It driving…? Present continuousForm Present continuousUseActions happening at or around the moment of speaking:I am working at the moment.Julie is sleeping.She is looking for a better jobTemporary situations:She is staying with her friend for a week.John is working in a bar until he finds a job in his field.Changing and developing situations:I am getting better at playing the piano.The weather is improving.Annoying habits (usually with always, forever, constantly):You are always losing your keys!She is constantly missing the train. He is always sleeping in.For something which is new and contrasts with a previous state:These days most people are using email instead of writing letters.What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays? at the momentat this momenttodaynowright nowListen!Look!Present continuousSignal words Present continuousInstructions:Read the sentences that use the present continuous. Match the reason for using the present continuous with the sentences. 1Please call back as we are eating dinner now.aChanging and developing situation2The summers are getting warmer.bAction happening around the moment of speaking3They are staying at the Park Hotel at present.cTemporary situation4I'm reading a really great book.dAnnoying habit 5They're forever being late.eSomething which is new and  contrasts with a previous state6What sort of music are young people listening to these days?fAction happening at the moment of speaking Have/has + past participle (V3)statement (+):  I/We/You/They have played … He/She/It has played …negative (-): I/ We/You/They haven’t played … He/She/It hasn’t played …questions (?): have I/we/you/they  played …? has he/she/it  played …?Present perfect simpleForm Present perfect simpleUseputs emphasis on the result:She has written five letters.action that is still going on:I've liked chocolate since I was a child.action that stopped recently: She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).finished action that has an influence on the present:I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience): I have never been to Australia.They have visited Paris three times.With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”:It’ the second time I’ve been on a plane.Changes which have happened:I’ve lost ten kilos.Puts emphasis on the result: She has written five letters.Action that is still going on: I've liked chocolate since I was a child.Action that stopped recently: She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).Finished action that has an influence on the present: I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).Action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience): I have never been to Australia. They have visited Paris three times.With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”: It’s the second time I’ve been on a plane.Changes which have happened: I’ve lost ten kilos. Present perfect simpleBeen and gone Been We use 'been' (often when we talk about 'life experience') to mean that the person being talked about has visited the place, and come back. Notice the preposition 'to': I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live). She has been to school today (but now she's back at home). They have never been to California. Gone We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present) to mean that the person is at the place now: 'Where's John?' 'He's gone to the shops' (he's at the shops now). Julie has gone to Mexico (now she's in Mexico). They've gone to Japan for three weeks (now they're in Japan). Time expressions which refer to the recent past: Just; recently Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey.  We have just got back from our holidays. Time expressions which include the present: Ever (in questions); so far; until now; up to now; yet (in questions and negatives) Have you ever seen a ghost? Where have you been up to now? Have you finished your homework yet? No, so far I’ve only done my history. With unfinished time words: This month, this week, today ! We do not use the present perfect with finished time words  : I have seen that film yesterday.Present perfect simpleSignal words Present perfect simpleInstructions:Read the sentences that use the present perfect simple. Match the reason for using the present perfect simple with the sentences. 1We have never seen that film.aFinished action that has an influence on the present.2She's lived in London for three years.bLife experience.4The climate has become much warmer recently.cAction that is still going on.5I've already done half of the work.dPuts emphasis on the result.6They've missed the bus (so they will be late).eWith an unfinished time word.7She's drunk three cups of coffee today.fChanges which have happened. Have/has been + Ving (V4)statement (+):  I/We/You/They have been travelling … He/She/It has been travelling …negative (-): I/ We/You/They haven’t  been travelling … He/She/It hasn’t  been travelling …questions (?): have I/we/you/they   been travelling …? has he/she/it   been travelling …?Present perfect continuousForm Present perfect continuousUseputs emphasis on the result:She has written five letters.action that is still going on:I've liked chocolate since I was a child.action that stopped recently: She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).finished action that has an influence on the present:I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience): I have never been to Australia.They have visited Paris three times.With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”:It’ the second time I’ve been on a plane.Changes which have happened:I’ve lost ten kilos.Actions started in the past and continuing up to present usually with all day/week/year etc., for, since or how long: He’s been writing a letter for two hours. (He started 2 hours ago and still writing).Actions stopping just before the present moment (with visible result):She’s been crying (her eyes are red).! Not normally used with ever and never:Have you ever flown in a helicopter before?Have you ever been flying in a helicopter before? Present perfect continuousUseputs emphasis on the result:She has written five letters.action that is still going on:I've liked chocolate since I was a child.action that stopped recently: She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).finished action that has an influence on the present:I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience): I have never been to Australia.They have visited Paris three times.With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”:It’ the second time I’ve been on a plane.Changes which have happened:I’ve lost ten kilos.Compare the different uses of Present perfect continuous Present perfect simple {5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}Present perfect continuous Present perfect simple I’ve been reading for the past two weeks. (how long)I’ve read three articles. (how many)I’ve been writing my essay. (we don’t know if the essay is finished or not?)I’ve written my essay. (the essay is finished)I have worked at the airport for four years = I have been working at the airport for four years.( no difference in meaning)