Презентация на тему британские острова

Британские островаBritish Isles1In the British Isles, located state of great Britain and Ireland, as well as the territory under the authority of the British crown.The area of the Islands — 315,1 thousand km2. From mainland Europe, separated by the North sea and the Straits of Pas-de-Calais and the English channel.Include the large Islands of Britain and Ireland separated by the Irish sea and Straits of the North and SV. George and the group of the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, Anglesey, man, Wight, Arran, etc. Sometimes to the British Islands rank as the channel Islands, as belonging to great Britain but located off the coast of France.The name "British Isles" is avoided in Ireland, because it can be perceived as implying that Ireland belongs to the UK government. In Ireland, the archipelago usually called "Britain and Ireland", this expression is used in other English-speaking countries; rarely found the term "Atlantic archipelago". Photos of Islands2 О глубине прибрежных вод и главных островах The depth of the coastal waters of the British Isles almost never exceeds 200 m. the Shallow area is limited to a pronounced ledge, which starts the ocean depths. On the bottom surface of the mainland shallows unearthed hollows of river valleys and areas of dune topography, indicating relatively recent submersion of land under the sea level in the area of the British Isles. Final separation of the archipelago from the mainland and modern outlines of its coasts occurred in post-glacial time.The main Islands of the archipelago separates the mainland inter-island Irish sea, entirely located offshore with prevailing depths up to 50 meters Only in the Central part of the sea stretches a narrow meridional trough with the greatest depth of 159 m. For the Eastern coast of the Irish sea is characterized by a significant erosion dismemberment. In odpruzeni estuaries river valleys formed estuaries. Western (Irish) coast relates to abrasion-accumulative buchtova type of banks. In the North channel connecting the Irish sea with the ocean, lots of scenic rocky headlands, on one of which you go to the Bank separately columnar basalt — part of the legendary "trail of giants", supposedly cut through the sea to 3 Obtaining and more.In terms of active water exchange with the Atlantic ocean to surface waters characterized by a small seasonal variations of temperatures from 8 °C in winter to 13 °C in summer. The East coast sea the amplitude of temperature more considerable than in the coast of Ireland. Over the sea is dominated by South-westerly winds, often strong winter storms, and spring and summer is characterized by relatively weak with excitement. The height of the tides on the Irish sea coast is 4 m, on the shores of the UK (in some areas) is about 7-8m, occasionally to 10 m. High tides allow large vessels to enter mouths of rivers, where there are major ports, especially Liverpool.Species diversity of the fish fauna of the Irish sea increases from North to South. In the Northern regions is produced mainly cod, herring and haddock in the South — mackerel, mackerel, hake. The quality of the waters of this inland sea depends on the contaminants, sometimes very dangerous, including radioactive, from the surrounding areas where there are large industrial facilities (including nuclear power plant on the Isle of Anglesey), urban agglomerations (Dublin, Liverpool) and intensively cultivated farmland.4 Geological structure and reliefInsularity and the pronounced influence of the Atlantic, cut coast, further enhancing this effect, as well as the ruggedness of the terrain determine the basic features of the nature of the British Isles. To this must be added that Islands recently lost contact with the mainland, many features of nature are very similar to neighboring parts of the continent, however, the position of the island has already left a definite mark on natural features and living conditions of the population.Geological structure. Folded Paleozoic structures of the British Isles have undergone strong vertical fragmentation, especially intensely manifested in the late Neogene and early Quaternary period. These processes have created a mosaic landscape with alternating block mountains and valleys filled with sedimentary deposits of different age and origin.In the Pleistocene almost the entire archipelago, except for the southern part of the island of Britain, was covered with glaciers, spreading from the Scottish highlands. They left a powerful moraine accumulation and had a great influence on the formation of the relief. The last glaciation was a local mountain character with centers in Scotland, Ireland and Wales.Relief. The coastline of the Islands is very rugged, dissected by tectonic faults and the repeated uplift and subsidence. Large bays protrude into the coast of the UK and Ireland where the surface is flat. On the peninsulas climb mountains. In many places the coast is clearly expressed in a series of marine terraces formed as a result of repeated changes in sea level. Especially heavily indented North-West coast of the UK and Ireland's West coast. In the first case is well expressed fjordby, the second composed of the type of banks. Less dissected by the East coast of the UK, dominated by low-lying rectilinear coast with a few deep into the land bays.5 Minerals and climate conditionsMinerals. In the bowels of the British Isles found and developed many minerals in the mountains of Cumberland and the mountains of Ireland — lead-zinc ore, in the Cornish copper and tin in sedimentary rocks of the Midland iron ore. The main mineral wealth of the island of Britain is coal. Its deposits are concentrated in three areas: Medium-the Scottish lowlands, on the outskirts of the Pennines and South Wales. About the rich oil and gas reserves offshore in the North sea has already been mentioned. Now it is the main oil-producing area for the UK. Ireland has large reserves of peat, deposits of which are widespread on the plains and on flat surfaces mountain ranges.Climatic conditions. Sharp and wet Western winds blowing throughout the year, bring on the British Isles a large amount of moisture. Especially a lot of precipitation falls on the Western slopes of the mountains, where the annual amount exceeds 1500 mm and sometimes 2000 mm. Rainfall is mainly in the form of drizzle, and in some areas in winter, it rains almost daily. In the South-West of Ireland and in Cornwall no snow, but in other places there are only 10-20 days with snow (in Greenwich about 14 days, and Edinburgh — 20), although the steady snow cover is never formed. Eastern and South-Eastern areas receive 700-800 mm of rain per year. There are fewer clouds, the winds not so harsh6 THE END)))7