Методическая разработка серии занятий по английскомуязыку на тему «ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ И НАКАЗАНИЯ» для студентов 2-ого курса специальности 40.02.01 Право и организация социальных обеспечений

Филиал «Котельники»
государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения
высшего образования Московской области
«Университет «Дубна»
Методическая разработка серии занятий по английскому языку на тему:
«ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ И НАКАЗАНИЯ»
для студентов 2-ого курса специальности 40.02.01 Право и организация социальных обеспечений

Автор-составитель
Азарова А. Г.
Преподаватель английского языка
Котельники 2017
Аннотация
Данная методическая разработка предназначена для проведения занятий по английскому языку со студентами 2-ого курса по специальности 40.02.01 “Право и организация социальных обеспечений” СПО.
В методической разработке представлены материалы на английском языке по различным видам нарушений законов и ответственности за них. Разработка содержит скомбинированные уроки, направленные на изучение лексики по специальности и повторение грамматического материала, согласно программе по английскому языку образовательного учреждения.
Пояснительная записка
Гражданско-правовое воспитание сегодня – одно из важнейших звеньев системы воспитательной работы.
Формирование личности молодого человека, его воспитание начинаются с обязательного приобщения к социальным и правовым нормам поведения в обществе. С осознания понятия “норма”, и с осведомлённости об ответственности за различные виды нарушений.
Целью работы по данной теме является воспитание компетентной, гуманной, духовно-нравственной личности, достойного гражданина России.
Цели:
развитие иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции, которая подразумевает развитие речевой, языковой, социокультурной, компенсаторной, учебно-познавательной компетенций. 
общаться (устно и письменно) на иностранном языке на профессиональные темы
переводить (со словарём) иностранные тексты профессиональной направленности
самостоятельно совершенствовать устную и письменную речь, пополнять словарный запас по профессиональной тематике
написать энциклопедическую или справочную статью на предложенную профессиональную тематику по готовому шаблону
формирование таких общих компетенций, как способность понимать сущность и социальную значимость своей будущей профессии, проявлять к ней устойчивый интерес (ОК-1), способность организовывать собственную деятельность, определять способы и методы выполнения профессиональных задач, оценивать их эффективность и качество (ОК-2), способность решать проблемы, оценивать риски и принимать решения в нестандартных ситуациях (ОК-3), способность осуществлять поиск, анализ и оценку информации, необходимой для постановки и решения профессиональных задач, профессионального и личностного развития (ОК-4), способность работать в коллективе и команде, эффективно общаться с коллегами, руководством, потребителями (ОК-6), способность самостоятельно определять задачи профессионального и личностного развития, заниматься самообразованием, осознанно планировать повышение квалификации (ОК-8), способность соблюдать деловой этикет, культуру и психологические основы общения, нормы и правила поведения (ОК-11).
формирование таких профессиональных компетенций, как способность анализировать практические ситуации, устанавливать признаки правонарушений и правильно их квалифицировать, давать им юридическую оценку, используя периодические и специальные издания, справочную литературу, информационные справочно-правовые системы (ПК 3.1), способность предпринимать необходимые меры к восстановлению нарушенных прав, свобод и законных интересов граждан (ПК 3.2).
Задачи:
1. Знание лексического и грамматического минимума для чтения текстов на английском языке профессиональной направленности, и грамматического минимума для способности производить устные высказывания на английском языке на профессиональные темы.
2. Формирование чувства ответственности за свои поступки.
3. Формирование у студентов понимания социальной значимости своей профессии и рассмотрение профессиональных проблем и вопросов через призму межкультурной коммуникации.
При составлении комплекса упражнений в данной методической разработке для повышения эффективности методологического сопровождения профессионального образования и достижения поставленных целей и задач были использованы разнообразные группы образовательных технологий: технологии объяснительно-иллюстративного обучения, в основе которых лежит информирование, просвещение учащихся и организация их репродуктивных действий с целью выработки у них общеучебных умений и навыков; личностно-ориентированные технологии обучения, создающие условия для обеспечения собственной учебной деятельности обучающихся, учёта и развития индивидуальных особенностей школьников; технологии развивающего обучения, в центре внимания которых — способ обучения, способствующий включению внутренних механизмов личностного развития обучающихся, их интеллектуальных способностей; технология интегрированного обучения, реализующаяся посредствам применения разнообразных форм и методов работы. Также, для повышения эффективности данного методологического сопровождения профессионального образования был использован большой объём дополнительного лексического материала (слова, выражения и идиомы) профессиональной направленности, для формирования у студентов умений общаться устно и письменно на английском языке на профессиональные темы. В данной работе представлен комплекс упражнений, направленный на обязательное формирование общих и профессиональных компетенций.
UNIT I. TYPES OF CRIMES AND NAMES OF CRIMINALS
Read new words, pay attention to the pronunciation-find the pronunciation of the words in a dictionary:
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Nouns:
an arsonist[ ] – поджигатель
a shop-lifter [ ] – магазинный вор
a criminal [ ] - преступник
a mugger [ ] – грабитель, разбойник (на улице)
an offender [ ] – преступник, правонарушитель
a vandal [ ] – хулиган
a burglar [ ] – вор-домушник, взломщик
a murderer [ ] – убийца
a kidnapper [ ] – похититель
an accomplice [ ] – сообщник
a drug-dealer [ ] – наркодилер
a spy [ ] – шпион
a terrorist [ ] – террорист
a crime [ ] - преступление
a struggle against crimes [ ]– борьба против преступлений
crime prevention [ ] – предотвращение преступлений
crime rate [ ] - уровень преступности
a drug crime [ ]- преступления, связанные с наркотиками
a violent crime [ ] – жестокое преступление
white collar crimes [ ] – преступления “белых воротничков” (мошенничество, подделки, афёры и т.д.)
Verbs:
To decrease [ ] – возрастать
To commit crimes [ ] – совершать преступления
To give an opportunity [ ] – давать возможность
To accuse [ ] - обвинять
Read and translate the text:
Types of crimes
Modern world is in constant struggle against various crimes. Each country has its department or organization for crime prevention, but it does not mean the number of crimes has decreased. With the development of technology a lot of new crimes appear, so it is not surprising that crime rate in many countries is still high. Another aspect influencing the number of crimes is terrorism flourishing in many developed countries. And no matter how hard people try to eliminate its negative influence, it still exists and despite great efforts will not disappear.
Crime is an illegal action against a person or his property. People, who commit crimes, are called criminals. There are many kinds of crimes in the modern world. Every year more ways of cheating or stealing are invented, leave alone mugging. Depending on the offense nature there are such types of crimes: sex, drug, violent, white collar crimes, thefts, federal crimes etc.
Drug crimes are crimes, which involve legally forbidden substances. In different countries these substances vary, but most countries impose punishment for possession, distribution or manufacturing of narcotics and prescription drugs. People, who work with drugs, are called dealers and it is often met that if a person sells forbidden drugs, it means he is also addicted to them or just earns money, though connected with the criminal world.
Violent crimes are those ones committed against another person attempting to cause or causing some body harm. Depending on the level of harm and the state of the victim violent crimes include such types as murder, assault, kidnapping, manslaughter, domestic violence and others. Usually these crimes result in bodily injuries or even death of the victim. Most of them are committed by force, threats or violence and depending on the “strike” of the crime, a judge will impose a suitable penalty.
White collar crimes are non-violent crimes involving financial thefts or unlawful behavior. People committing them are mostly politicians or business representatives. Such crimes always contain an intention and a plan of its realization. Fraud, tax evasion or embezzlement are their kinds. The individuals, who are accused of them, very often have to pay big money as a fine, but if the damage is enormous, the imprisonment can be quite long.
Theft crimes are the most widely-spread ones and involve the act of taking someone’s property against this person’s will or by deceit. There are two subtypes of thefts: petty and grand ones. This classification depends on the value of the stolen property. There are various types of thefts. Fraud is a theft with the intentional deception of the victim. Shoplifting is a theft of property in public transport or in the street usually taken from the pocket or bag without victim’s noticing. Robbery is a theft by force. Burglary is an unlawfully breaking into the house with the purpose of stealing something. Carjacking is a theft of a motor vehicle etc.
Modern technology gives the opportunity either to prevent a criminal act or to commit it. Though modern bank systems and governmental programs have the highest level of security, they are often attacked by hackers or lose secret information because of other unlawful actions. Another eye-catching example is a mobile phone. With their invention the number of thefts has increased, but at the same time these devices help policemen due to their structure and possibilities.
Every crime must be punished for it not to be repeated. There are many different types of punishment depending on the kind of crime, jurisdiction and other factors. Criminals are punished to take revenge on wrongdoers or for crime prevention. Though there are some countries using harsh physical punishment, many developed countries use less cruel methods. The chief types of compensation for crimes are fines, community service and restitution (compensation for the damage). But there are also more severe types of punishment including physical pain infliction, imprisonment and even capital punishment. All these methods are supposed to show people that it is much better to follow the law than violate it.
Crime is a social issue, so if you want to decrease its frequency and rate, you should start from yourselves. Obey the law/ Be law abiding and teach your children to do the same, and be sure, the crime rate will be much lower.Exercise 1. Find English equivalents in the text
Постоянная борьба против преступлений; предотвращение преступлений; уровень преступности; противозаконное действие, направленное на человека; совершать преступление; преступления, связанные с наркотиками; наркотическая зависимость; причинять вред (увечить); непредумышленное убийство; судья; наказание; угон автомобилей, неправомерные действия, общественные работы, заключение (лишение свободы).
Exercise 2. Read the sentences using English equivalents.
Modern world is in constant (борьбе) against various (преступлений).
Each country has its department or organization for (предотвращение преступлений).
It is not surprising that (уровень преступности) in many countries is still high.
Crime is an (неправомерное) action against a person or his (собственности).
Drug crimes are crimes, which involve legally forbidden (содержимое, субстанции).
Theft crimes are the most (распространённые) ones and involve the act of taking someone’s property against this person’s (воля) or by (выбор, решение).
Every crime must be (наказанным) for it not to be repeated.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions.
Do different countries have their own departments or organizations for crime prevention?
Why do some new crimes still appear? What is one of the reasons today?
How can you define a crime action?
How do we call people who commit crimes?
What types of crimes can you name?
Give the definition for drug crimes.
What types do violent crimes include?
What crimes do collar crimes involve?
What crimes are the most widely-spread ones?
What opportunities do modern technologies give for crime prevention?
Exercise 4. Put the words in the sentences in their correct order.
crimes, against, in constant struggle, Modern world, various, is.
technology, of, the development, a lot, new, With, crimes, appear.
of, many, modern, in, crimes, There are, the, world, kinds.
committed, violent, of crimes, are, by force, Most.
depends, of, This, on the value, the stolen, classification, property.
UNIT II. NAMES OF CRIMINALS AND PUNISHMENTS
Read new words, pay attention to the pronunciation:
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
an assassin [ ] – убийца, террорист
a hooligan [ ] – хулиган, вандал
a stowaway [ ] – безбилетный пассажир (“заяц”)
a thief [ ] – вор
a hijacker [ ] – бандит, налётчик
a forger [ ] – фальшивомонетчик
a robber [ ] – грабитель, разбойник
a smuggler [ ] – контрабандист
a traitor [ ] – предатель, изменник
a gangster [ ] – бандит, гангстер
a deserter [ ] – дезертир
a bigamist [ ] – двоежёнец, двоемужница
a drug smuggler [ ] – контрабандист
a trial [ ] – судебный процесс
a law [ ] – закон
a convention [ ] – собрание
a punishment [ ] – наказание
a torture [ ] – пытка
an offence [ ] – нарушение
severely [ ] – строго
to harden [ ] – ужесточать
to commit an offence [ ] – совершать проступок
to contradict [ ] – противоречить
to make somebody confess in ones crime – признавать кого-то виновным в преступлении
Read and translate the text:
Crime and Punishment
If we look into history we shall find that laws are conventions between men in a state of freedom. By justice we understand nothing more than the bond which is necessary to keep the interest of individuals united, without which men would return to their original state of barbarity. All punishments which exceed the necessity of preserving this bond are unjust in their nature.
The result of any punishment should be no other than prevention a criminal from doing further injury to society, and prevention others from committing the like offence. Therefore there ought to be chosen such punishments and such modes of inflicting them that make the strongest and most lasting impressions on the minds of others, with the least torment to the body of the criminal.
The torture of a criminal during the course of his trial is a cruelty consecrated by custom in most nations. It is used with an intent either to make him confess in his crime, or to explain some contradiction into which he had been led during his examination, or discover his accomplices, or for some kind of metaphysical and incomprehensible purgation of infamy, or, finally, in order to discover other crimes of which he is not accused of, but of which he may be guilty.
No man can be judged a criminal until he is found guilty; nor can society take from him the public protection until it has been proved that he has violated the conditions on which it was granted. In the eye of the law, every man is innocent until his crime has been proved. Crimes are more effectually prevented by the certainty than the severity of punishment.
The more cruel the punishments become, the more hardened and insensible people turn to be. All severity is superfluous, and therefore tyrannical.
The death penalty is pernicious to society, it is the example of barbarity. If the passions, or the necessity of war, have taught men to shed blood of their fellow creatures, the laws, which are intended to moderate the ferocity of mankind, should not increase it by examples of barbarity. It is even more horrible that this punishment is usually attended with formal pageantry. Isn't it absurd, that the laws, which detest and punish homicide, should, in order to prevent murder, publicly commit murder themselves?
It is better to prevent crimes than to punish them. This should be the fundamental principle of any good legislation.
Exercise 1. Match the appropriate definitions with the words from Active Vocabularies of Units I and II.
attacks and robs people, often in the street
sets fire to property illegally
is anyone who breaks the law
breaks into houses or other buildings to steal
steals from shops while acting as an ordinary customer
kills someone
deliberately causes damage to property
steals things from people’s pockets in crowded places
gets secret information from another country
buys and sells drugs illegally
takes away people by force and demands money for their return
helps a criminal in a criminal act
uses violence for political reasons
causes damage or disturbance in public places
hides on a ship or plane to get a free journey
takes control of a plane by force and makes the pilot change course
murders for political reasons or a reward
is someone who steals
makes counterfeit (false) money or signatures
is a member of a criminal group
steals money by force from people or places
marries illegally, being married already
is a soldier who runs away from the army
brings goods into a country illegally without paying tax
illegally carries drugs into another country
betrays his or her country to another state
Exercise 2. Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
грабитель, безбилетный пассажир, предатель, вор, взломщик, поджигатель, красть деньги из карманов, нелегально ввозить товары в страну, взламывать чужие дома, ограбить людей, нелегально жениться/выйти замуж, нарушать закон, причинять вред или беспокойство, соучастник.Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:
What do we understand by justice?
What is the reason for any punishment?
When a criminal can be judged?
How can we explain the innocence of a man in the eye of the law?
What are crimes more effectively prevented by?
UNIT III. PUNISHMENTS
Read new words, pay attention to the pronunciation:
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
a delinquent [ ] – малолетний преступник
a crook [ ] – мошенникa
a crime wave [ ] – волна преступности
a suspect [ ] – подозреваемый
a convict [ ] – осуждённый
law enforcement [ ] – правоохранительные органы
detention cell [ ] – камера предварительного заключения
a proof /evidence[ ] – доказательство
a criminal case [ ] – уголовное дело
a jury [ ] – присяжные
a judge [ ] - судья
to account guilty/ to bring in guilty [ ] – осудить
to admit guilt [ ] – признать свою вину
to accuse smb. of something [ ] – предъявить обвинение
to pass verdict on somebody [ ] – выносить приговор
Exercise 1. Match English words with their Russian equivalents:
a crook выносить приговор
a judge осудить
to account guilty признать свою вину
a jury мошенник
to admit guilt камера предварительного заключения
to accuse smb. of something судья
a criminal case присяжные
a suspect обвинить кого-то в чём-то
an evidence уголовное дело
law enforcement подозреваемый
a detention cell доказательство
to pass verdict on somebody правоохранительные органы
Exercise 2. Make up 7 sentences with the words from Active Vocabulary of Unit III.
Exercise 3. Make a report in class using your own library research and the Internet as an information source on the Judicial Brunch in Russian Federation and the kinds of punishment in Russia.
UNIT IV. THE CAUSES OF CRIME
Read new words, pay attention to the pronunciation:
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
deliberately [ ] – намеренно
a discarded reason [ ] – исключённая причина
skull structure [ ] – структура черепа
proclivities [ ] – наклонности
hereditary [ ] – наследственность
a trait [ ] – характерная черта, особенность
a law-abiding person [ ] – законопослушный человек
innate [ ] – врождённый
inclination [ ] – склонность, наклонность
to initiate [ ] - инициировать уголовный процесс
to relate criminal behavior to natural – относить преступное поведение к естественной среде
Read and translate the text:
The causes of crime
No one knows the reasons of crimes. Why do they occur? There is the oldest theory, based on theology and ethics which underlines that criminals are perverse persons who deliberately commit crimes or who do so at the instigation of the devil or other evil spirits. Although this idea has been discarded by modern criminologists, it persists among uninformed people and provides the rationale for the harsh punishments still meted out to criminals in many parts of the world.
There were made different efforts to explain the roots of crimes and the reasons for committing them. One of the first efforts was based on scientific, rather than theological, grounds. It was made at the end of the 18th century by the German physician and anatomist Franz Joseph Gall, who tried to establish relationships between skull structure and criminal proclivities. Nowadays this theory is not popular and it is discredited and has been abandoned.
In the 19th century there was created a new theory which was called a biological one. The author of this theory was the Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso, who thought that crimes were committed by persons who are born with certain recognizable hereditary physical traits. This theory was disproved by the British criminologist Charles Goring. He made a research of jailed criminals and proved that criminal types with innate dispositions to crime do not exist.
Nowadays some investigators hold that specific abnormalities of the brain and of the endocrine system contribute to a person’s inclination toward criminal activity.
Another approach is based on the relation of the crime reasons to natural or physical environment.
Exercise 1. Find the Russian equivalents to the following words:
Crime reasons, to occur, perverse persons, an instigation, harsh punishment, scientific theory, to establish relationships, theological grounds, to abandon, a sophisticated theory, recognizable, trait, an inclination.
Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps.
There are different theories related to the reasons why criminal actions … in the society.
There is the oldest theory, … on theology and ethics which underlines that criminals are … persons.
The idea of that some people commit crimes at the instigation of the devil has been … by modern criminologists.
One of the first efforts to explain the reasons of crimes was based on scientific, rather than theological, … .One of the anatomists Franz Joseph Gall tried to establish … between skull structure and criminal … .Some researchers think that crimes are committed by persons who are born with certain recognizable hereditary physical … .There had been made a research of jailed criminals and it had been proved that criminal types with innate … to crime do not exist.
But nowadays it is discussed that specific … of the brain and of the endocrine system contribute to a person’s … toward criminal activity.
Exercise 3. Based on your knowledge obtained after reading the above text please express your own opinion on the reasons for criminal actions. Use the expressions below and Active Vocabulary of the lesson.
As far as I understand … - насколько я понял(а) …
As far as I remember … - насколько я помню …
I would like to start with … - я бы хотел(а) начать с …
I agree/ I don’t agree … - я согласен/я не согласен
Just the other way round … - как-раз наоборот
It doesn’t matter … - не важно/не имеет значения
I think … - я думаю
From my point of view … - по моему мнению …
On the one hand … , on the other hand … - с одной стороны …, с другой стороны …
It could be argued that … - можно поспорить с утверждением, что…
It must be acknowledged that … – следует признать, что …
This suggests that … – из этого можно сделать вывод / следует, что …
This proves that … – это доказывает, что … / подтверждает, что …
It leads to think that … – это приводит к мысли о том, что …
It follows from the above that … – отсюда следует, что / из этого следует, что …
UNIT V. GENERATION GAP
Read new words, pay attention to the pronunciation:
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Teens’ problems – проблемы подростков
Violence [ ] – насилие
AIDS (=Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) [ ] – СПИД
Drug and alcohol addiction [ ] – наркотическая и алкогольная зависимость
Youngsters [ ] – молодёжь
Poverty [ ] – бедность
To be arrested for a criminal action [ ] – быть арестованным за преступление
To sent to prison [ ] – посадить в тюрьму
To have an experience with drugs [ ] – пробовать наркотики
To be dependent on … [ ] – иметь зависимость
To hold somebody responsible for something [ ] – делать кого-то ответственным за что-то
To bring an action against somebody [ ] – возбуждать против кого-то дело
To be indifferent to somebody’s problems [ ] – быть безразличным к чьим-то проблемам
To commit suicide [ ] – совершить самоубийство
Read the text and translate it:
What makes teens do this?
Nowadays people speak a lot about teens’ problems. Some time ago alcohol, fights, killings and other kinds of violence were associated more with adults than with young people.
For many children from poor families violence, alcohol addiction become a real problem today. Some people consider poverty to be the reason of it.
The Government surveys show that every fifth teenager who was arrested for criminal actions, was younger than 14 and could not be sent to prison. Many of them have an experience with drugs, alcohol. A lot of young people who have drug or alcohol addiction almost never believe that they are dependent. All these problems are usually combined with family and school problems.
The researchers from all over the world investigate the reasons of such serious problems of youngsters. Some of them underline that the changes of our society, the way of life force people to choose their own lifestyle. On the one hand, our society agrees that 15-17-year-old people are old enough to be responsible for what they do and give them quite a lot of freedom and rights. On the other hand, most adults think that teenagers are too young to be taken seriously. If we ask children about their relationships with parents we can learn that some parents let their children do anything they want and are quite indifferent to their problems. Teenagers have not so much experience in finding the solutions of daily problems related to the relationships with friends, teachers and so on and they get depressed when they can’t solve a problem and no one can help them in doing it. As a result, it makes them believe that there is only one way out to stop living and to commit suicide. One of the ways to decrease teens’ crimes and violence is to make our children feel that they are cared for.
Exercise 1. Answer the questions:
What problems of young people are represented in the text? While answering this question use Active Vocabulary of the Unit.
What ways to improve the situation does the author of the article suggest?
What reasons for teens’ problems are described in the text?
Exercise 2. Make up sentences of your own using Active Vocabulary of the Unit.
Exercise 3. Agree or disagree, justifying your own opinion.
Some time ago alcohol, fights, killings and other kinds of violence were associated more with adults than with young people. Nowadays the situation hasn’t been changed.
Children under 14 today have no experience with drugs and alcohol.
A lot of young people who have drug or alcohol addiction almost never believe that they are dependent.
Our society agrees that 15-17-year-old people are old enough to be responsible for what they do.
Teenagers have enough experience in finding the solutions of daily problems related to the relationships with friends, teachers or parents.
Exercise 4. Describe the relationships with your parents using Active Vocabulary of the Unit.
Exercise 5. Role play.
The group of students is divided into two groups. The first one represents those who believe that youngsters are old enough to be responsible for what they do and may be given a lot of freedom and rights. The second one are those who think that teens are too young to be taken seriously. They are having a dispute and must give their arguments to prove their opinions.
Список литературы:
Гуманова Ю. Л. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс/ Ю. Л. Гуманова [и д.р.] – М.: Кнорус, 2016.-35с.
Кузовлёв В.П. Английский язык. Учебник для 10-11 классов общеобразовательных учреждений/ В.П. Кузовлёв [и д.р.] – М.: Просвещение, 2001. – 336 с.
Today. Types of crimes [электронный ресурс], -http://tooday.ru/?l=eng&r=7&t=types_of_crimes-vidyi_prestupleniy-82 – статья в интернете
Engblog. Преступление на английском языке [электронный ресурс], - http://engblog.ru/crime – статья в интернете