Учебное пособие по английскому языку «ANIMAL BREEDING» для студентов, обучающихся по специальностям СПО технического профиля и специальности Ветеринария.

Министерство общего и профессионального образования
Ростовской области
Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение
Ростовской области
«Октябрьский аграрно-технологический техникум»
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
по дисциплине ОГСЭ.03 Иностранный язык (английский)
«ANIMAL BREEDING»
для студентов, обучающихся по специальностям СПО
технического профиля и специальности естественнонаучного профиля 36.02.01 Ветеринария.

Октябрьский район п.Качкан
2017год
Учебно-методическое пособие согласовано на заседании методической комиссии «Общеобразовательные дисциплины», протокол № _____ от _________2017г.,_________ и рекомендовано с целью практического применения на аудиторных занятиях и для самостоятельной работы студентов.
Разработчик: преподаватель английского языка ГБПОУ РО «ОАТТ» Макарова Н.И.
Данное учебно-методическое пособие представляет собой материал обучающего и проверочного характера по дисциплине ОГСЭ.03 Иностранный язык (английский) и предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по программам СПО технического профиля и специальности естественнонаучного профиля 36.02.01 Ветеринария.
Основная цель пособия – развитие навыков устной речи и чтения специальной литературы данного профиля на английском языке. Тексты пособия объединены тематически и дают представление об особенностях работы специалистов среднего звена в сфере сельского хозяйства. Пособие предназначено для студентов технических специальностей и специальности 36.02.01 Ветеринария ГБПОУ РО «ОАТТ»

Содержание
Предисловие …………………..………………………..4
Методические рекомендации преподавателям……….4
Занятие 9. Selective breeding ………………………….5
Занятие 10. Feeding dairy cows ………………………..9
Занятие 11. Mechanization in livestock raising ……….13
Занятие 12. Economics of animal breeding …………...15
Список литературы…………………………………….19
Предисловие
Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по специальностям СПО технического и естественнонаучного профиля. Целью пособия является формирование элементарных навыков устной речи по специальности студентов и чтения литературы по данной специальности на английском языке для извлечения необходимой информации.
В пособие входит три занятия, представляющие собой последовательную работу с предлагаемым текстом. Упражнения и задания построены на знакомом грамматическом материале для активного овладения лексическим минимумом профессиональной направленности. Послетекстовые упражнения служат для закрепления изученного материала и являются контрольно-обучающими. В каждом задании представлен лексический минимум, необходимый для изучения.
Четкая последовательность выполнения заданий позволит студентам овладеть терминологией изучаемой тематики, приобрести навыки ведения беседы, научиться составлению аннотаций и краткому изложению содержания статей.

Методические рекомендации преподавателям
Работу рекомендуется начинать с повторения рекомендуемого грамматического материала и чтения текста, выделения новых лексических единиц. Прочитав текст, студент должен сказать, о чем идет речь. Понимание содержания текста и степень усвоения грамматического материала проверяется при помощи заданий, размещенных в конце каждого занятия
Весь материал носит информативный характер, что повышает мотивацию изучения английского языка профессиональной направленности.
После работы над техническим текстом и выполнения всех послетекстовых упражнений для обеспечения работы над диалогом преподаватель может провести контроль лексического минимума по теме. Итогом каждого занятия является умение студентов вести беседу на элементарном уровне и умение составить краткий рассказ по данной теме.
Занятие 9. SELECTIVE BREEDING
1.Повторите в грамматическом справочнике: будущее неопределенное время в действительном и страдательном залоге.
2.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемое в будущем неопределенном времени действительного и страдательного залога (устно).
1. In winter the farmers will keep their cows in the cowsheds. 2. In winter the cows will be kept in the cowsheds. 3. The pigsty will be cleaned tomorrow.
4. On the farm we shall take care of the young animals. 5. Will the bull take exercise on pasture? 6. Barley straw will not be used for bedding.
3. Определите главную мысль следующих текстов и передайте ее на иностранном языке.
Selective breeding
A Belgian Blue cow. The defect in the breed's myostatin gene is maintained through line breeding and is responsible for its accelerated lean muscle growth.
This Chihuahua mix and Great Dane shows the wide range of dog breed sizes created using selective breeding.
Selective breeding transformed teosinte's few fruit cases (left) into modern corn's rows of exposed kernels (right).
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits. Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated, and the breeding is normally done by a professional breeder. Bred animals are known as breeds, while bred plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars. The cross of animals results in what is called a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.
There are two approaches or types of artificial selection, or selective breeding. First is the traditional «breeder’s approach» in which the breeder or experimenter applies “a known amount of selection to a single phenotypic trait” by examining the chosen trait and choosing to breed only those that exhibit higher or «extreme values» of that trait. The second is called «controlled natural selection», which is essentially natural selection in a controlled environment. In this, the breeder does not choose which individuals being tested «survive or reproduce», as he or she could in the traditional approach. There are also «selection experiments», which is a third approach and these are conducted in order to determine the «strength of natural selection in the wild». However, this is more often an observational approach as opposed to an experimental approach. In animal breeding, techniques such as inbreeding, line breeding, and outcrossing are utilized. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his book, On the Origin of Species. The first chapter of the book discusses selective breeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, cats, cattle, and dogs. Selective breeding was used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection, and to support it.
The deliberate exploitation of selective breeding to produce desired results has become very common in agriculture and experimental biology.
Selective breeding can be unintentional, e.g., resulting from the process of human cultivation; and it may also produce unintended – desirable or undesirable – results. For example, in some grains, an increase in seed size may have resulted from certain ploughing practices rather than from the intentional selection of larger seeds. Most likely, there has been interdependence between natural and artificial factors that have resulted in plant domestication.
Animal breeding
Animals with homogeneous appearance, behavior, and other characteristics are known as particular breeds, and they are bred through culling particular traits and selecting for others. Purebred animals have a single, recognizable breed, and purebreds with recorded lineage are called pedigreed. Crossbreeds are a mix of two purebreds, whereas mixed breeds are a mix of several breeds, often unknown. Animal breeding begins with breeding stock, a group of animals used for the purpose of planned breeding. When individuals are looking to breed animals, they look for certain valuable traits in purebred stock for a certain purpose, or may intend to use some type of crossbreeding to produce a new type of stock with different, and, it is presumed, superior abilities in a given area of endeavor. For example, to breed chickens, a typical breeder intends to receive eggs, meat, and new, young birds for further reproduction. Thus, the breeder has to study different breeds and types of chickens and analyze what can be expected from a certain set of characteristics before he or she starts breeding them. Therefore, when purchasing initial breeding stock, the breeder seeks a group of birds that will most closely fit the purpose intended.
Purebred breeding aims to establish and maintain stable traits that animals will pass to the next generation. By «breeding the best to the best» employing a certain degree of inbreeding, considerable culling, and selection for «superior» qualities, one could develop a bloodline superior in certain respects to the original base stock. Such animals can be recorded with a breed registry, the organization that maintains pedigrees and/or stud books. However, single-trait breeding, breeding for only one trait over all others, can be problematic. In one case mentioned by animal behaviorist Temple Grandin, roosters bred for fast growth or heavy muscles did not know how to perform typical rooster courtship dances, which alienated the roosters from hens and led the roosters to kill the hens after reproducing with them.
The observable phenomenon of hybrid vigor stands in contrast to the notion of breed purity. However, on the other hand, indiscriminate breeding of crossbred or hybrid animals may also result in degradation of quality. Studies in evolutionary physiology, behavioral genetics, and other areas of organismal biology have also made use of deliberate selective breeding, though longer generation times and greater difficulty in breeding can make such projects challenging in vertebrates.
Определите время и залог сказуемого в следующих предложениях; переведите предложения.
1.Good feeding and management conditions will increase milk yields.
2.Purebred parents transmit their characteristics to their offspring. 3. Different methods are used by farmers to improve their herds and flocks. 4. Our farm does not breed sheep. 5. In winter the cattle will be fed with hay, silage and grain.
6. What methods do farmers use to increase the productivity of farm animals?
2. Прочитайте предложения, заполняя пропуски подходящими по смыслу следующими словами и словосочетаниями: litters, gain in weight, yield, herds, flocks, pure breeding, crossbreeding, off spring.
1.Dairy cows should be fed with proper feeds in order to produce high milk.... 2.Calves provided with good pasture... well. 3. Sows are known to produce two ... per year. 4. The improvement of... and ... are important to obtain more and higher-quality products. 5. There are many systems of breeding livestock,... and ... being most common. 6. To obtain high-quality ... only purebred parents should be used.
Исходя из содержания текста А ответьте по-русски на вопрос, поставленный в заголовке. Переведите предложения из текста А, в которых говорится: а) об общей задаче, стоящей перед селекционерами; б) о задачах свиноводов и овцеводов; в) о том, каких животных следует использовать для улучшения стада; г) что такое чистопородное разведение; д) с какими животными используют кроссбридинг.
Ответьте на вопросы по-английски.
1. What is the task of dairy farmers?
2. What calves do beef cattle raisers want to have?
3. What animals should farmers select to improve their herds and flocks? 4. What methods of improving animals are mentioned in the text?
Прочитайте текст В и передайте его содержание на русском языке, используя следующие вопросы:
1). Какие системы разведения животных используются наиболее широко?
2). Какие животные называются чистопородными, улучшенной породы и кроссбредными?
3). В чем преимущества кроссбредных животных?
Текст В. PARENTS AND THEIR OFFSPRING
Much of the improvement of productivity is done by the use of breeding systems. There are some breeding systems, two of them being most widely used. They are pure breeding and crossbreeding.
If both parents of an animal are purebreds of the same breed, the animal is also a purebred. If only one parent, usually the sire, is a purebred, the animal is known as a grade (животное улучшенной породы).
A crossbred animal is the one obtained from the parents that are purebreds but of different breeds. Crossbreds grow faster (быстрее) than their parents. Faster growth results in lower feed and labour costs.
Прочитайте текст С и объясните по-английски, какую тему он освещает.
TEXT С
There are many cattle breeds in the USA. In the Northern areas of the USA the Holstein is the leading dairy breed. In the Southern states the Jersey is more popular than other dairy breeds raised there
As to beef breeds there are many of them. They are bred throughout the country. Most farmers raise the Shorthorn and Hereford beef breeds of cattle.
There are also dual-purpose breeds kept for the production of both milk and meat. Two of them, the Red Polled and Milking Shorthorn are known to be the best dual-purpose breeds of cattle in this country.
Занятие 10. FEEDING DAIRY COWS
1. Какая информация данного текста представляет непосредственный интерес?
Текст A. FEEDING DAIRY COWS
In preparing rations for milking cows many factors should be considered. Rations are to provide carbohydrates in a readily available form, have proper amount of good quality protein, provide sufficient fat and mineral substances and contain the necessary vitamins. To obtain much milk is the aim of every cattleman. That is why the farmers are to supply their cows with nutritious feeds. Cows being on good pastures in summer, little or no additional feed are required. If pastures are of low quality, additional roughages and some grain should be fed to most cows.
During winter legume hay is known to be good roughage for dairy cows. Many dairy farmers provide corn silage or grass silage in addition to hay. High- yielding cows need some concentrated feeds to produce much milk. One can include high-protein feed in the grain mixture for such cows. Roughages of low quality being fed, the proportion of high-protein feed should be increased.
A dairy cow is known to require much water, for milk is about 87 per cent water. Three to four gallons of water are required for each gallon of milk produced by a cow.
Thus, cows being fed properly, all the necessary nutrients will be provided: carbohydrates and fats from grains, proteins from legume hay or protein supplements, minerals from good pasture, and vitamins from, a good mixture of feeds.
1.Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания: грубый корм, белковая добавка, сочный корм, рацион, непереваримая клетчатка, продуктивность, надой молока, потомство, помет, прибавлять в весе, свиноматка, овцематка, производитель, возраст, матка.
2.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на изученные грамматические структуры и лексику.
Unlike the other farm animals sows can produce two litters per year. 2. Good silage can be made from legumes if they do not contain too much water. 3. Ewes having enough milk, lambs are kept with them for 4 or 5 months. 4. The best practice is to feed pigs some distance from the pigsty for them to take exercise. 5. As the calf grows the daily milk ration is to be increased. 6. One should regulate the temperature, ventilation and lighting in animals buildings. 7. The crossbreds obtained by crossing many breeds have better qualities than those obtained from crossing two breeds. 8. To improve herds and flocks farmers should use only purebred sires and dams. 9. Best offspring is produced by using purebreeding and crossbreeding.
3. Определите, к какой части речи относятся выделенные слова. Переведите предложения.
1. Most farms of our region breed hogs and dairy cattle. 2. This dairy breed is high-yielding. 3. When they have a good cowshed they will breed dairy cattle. 4.In winter this farmer feeds his cows with legume hay and grass silage. 5.Roughage feeds are not good for feeding hogs.
4.Расположите пункты плана в последовательности, соответствующей содержанию текста А
Кормление коров летом.
Значение воды для молочных коров.
Кормление коров зимой.
Источники питательных веществ.
Рационы и питательные вещества
5.Найдите в тексте А и переведите: а) три предложения с самостоятельным причастным оборотом; б) два предложения со сложным подлежащим; в) предложение с подлежащим, выраженным словом one.
6. Ответьте на вопросы по-английски.
1. What nutrients should rations provide?
2. What is the aim of every cattleman?
3. Do farmers provide additional feed when cows are on good pasture?
4. What is the best feed for cows in winter?
5. Why is water so important for dairy cows?
6. What are the sources of carbohydrates, protein and minerals
Прочитайте текст В и ответьте по-русски на вопросы: 1). Почему молоко такой ценный продукт? 2). Как сохранить высококачественное молоко?
Текст В. DAIRY FARMING
Dairy farming is one of the most important branches of animal husbandry. One reason for the importance of dairying is high nutritive value of milk and dairy products.
Milk is one of the best sources of calcium, the mineral which is highly important for the growth of skeleton of people and animals. High-quality milk also contains a large amount of phosphorus and iron (железо). Milk is also a good source of vitamins A, D, and B. Different dairy products are obtained by man from milk. To have high-quality milk farmers should not only feed their cows properly both in spring and in winter but they should care for the milk properly. Two factors should be controlled when keeping milk: 1) milk should be kept clean and 2) it should be kept cool (охлажденным).
Прочитайте текст С и скажите по-русски: а) от чего зависит продолжительность периода откорма; б) сколько месяцев требуется для откорма взрослых животных, телят; в) когда следует давать основную часть зерна; г) когда следует давать скоту минеральную добавку.
Текст С. FATTENING CATTLE
The fattening of cattle is a common practice on farms where beef cattle are bred and corn is raised.
The length of the fattening period may vary from two to twelve months, depending on the age and condition of the animals. The cattle that are more than two years old may be fattened in four or eight months. Some farmers fatten calves in nine months or longer.
Cattle should not be given too much grain at the beginning of the fattening period. Late in summer when grass is poor it is recommended to provide cattle with some legume hay or protein concentrate.
A mineral supplement should be provided if cattle are fed with crops grown on the soil deficient in calcium, phosphorus or other necessary minerals.
Animals should have water and salt all the time.
Занятие 11. MECHANIZATION IN LIVESTOCK RAISI
Повторите в грамматическом справочнике: настоящее, прошедшее и будущееродолженное время в действительном и страдательном залоге.
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемое в продолжен- ном времени действительного и страдательного залога (устно).
1.If you go to the collective farm now you will see how the farmers are spreading fertilizers.
2. Rye is being threshed now.
3. When the students came to the collective farm «Progress» the farmers were plowing the soil.
4. At this time tomorrow we shall be rolling the soil to make it firm.
Прочитайте и выберите предложения, которые рассказывают о новых достижениях в развитии крупного рогатого скота.
Текст A. MECHANIZATION IN LIVESTOCK RAISING
Further increase in animal productivity is achieved both by the introduction of new machinery and by wider electrification and automation of different processes on livestock farms.
Some kinds of livestock equipment are almost completely automatic, thus eliminating most of the hand labour. Many farms are using now automatic waterers which provide water to livestock at all times. At the press of the button silage unloaders remove silage from the silo and drop it into the conveyer that carries the silage to the feed troughs. The feeding of grain and hay to dairy cattle has also been almost completely mechanized on some farms. On most farms manure is collected and transported automatically.
Different machines are now being used which permit a better digestion of various feeds by livestock. For instance, grain grinders, feed mixers, forage cutters increase the feeding value of grain, roughages and other feeds.
Milk pipelines connected to milking machines carry the milk to milk tanks where it is automatically cooled to the proper temperature.
In some poultry houses time clock devices are installed so that chickens can be fed automatically at the desired time of the day. On many poultry farms eggs are cleaned, graded and packed primarily by automation.
Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания
automatic waterer – автопоилка
carry v – тащить, перевозить
grade v – сортировать
grain grinder – зернодробилка
conveyer n – транспортер, конвейер digestion n – переваривание, усвое- ние
feed mixer – кормосмеситель feed trough – кормушка forage cutter – корморезка
milk pipeline – молокопровод milk tank – цистерна для молока remove v – вынимать, удалять silo n – силосная башня (яма)
Назовите номера предложений, содержащих сказуемое в продолженном времени. Переведите эти предложения.
1.The farmer is in the cowshed now. He is cleaning the feed troughs. 2. Feeds are mixed automatically on that farm. 3. You may go and see how silage is being removed from the silo and transported to the troughs. 4. Digestion of feeds will be increased by grinding grain and cutting forage. 5. Much hand labour was used in animal husbandry twenty or even ten years ago.
Определите функцию слов с окончанием -ing. Переведите их.
1. Better digestion of feeds may be achieved by grinding grain, mixing feed and cutting forage. 2. Cutting forage, farmers increase the feeding value of roughages. 3. Farmers having time clock devices in the poultry houses can feed the chickens automatically at the desired time of the day. 4. Farmers having time clock devices in the poultry houses, the chickens can be fed automatically at the desired time of the day. 5. The farmer is milking his cows now.
3. Определите, к какой части речи относятся выделенные слова. Переведите предложения.
1. Dairy cows require much water to produce milk. 2. When there is too little rainfall farmers water their vegetable crops. 3. Digestion of feeds can be increased by using special machines. 4. I know the farmer who feeds his animals with much grain. 5. Very often farmers plow the soil in the fall in order to have more time for other cultural practices in spring. 6. We know that the first steel plow appeared in America more than 150 years ago.
Исходя из содержания текста А, скажите по-русски: а) что дает механизация в области животноводства; б) какие процессы наиболее полно механизированы в животноводстве. Обоснуйте свои ответы предложениями из текста.
Ответьте на вопросы по-английски.
How is higher productivity achieved? 2. Does mechanization eliminate hand labour? 3. What do silage unloaders do? 4. Is manure collected automatically? 5. What machines increase the feeding value of feeds? 6. What processes are mechanized in poultry breeding?
Занятие 12. ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL BREEDING
1.Повторите глагольные формы с окончанием -ing.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на слова с окончанием -ing (письменно).
1. Raising soil fertility, farmers obtain higher yields. 2. Raising soil fertility results in higher yields. 3. Farmers raising soil fertility obtain higher yields. 4. Farmers raising soil fertility, higher yields may be obtained. 5. Applying cost-accounting makes enterprises more profitable. 6. Applying cost- accounting, the farms become more profitable. 7. The farm «Zarya» is now plowing the soil.
3.Прочитайте текст А и определите предложения из текста, которые напрямую связаны с его названием.
Текст A. ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL BREEDING
For profitable raising of livestock one should select a breed which is adapted to the purpose for which the animals are to be kept. For milk production a dairy breed should be chosen, not a beef breed. Regardless of the breed the livestock farmers choose, they would be most successful if they kept only the best animals. It is known that there are good and poor animals in every breed.
Feeds are known to make up the largest share of the costs in raising livestock. In the production of meat animals, such as hogs, beef cattle and sheep, feed costs amount to about 80 per cent or more of the total expenses. In egg and milk production they amount to half or more of the total costs. Underfeeding, overfeeding, improper combination of feeds, abrupt changes in feeding and irregular feeding are some of the mistakes that may prove to be costly to livestock raisers.
Great changes have occurred in the cattle feeding industry with the arrival of large commercial feedlots which use industrial methods of management, financing and marketing. The aim of feeding in commercial feed- lots is to simplify the feeding process, thus reducing production costs and labour.
Пояснения к тексту
amount to – составляют
may prove (to) – могут оказаться
commercial feedlots – откормочные площадки на промышленной основе
4. Выучите следующие слова
choose (chose, chosen) v – выбирать
costly а – дорогой, дорогостоящий
expenses n – издержки, расходы
finance v – финансировать
overfeed v – перекармливать
underfeed v – недокармливать
5. Назовите русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: animal, livestock, dairy cattle, beef cattle, draft cattle, hog, sheep, poultry, horse, cow, ewe, sow, offspring, litter, ration, forage, pasture, hay, silage, roughage feed, succulent feed, concentrates, protein supplement, straw, bedding, cowshed, sheep-pen, pigsty, care, management, milk, meat, egg, milk yield, manure, age, productivity, to breed, to feed, to keep, to fatten, to take exercise, to gain in weight
6.Назовите номера предложений, где слово с окончанием -ing является: а) причастием I; б) герундием. Переведите предложения.
1.Raising cattle, farmers should make much hay and silage for winter feeding.
2.Farmers raising cattle, much hay and silage for winter feeding must be made.
3.Farmers, raising cattle make much hay and silage for winter feeding.
4. There being good and poor animals in every breed, farmers should select only best animals for rising:
5. Feeding in commercial feedlots reduces production costs and labour.
6. Farmers obtain good price when they are marketing young cattle.
Исходя из содержаний текста А, объясните по-русски, каких животных следует выращивать, чтобы данная отрасль была прибыльной.
Найдите и переведите предложения из текста А, в которых говорится: а) о том, что рекомендуется выращивать только самых лучших животных; б) о том, что составляет основную часть затрат в животноводстве; в) об ошибках животноводов при кормлении; г) об откорме скота на крупных комплексах; д) о цели кормлении на крупных комплексах.
9.Ответьте на вопросы по-английски.
1. What breed should farmers select? 2. What breed should be chosen for milk production? 3. Are there good and poor animals in every breed? 4. Do feeds make up the largest share of the costs in raising livestock? 5. What are the feed costs in the production of meat animals? 6. Do feed costs amount to half of the total costs in milk production? 7. Is over feeding a proper method of feeding animals? 8. What is the aim of feeding in commercial feedlots?
10.Прочитайте текст В и ответьте по-русски на вопросы: 1). О каких потерях говорится в тексте? 2). Что необходимо делать, чтобы избежать этих потерь?
B. LOSS OF FARM ANIMALS
Every animal that dies represents (представлять собой) a loss in feed and labour. For example, every young pig that dies soon (вскоре) after birth represents a loss of about 140 pounds (фунт = 450 грамм) of feed that has been fed to its mother before its birth.
To avoid (избежать) much of this loss farmers are to provide proper care and management of their animals. At present usually separate buildings are provided for every kind of livestock such as cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry. Buildings for livestock should be planned so as to provide comfort both for the animals kept and for the farmer's work. They should also provide economy (экономия) of costs, economy of labour and durability (прочность).
1.Переведите текст В без дополнительной подготовки.
2.Прочитайте текст С и назовите на иностранном языке факторы, влияющие на развитие животноводства
Текст С. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OFANIMAL HUSBANDRY
There are many factors affecting the development of animal husbandry. Some of them are growth and productivity of different kinds of animals.
Livestock farms are known to require large amounts of feeds. They should be adapted to areas where the necessary feeds can be produced. So, soil and climate are also highly important factors for good development of farm animals. For example, dairy cattle develop best m cool areas. Under such conditions grasses grow well and hay, silage and pastures are produced most economically.
On some livestock and poultry farms automatic machines regulate the microclimate, distribute (распределять) feed and clean farm buildings. That is one more factor affecting the development of animal husbandry.
Литература
1.Т.Ю.Полякова,Е.В.Синявская,О.И. Тынкова,Э.С. Улановская. Английский язык для инженеров.—4-е изд., перераб. и доп.— М.: Высш. шк., 1998.
Англо-русский политехнический словарь/Под редакцией А. Е.Чер-нухина. — М.: Русский язык, 1979.
А. С. Кутькова. Человек — компьютер — будущее: Пособие по английскому языку. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп.— М.: Высш. шк., 1995.
В. Н. Бгашев, Е. Ю. Долматовская. Английский язык для машиностроительных специальностей вузов.— М: Высш. шк., 1990.
5.Т. Ю. Полякова. Английский язык для диалога с компьютером.—М.:Высш. шк., 1998.