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Gymnasium №2
The roots of some Tolkien’s characters.
Tolkien’s view on some events from the Bible
and archaic history.
Name: Yanov Andrey
Teacher: Mordasova L.M.
Voronezh 2004
CONTENTS
I.Introduction
3
II. Body
1. J.R.R.Tolkien: A biographical sketch
a)Tolkien’sbirth
4
b)Tolkien’schildhoodinSouthAfrica 4
c)Tolkien'schildhoodinEngland 4
d)Tolkien'schildhoodfears 4
e)Tolkien'seducationathome 5
f)Tolkien'schildhoodbooks 5
g)Tolkieninelementaryschool 6
h)Tolkienlearnssomephilology 6
i)Tolkien'smotherdies 6
j)Tolkieninhighschool 7
k)TolkieninOxford 7
l)TolkienafterWorldWarII 9
m)Tolkiennow 10
2.TherootsofsomeTolkiencharacters
11
3. Tolkiens view on some events from
TheBibleandarchaichistory 15
III.Conclusion
19
IV.Listofusedliterature 20
V.Appendix 21
Introduction
I have many hobbies and one of them is reading. I like to read. Books liberalize us, and it is just very interesting. My favorite kinds of literature are fantasy, science fiction, myths and historical books. But when I saw the film “The Lord Of The Rings” for the first time, I liked it very much. I realized that there was something unusual in it that attracted me. One day someone told me, that this film is a screen version of the book, written by Tolkien. Then I decided to read the book. And when I read its last page, I realized, that the world, that was described there is very close to me. That is how my keening of Tolkien’s works started. I’ve read the whole “The Lord Of The Rings”, “The Silmarillion”, “The Hobbit Or There And Back Again”, some Tolkien’s poems, such as “Namarie” (which means “farewell” in the “Quenya Lambe” (The Elvish Language)), “Oh, queen beyond the western sees…” and other works. Besides I’ve read “The Biography Of J.R.R.Tolkien”, written by H. Carpenter andmany works of different famous critics devoted to Tolkien. While reading such literature, I understand and realize very interesting ideas of Tolkien, his philosophy, and it is very interesting to know, what things influenced the creation of his characters and his own world that he developed in “The Silmarillion”. And in my work I’m trying to show you just some of those things.
J.R.R.Tolkien: A biographical sketch
Tolkien's birth
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was
born to Mabel Suffield and Arthur Tolkien in
On
When Ronald (J.R.R)'s health
worsened in 1895, the Tolkiens (except for Arthur, who had to stay in order to
wrap up business) left to
On
Tolkien's
childhood in
". . . many
months later, when Ronald was beginning to walk, he stumbled on a tarantula. It
bit him, and he ran in terror across the garden until the nurse snatched him up
and sucked out the poison . . . Nevertheless, in his stories he writes more
than once of monstrous spiders with venomous bites" (Carpenter 14)
|
Ronald with his family in South Africa |
"During the
first year of the boy's life Arthur Tolkien made a small grove of cypresses,
firs and cedars. Perhaps this had something to do with the deep love of trees
that wood that would develop in Ronald" (Carpenter 14)
Tolkien's
childhood in
Since his father (the sole source of money) was dead, J.R.R. and his family went to live with the Suffields (his maternal grandparents).
In the summer of 1896, the
Tolkiens moved out of
Tolkien's childhood fears
"An old farmer who once chased Ronald for picking mushrooms was given the nickname 'The Black Ogre' by the boys . . . they began to pick up something of the local vocabulary, adopting dialect words into their own speech: 'chawl' for a cheek of pork, 'miskin' for dustbin, 'pickelet' for crumpet, and 'gamgee' for cotton wool. (Carpenter 21)
Tolkien's education at home
"Mabel soon
began to educate her sons, and they could have had no better teacher - nor she
an apter pupil than Ronald, who could read by the time he was four and had soon
learnt to write proficiently." (Carpenter 21).
|
Ronald and Hilary |
". . . his
favorite lessons were those that concerned languages. Early in his Sarehole
days, his mother introduced him to the rudiments of Latin, and this delighted
him. He was just as interested in the sounds of the words as their meanings,
and she began to realize that he had a special aptitude for language.
(Carpenter 22).
"His mother taught him a great deal of botany, and he responded to this and soon became very knowledgeable. But again he was more interested in the shape and feel of a plant than in its botanical details. This was especially true of trees. And though he liked drawing trees he liked most of all to be with trees. He would climb them, lean against them, even talk to them." (Carpenter 22)
Tolkien's childhood books
"He was amused by
Tolkien's first experience with grammer
"'I desired dragons with a profound desire,', he said long afterwards. . . . When he was about seven he began to compose his own story about a dragon. 'I remember nothing about it except a philological fact,' he recalled. 'My mother said nothing about the dragon, but pointed out that one could not say 'a green great dragon', but had to say 'a great green dragon'. I wondered why, and still do. The fact that I remember this is possibly significant, as I do not think I ever tried to write a story again for many years, and was taken up with language.'" (Carpenter 24)
Tolkien in elementary school
In September of 1900, J.R.R. Tolkien entered into King Edward's School.
In order to prevent Ronald
from walking several miles between the countryside home and school, the
Tolkiens moved from Sarehole to
Due to school conflicts, Ronald Tolkien was transferred to King Phillip's Academy for a short period.
Tolkien learns some philology
". . . he especially remembered 'the bitter disappointment and disgust from schooldays with the shabby use made in Shakespeare of the coming of 'Great Birnam Wood to high Dunisiane hill'; 'I longed to devise a setting by which the trees might really march to war" (Carpenter 28)
"By inclination, his form-master Brewerton was a medievalist . . . if a boy employed the term 'manure' Brewerton would roar out: 'Manure? Call it muck! Say it three times! Muck, muck muck!'. He encouraged his students to read Chaucer, and he recited the Canterbury Tales to them in the original Middle English. To Ronald Tolkien's ears, this was a revelation, and he determined to learn more about the history of the language." (Carpenter 28)
Tolkien's mother dies
"The New Year [1904] did not begin well. Ronald and Hilary were confined to bed with measles followed by whooping-cough, and in Hilary's case by pneumonia. The addition strain of nursing them proved too much for their mother, and as she feard it proved 'impossible to go on'. By April 1904 she was in hospital, and her condition was diagnosed as diabetes." (Carpenter 29)
"At the beginning of November 1904, she sank into a diabetic coma, and six days later, on November 14, she died." (Carpenter 30)
". . . Perhaps his mother's death also had a cementing effect on his study of languages. It was she, after all, who had been his first teacher and who had encouraged him to take an interest in words. Now that she was gone he would pursue that path relentlessly. And certainly the loss of his mother had a profound effect on his personality. It made him into a pessimist . . . Nothing was safe. Nothing would last. No battle would be won for ever." (Carpenter 31)
Related to philosophy of THE
LORD OF THE RINGS: Middle-Earth is never, ever free from evil. The Simillirion
states that Middle-Earth is destroyed and all live in Valinor (quasi
Middle-Earth) after the death of Morgroth (by
Tolkien lives with his mother's aunt-in-law (in urban Edgbaston) along with his brother Hillary.
"His feelings towards the rural landscape, already sharp from the earlier severance that had taken him from Sarehole, now become emotionally charged with personal bereavement. This love for the memory of the countryside of his youth was later to become a central part of his writing, and it was intimately bound up with his love for the memory of his mother." (Carpenter 32-3)
Tolkien in high school
"Headmaster
Gilson also encouraged his pupils to make a detailed study of classical
linguistics. This was entirely in keeping with Tolkien's inclinations; and,
partly as a result in the general principles of language" (Carpenter 34)
|
Ronald in student years |
"It was one
thing to know Latin, Greek, French, and German; it was another to understand
why they were what they were. Tolkien had started to look for the bones, the
elements that were common to them all: he had begun, in fact, to study
philology, the science of words." (Carpenter 34)
Tolkien studies all languages (Studies Chaucer, Beowulf, Old Norse, Gothic)
"He continued
his search for the 'bones' behind all these languages, rummaging in the school
library and exploring the remoter shelves of Cornish's bookshop down the road.
Eventually he began to find - and to scrape enough money to buy - German books
on philology that were 'dry-as-dust' but which could provide the answers to his
questions. Philology: 'the love of words'. For that was what motivated him. It was
not an arid interest in the scientific principles of language; it was a deep
love for the look and sound of words, springing from the days when his mother
had given him his first Latin lessons . . . And as a result of this love of
words, he had started to invent his own words" (Carpenter 35) Tolkien
begins to (at age 14) to create his own languages, namely 'Nevbosh', a language
filled with Gothic and Norse words.
|
Edith Bratt |
1908 - Tolkien falls in
love with Edith Bratt
1911 -Tolkien starts the Tea Club
and goes to
Tolkien in
In 1911 Tolkien entered Exeter College of Oxford. There he started writing (poem 'Wood-sunshine'), modeled after several different authors.
"In 'Wood-sunshine' there is a distinct resemblance to an episode in the first part of Thompson's 'Sister Songs' where the poet sees first a single elf and then a swarm of woodland sprites in the glade; when he moves, they vanish . . ." (Carpenter 48)
"Being taught by Joe Wright, Tolkien managed to find books of medieval Welsh, and he began to read the language that had fascinated him since he saw a few words of it on coal-trucks. He was not disappointed; indeed he was confirmed in all his expectations of beauty. Beauty: that was what pleased him in Welsh; the appearance and sound of the words almost irrespective of their meaning. He once said: 'Most English-speaking people, for instance, will admit that cellar door is 'beautiful', especially if disassociated from its sense (and its spelling). More beautiful than, say sky, and far more beautiful than beautiful'." (Carpenter 56-7)
Tolkien starts advanced languages (new): "He abandoned neo-Gothic and began to create a private language that was heavily influenced by Finnish. This was the language that would eventually emerge in his stories as 'Quenya' or High-elven. That would not happen for many years; yet already a seed of what was to come was germinating in his mind" (Carpenter 59)
1913 - Tolkien graduates from three-year program with second-class honors and proceeds to study philology in graduate school.
At the same period Tolkien reads Cynewulf - "'I felt a curious thrill,' he wrote long afterwards, 'as if something had stirred in me, half wakened from sleep. There was something very remote and strange and beautiful behind those words, if I could grasp it, far beyond ancient English'." (Carpenter 64) Tolkien reads the Völuspa - "The most remarkable of all Germanic-mythological poems, it dates from the very end of Norse heathendom, when Christianity was taking the place of the old gods; yet it imparts a sense of living myth, a feeling of awe and mystery, in its representation of a pagan cosmos. It had a profound appeal to Tolkien's imagination" (Carpenter 65) Tolkien sees Edith again (he was previously banned to see him by Father Francis, his guardian)
Tolkien reads Morris (NOTE: Mirkwood is the name of the great Necromancer's forest in The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings trilogy) "Written partly in prose and partly in verse, [Morris's book] centers on a House or family-tribe that dwells by a great river in a clearing of the forest named Mirkwood, a name taken from ancient Germanic geography and legend. Many elements in the story seem to have impressed Tolkien. It's style is highly idiosyncratic, heavily laden with archaisms and poetic inversions in an attempt to recreate the aura of ancient legend. Clearly Tolkien took not of this, and it would seem that he also appreciated another facet of the writing: Morris' aptitude, despite the vagueness of time and place in which the story is set, for describing with great precision the details of his imagined landscape. Tolkien himself was to follow Morris' example in later year." [Carpenter 70]
In the same year Tolkien
visits
Tolkien begins to create works with Quentya (language of the high-elves): "He had been working for some time at the language that was influenced by Finish, and by 1915 he had developed it to a degree of some complexity. He felt that it was 'a mad hobby', and he scarcely expected to find an audience for it. But he sometimes wrote poems n it, and the more he worked at it the more he felt that it needed a 'history' to support it. In other words, you cannot have a language without a race of people to speak it. He was perfecting the language; now he had to decide to whom it belonged." [Carpenter 75]
Tolkien creates
Valinor [Land of the Gods in the Silmarillion] "This, he decided, was the
language by the fairies or elves whom Earendel saw during his strange voyage.
He began work on a 'Lay of Earendel' that described the mariner's journeying
across the world before his ship became a star. The Lay was to be divided into
several poems, and the first of these, 'The shores of Faery', tells of the
mysterious
|
Ronald in army |
1916 - Tolkien
marries Edith, continues war, and gets to know soldiers [Tolkien is an
officer]. All of Tolkien's friends die [except C.S. Lewis]
Tolkien after World War II
Continuing the last wishes of the T.B.C.S (the society he had founded with his friends at St. Edwards), Tolkien decides to create a whole society.
[Founding precepts
of the LOTR] " 'I [Tolkien] had a mind to make a body of more or less
connected legend, ranging from the large and cosmogonic to the level of
romantic fairy-story - the larger founded on the lesser in contact with the
earth, the lesser drawing splendor from the vast backcloths - which I could
dedicate simply: to England; to my country. It could possess the tone and
quality that I desired, somewhat cool and clear, be redolent of our 'air' (the
clime and soil of the North West, meaning Britain and the hither parts of
Europe; not Italy or the Aegean, still less the East), and, while possessing
(if I could achieve it) the fair elusive beauty that some call Celtic (though
it is rarely found in genuine ancient Celtic things), it should be 'high',
purged of the gross, and fit for the more adult mind of a land long steeped in
poetry, I would draw some of the great tales in fullness, and leave many only
placed in the scheme, and sketched. The cycles should be linked to a majestic
whole, and yet leave scope for other minds and hands, wielding paint and music
and drama" [Carpenter 90] [Researching, not inventing] "When he wrote
The Silmarillion Tolkien believed that in one sense he was writing the truth.
He did not suppose that precisely such peoples as he described, 'elves',
'dwarves', and malevolent 'orcs', had walked the earth and done the deeds that
he recorded. But he did feel, or hope, that his stories were in some sense an
embodiment of a profound truth . . . Tolkien believed that he was doing more
than inventing a story. He wrote of the tales that make up the book: 'They
arose in my mind as 'given' things, and as they came, separately, so too the
links grew . . . yet always I had the sense of recording what was already
'there', somewhere: not of 'inventing'." [Carpenter 91-2]
|
Prosessor J.R.R.Tolkien |
Influences from
language: "As to the names of persons and places in 'The Fall of Gondolin'
and the other stories in The Silmarillion, they were constructed from Tolkien's
invented languages. Since the existence of these languages was a raison
d'être for the whole mythology, it is not surprising that he devoted a
good deal of attention to the business of making up names from them"
Tolkien creates Sindarin, precursor to Quentya
[Development of 'what is real?'] "As the years went by he came more and more to regard his own invented languages and stories as 'real' languages and historical chronicles that needed to be elucidated. In other words, when in this mood he did not say of an apparent contradiction in the narrative or an unsatisfactory name: 'This is not as I wish it to be; I must change it.' Instead he would approach the problem with the attitude: 'What does this mean? I must find about." [Carpenter 94]
On the 16 of November 1917 Tolkien gets a son and writes story of Luthien & Beren
1918 - Tolkien gets job in the OED (Oxford English Dictionary)
1920 - Tolkien gets a
professorship at
In October of 1920 Tolkien gets second son.
Tolkien writes poems:
"Another, 'The Dragon's Visits', describes the ravages of a dragon who
arrives at
1924 - Tolkien gets a third son Christopher.
1925 - Tolkien becomes a
professor of Anglo-Saxon at
1929 - Tolkien gets a daughter
Tolkien now
[Tolkien's Workplace]
"The shelves are crammed with dictionaries, works on etymology and
philology, and editions of texts in many languages, predominant among which are
Old and Middle English and Old Norse; but there is also a section devoted to
translations of The Lord of the Rings into Polish, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, and
Japanese; and the map of his invented 'Middle-Earth' is pinned to the window -
ledge." (Carpenter 4) [Tolkien's view of The Lord of the Rings] "He
explains it all in great detail, talking about his book not as a work of
fiction but as a chronicle of actual events; he seems to see himself not as an
author who has made a slight error that must now be corrected or explained
away, but as a historian who must cast light on an obscurity in an historical
document." [Tolkien's Voice] "He has a strange voice, deep but
without resonance, entirely English but with some quality in it I cannot
define, as if he had come from another age or civilization" (Carpenter 5)
The roots of some Tolkien characters
Gandalf
|
Gandalf the Grey |
While reading “The
Hobbit” and “The Lord Of The Rings” you will meat such character as Gandalf. He
is a magician (or Istary in the “The
Silmarillion”). And like all magicians he wears a long, thick, grey (or white)
beard, a big cone-shaped hat with wide fields and a wide grey raincoat. This
character owes with his existence to Tolkien’s trip to
Sam Gamgee
Sam Gamgee is a
hobbit (It tells us many things). He is the best friend of Frodo and besides
that, he is Frodo’s gardener. He is very brave, bonhomous, kind, but careless
and light-hearted, and, as all hobbits, he likes to eat very much. It is very
interesting, that the word “gamgee” can be translated from one of the English
dialects as cotton wool and besides that, it was a surname of a doctor, who had
invented 'gamgee-tissue', a surgical dressing made from cotton wool. But the
real character ofSam was copied from
the character ofthe mere english
soldier of the war of 1914. You already now from the biographical sketch that
Tolkien took part in that war. He
battled on the front line in
Hobbits
Hobbits is a people
of Halflings. They live in holes. They are very short, practical, strait-laced and they like tasty food most of all things in
the world.These creatures were created by J.R.R.Tolkien.
He was the first, who used them in his books. There are two versions about the
origin of the word “hobbit”. V.A. Muravjov keeps one of them. He wrote in his entrance to “The Lord Of The Rings”, that the world
“hobbit” is a mixture of latin word “homo”, which means “human” and english
word “rabbit”. But Humphrey Carpenter explained the origin of this word in a
different way. In his “The biography of J.R.R.Tolkien” he wrote, that in his youth
Tolkien read the book “Babbit” by Sincler Luis and it influensed him very much.
Carpenter shows us the resemblance of the personality
of Babbit and Bilbo Baggins, the main character of Tolkien’s book “The hobbit
or there and back again”. Tolkien himself told in one of his interview, that
his hobbits have no even a hint on rabbits. That is why I can say, that the
second version about the origin of the word “hobbit” is more correct.
The Shire
|
Hobbits hole inside |
|
The Shire |
The Shire is a
country of hobbits. But it also has its roots. From the biographical sketch we
know, that four best years of his childhood Tolkien spent in the Trees and ents
|
Ent Treebeard |
All his life Tolkien
loved trees. In his childhood he dreamed, they could have mind, speak to each other and even move. And
his dream came true as we can see it in his works (mostly in “The Silmarillion”
and “The Lord Of The Rings”). When professor created reasonable
trees, he desided to creat someone, who will look after them. That is how ents
appeared. Ents look like trees, but they more reasonable, more movable and of
course they are immortal. They are not fidgety, but very wise. Their speech is
very slow and calm. Its manner (“Hrum, Hoom”) was copied with the deep bass of Luis,
the best friend of J.R.R.Tolkien.
The elves
|
The elven virgo Galadriel |
The
elves in their appearance, whom we can see in the books of Tolkien were also
mostly created by him. The roots of these characters are very ramified.
Professor read a lot of information about all kinds of elves and finding
something general tried to create something new. Finally he got immortal
creatures, who can be killed only with a sword or they can pine away to death.
They are tall, have perfect eyesight, bright hair and brave harts. They are
wise, because of the memory they keep in their immortal mind. But elves
themselves estimate their immortality as end-around infinity of analogical
events, which exhaust and oppress them. But they have a dream to return to
Valinor, country, where their immortality wont be so hard and difficult.
Lutien
Lutien Tinuviel (“Tinuviel” could be translated from Quenya as “nightingale”) is the most beautiful elven virgo in the whole Arda (The Earth). One day she was singing the hymn to Varda in the forest:
Ir Ithil ammen Eruchin (When the Moon is for us, the children of Eru,
Menel-vir sila diriel Like sky precious stone shines and saves,
Si loth a galadh lasto din! Let the flower and the tree listen in silence!
A hir Annun gilthoniel Oh, queen of the West, which light the stars,
Le linnon im Tinuviel! I sing to you, it’s me, Tinuviel.)
Beren, the bravest warrior herd this sounds
and loved Lutirn in a moment. But he was mortal and she was an elf. That is why
they could not be together. But their love was so strong, that Lutien managed
to ask the goddess Varda to help them. And Varda helped them, so Lutien became
mortal and shared the destiny of her sweetheart.
|
Shelob
Shelob is a brainchild of Ungoliant, a jumbo spider with a beak, pincers and bottomless stomach. Ungoliant is the evil and concentrated darkness. She terminated the Two Great Trees Telperion and Laurelin and deprived the world frome the light that give life.
Shelob is smaller
then her mother, but she is even more cruel and always hungry. This creature
lives in a lair on the border of Mordor
(the
In his early
childhood, being in
“She”+”lob” is a quite wide-spread model of forming words, like female animals. For example “she-goat” or “she-wolf”. In this case words should be written with hyphen. Tolkien took hyphen away and used the received word as the name of his creature. It looks rather horribly, isn’t it?
Tolkiens view on some events from
The Bible and archaic history
The crash of the Lamps
|
The spring of Arda |
In the beginning of ages in “The spring of Arda” (“Arda” means “The Earth”) there was no
light at all. The Earth was bare: no trees, no plants, no animals. The Valar saw, that there was a need of
the light. And then “Aule at the prayer
of Yavanna wrought two mighty lamps for the lighting of the Middle-earth which
he had built amid the encircling seas. Then Varda filled the lamps and Manwe
hallowed them, and the Valar set them upon high pillars, more lofty far than
are any mountains of the later days. One lamp they raised near to the north of
Middle-earth, and it was named Illuin; and the other was raised in the south,
and it was named Ormal; and the light of the Lamps of the Valar flowed out over
the Earth, so that all was lit as it were in a changeless day.” And then
plants and trees began to grow. And Arda filled with different animals and
creatures. But when Morgoth (the lord
of darkness and evil) saw the fragrance of Arda in
his anger he decided to destroy this all. He built an unshakable citadel in Utumno
and concentrated all his dark forces there. His power grew and he started the
war. He made his stroke when the Valar where not prepared. “He assailed the
lights of Illuin and Ormal, and cast down their pillars and broke their lamps.
In the overthrow of the mighty pillars lands were broken and seas arose in
tumult; and when the lamps were spilled destroying flame was poured out over
the Earth. And the shape of Arda and the symmetry of its waters and its lands
was marred in that time, so that the first designs of the Valar were never
after restored.”
See, how gracefully professor Tolkien handled the legend of the ruin of dinosaurs and the fall of a giant asteroid which destroyed everything on earth! Isn’t he a genius?
The fall of Beleriand
It was the end of
the first age of Arda. The forth battle of Beleriand against Morgoth
and Sauron (the “right arm” of
Morgoth) finished with a defeat of the forces of the light, the armies of men,
elves and dwarves. And the only hope of the light was Earendel, the man, who dared to try to find Valinor and ask the Valar
for help (men never were in Valinor and they where forbidden to go there). He
sailed so 
long, and he was so
tired, that he thought to turn back. But suddenly he saw a big white bird like
a white cloud under the see. There was a shining silmarill on her bosom. The bird flew on Earendels ship and he saw,
that it was his wife, Elwing. Together
they continued their sail and the silmarill lighted their way to
|
The map of Beleriand |
Valinor. When the
Valar saw the bravery of this man and his wife (by the way, she was an elf),
the understood, there is something in Middle-Earth, they must save. That is how
the fifth and the final battle for Beleriand started.
This battle was named The War of Wrath. The Valar, with the power of their fire of anger terminated Angband (the citadel of Morgoth), they knocked Morgoth down and numbed him with the chain of Angoinor. Sauron was forgiven and turned into light, he became Majar again, as he was before Morgoth tempted him.
But in theirdestructive anger, the Valar didn’t even noticed, that they had destroyed the Beleriand. Many of Elves where save and settled in Imladrise, Lothlorien and Mirkwood. But Beleriand was swallowed by the See and no one could ever see its beauty: “Thus an end was made of the power of Angband in the North, and' the evil realm was brought to naught; and out of the deep prisons a multitude of slaves came forth beyond all hope into the light of day, and they looked upon a world that was changed. For so great was the fury of those adversaries that the northern regions of the western world were rent asunder, and the sea roared in through many chasms, and there was confusion and great noise; and rivers perished or found new paths, and the valleys were upheaved and the hills trod down…”
Critics say, that this story is the Tolkiens view on the legend about Atlantis. Who knows, maybe it was really so…
The fall of Numenor
In the end of the second age of Arda after the War of Wrath and the fall of Beleriand the Valar opened a new land for elected genders of men. It was an island. And it didn’t belong neither to Middle-Earth nor to Valinor (the country of the Valar). The Valar decorated it with gardens, fountains and flowers from Valinor. And this land was named Numenor (The Western Land).
The life of the inhabitants of Numenor was very long – near 300 years. But they still stayed mortal men. Hundreds of years passed and their discontent about their mortality grew. They began to murmur on the Valar: “Why didn’t they give us eternity, if they love us so much? They told us, they could not. Maybe, they just don’t want to?” But the Valar really couldn’t deprive men from death, the Eru’s gift (Eru – the one, who create the Valar and Arda, elves and men and everything), just because they couldn’t understand it.
|
The map of Numenor |
And exactly in this
moment, when the faith of men staggered, Sauron, who betrayed the Valar and
turned in the Darkness again, made his stroke. He tempted men and directed them
against the Valar. Finally the king of men concentrated all his forces and
threw his giant army against the Valar. Eru saw this and made abyss to swallow this
army and the isle of Numenor and men and Sauron: “But Iluvatar (the other name of Eru) showed forth his power, and he changed the fashion of the world; and a
great chasm opened in the sea between Numenor and the Deathless Lands, and the
waters flowed down into it, and the noise and smoke of the cataracts went up to
heaven, and the world was shaken. And all the fleets of the Numenoreans were
drawn down into the abyss, and they were drowned and swallowed up for ever.”
“There came a mighty wind and a tumult of the earth, and the sky reeled, and the hills slid, and Numenor went down into the sea, with all its children and its wives and its maidens and its ladies proud; and all its gardens and its balls and its towers, its tombs and its riches, and its jewels and its webs and its things painted and carven, and its lore: they vanished for ever. And last of all the mounting wave, green and cold and plumed with foam, climbing over the land…” And the world has changed.
Only those who stayed faithful to the Valar was reminded about forthcoming cataclysm. They sailed to Middle-earth on ships and founded several kingdoms their: Gondor, Arnor and Eriador…
This legend intertwines with the Bible Great Flood. As in the Bible we can see the sin of men and retribution for it. As in the Bible water swallowed the sinners. And as in the bible there are some people, who stayed faithful and who was saved and prized for their faith.
How the world changed
When Eru punished men in Numenor and destroyed the island, he changed
the whole world as well: “But
the
Before the fall of
Numenor the Earth was flat, but Eru changed her:
“Thus in after days, what by the voyages of ships, what by lore and star-craft, the kings of Men knew that the world was indeed made round”
By this episode Tolkien managed to conciliate two archaic theories about the form of our planet. He intended that at first the Earth was flat and then changed its form. Of course it is just a myth, but who knows, maybe it was really so…
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The Change of the world |
About wars
In “The
Silmarillion”, in “The Lord Of The Rings” and even in “The Hobbit” we can see
wars. In his works Tolkien shows us real war with its blood, pain and cruelty.
Why does he pay so much attention to War? The answer is simple. In 1916 he was
in army and took part in the battle of the
Conclusion
Well, I think, that now, when I have studied many reasons and roots of different characters of “The Silmarillion”, “The Hobbit” and “The Lord Of The Rings”, I understood Tolkiens philosophy and his views on things a little bit deeper. But the views of the Professor on such events, as I have mentioned in my work, can’t be named allegory, because Tolkien himself always declined the presence of any kind of allegory in his books. But the method of his viewing can be called “myth-poetical method”. In his “The Silmarillion” and “The Lord Of The Rings” we can see all sings of myth-poetical space, which makes the book fantastic, historical, mythable, poetical and very informative. Besides, “The Lord Of The Rings” is very real and vital. And there is no such question for me, on which I couldn’t find an answer in it.
Well, to my mind, my own experience in the sphere of
literature, tolkienism and just life experience is enough to advise you to read
this book. I think, after such reading, you wouldn’t forget it!
List of used
literature
1.J.R.R.Tolkien “The Silmarillion”
2.J.R.R.Tolkien “The Lord Of The Rings”
3.J.R.R.Tolkien “The Hobbit or There And Back Again”
4.J.R.R.Tolkien“The appendix to “The Lord Of The Rings”
5.V. Muraviov an introductory article to “The Hobbit”
6.H. Carpenter “The biography of J.R.R. Tolkien”
7.Pictures by J.R.R.Tolkien, Karen Wynn Fonstad, Patrick Wynne and frames from the film “The Lord Of The Rings” by Peter Jackson.
Appendix
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“The door of Moria” by J.R.R.Tolkien |
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Elvish and runic scripts made by J.R.R.Tolkien |
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The Monogram of J.R.R.Tolkien |
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Ronald and Edith Tolkien |
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Professor Tolkien |
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The last photo of J.R.R.Tolkien |
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The tomb of Edith Mary Tolkien (Lutien)and John Ronald Ruel Tolkien (Beren) |
