Презентация по английскому языку на тему Внешний и внутренний вид автомобиля

external and internal type of the car Components of the Automobile.The automobile is made up of three basic parts: the power plant, or the engine, the chassis and the body.The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes fuel, cooling, lubricating and electric systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders. The chassis includes a power train (power transmission), a running gear, steering and braking systems as well. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels.The power transmission, in turn, contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, final drive, differential, real axle shafts. The running gear consists of a frame with axles, wheels and springs.The body has a hood, fenders and accessories: the heater, stereo tape recorder, windshield wipers, conditioner, speedometer and so on. After graduating from the college I shall become a technician.I shall deal with manufacturing cars.The production of the automobile comprises five phases, such as: designing, working out the technology of manufacturing processes, laboratory tests, road tests, mass production.The automobile of must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and be stable on the road.the automobile must meet up-to-date demands, that is, it must have rapid acceleration, smooth-acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable braking and steering systems, dependable ignition system.Before the car is put into mass-production it must be subjected to laboratory and road test.Technicians should know the technology of manufacturing processes. Principle of a Four-Stroke Petrol Engine Operation An internal combustion engine is called so because fuel is burned directly inside the engine itself. Most automobile engines work on a 4-stroke cycle. A cycle is one complete sequence of 4 strokes of the piston in the cylinder. The operation cycle of the four-stroke petrol engine includes : inlet stroke ( intake valve opens), compression stroke, power stroke (both valves are closed), exhaust stroke. To describe the complete cycle , let us assume that the piston is at the top of the stroke and the inlet valve , as well as the exhaust valve, is closed.. When the piston moves down the inlet valve opens to intake a charge of fuel into the cylinder. This is called the inlet or intake stroke. On reaching the lowest position the piston begins to move upwards into the closed upper part of the cylinder, the inlet valve is closed, and the mixture is compressed by the rising piston. This is called the compression stroke. As the piston again reaches the TDC, the spark plugs ignite the mixture, both valves being closed during its combustion. As a result , the gases expand and a great pressure makes the piston move back down the cylinder. This stroke is called the power stroke. When the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve is opened, pressure is released, and the piston again rises. It lets the burnt gas flow through the exhaust valve into the atmosphere. This is called the exhaust stroke, with completes the cycle. So the piston moves in the cylinder down (intake stroke), up (compression stroke), again down( power stroke) and again up (exhaust stroke). The heat released by the fuel is transformed into work, so that the reciprocation movement of the pistons is converted into rotary moments of a crankshaft by means of connecting rods.