Проект учащихся по теме Загрязнение воды в Санкт-Петербурге
Адмиралтейский район Санкт-Петербург
ГБОУ СОШ №266
VIII районная научно-практическая конференция старшеклассников
Адмиралтейского района г. Санкт-Петербург
«Лабиринты Науки»
Секция «Английский язык»
Загрязнение воды в Санкт-Петербурге
Выполнили учащиеся Войцицкая Александра, Синельщикова Валерия
10 класс, школа№266
Учитель-консультант Новицкая Татьяна Викторовна
Санкт-Петербург
2016
Тезисы работы
Выполнили учащиеся
Войцицкая Александра, Синельщикова Валерия 10 класс, школа№266
Учитель-консультант: Новицкая Татьяна Викторовна
Тема работы «Загрязнение воды в Санкт-Петербурге»
Water Pollution in Saint-Petersburg
Saint-Petersburg is situated in north-western Russia at the outfall of the Neva River at the East end of the Gulf of Finland. There are a number of ecological problems in Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region. Each one has its own reasons and its own solutions.
However, the reality proves that there exist the most common problems that must be resolved immediately. On the basis of expert surveys and environmental forecasts the following priorities can be set. The condition of environment is judged by the level of air and water pollution, collection and utilization of wastes, condition of the soil and verdure and some other factors. 5 most polluted areas around St. Petersburg are Vyborgsky, Vsevolozhsky, Kingiseppsky, Tikhvinsky and Slantsevsky.
The fresh water resources of St. Petersburg come from Leningrad region. The city is never short of water as Leningrad region is abundant in fresh water. There are over 1800 lakes, around 93 rivers and canals, the total length of which is over 221000 km. The fresh water resources of Leningrad region are evaluated to about 1280 cubic meters. The water is acceptable for drinking and technical needs. Ladoga Lake, the biggest fresh water reservoir, is being polluted with wasted water from plants. About 400 million cubic meters of polluted water per year are poured into the lake .The level of pollution of the Neva flowing from Ladoga is moderate. However, in the last year there has been a degradation of water quality in Neva.
The soil often soaking with harmful impurities becomes the reason of pollution. Through the soil impurities reach underground drinking water reservoirs. In the period June 29-July 4 2011 Green Peace specialists tested water in the Neva, Okhta, Okkerville, Slavianka, Izhora, Karpovka rivers.
This short overview of facts clearly shows that water ecology must be seriously addressed by the society to provide for healthy and safe live conditions in our beautiful city.
Рецензия
Тема выступления: «Загрязнение воды в Санкт-Петербурге»
Авторы: ученики 10 класса ГБОУ СОШ №266 с углубленным изучением французского языка, Санкт-Петербург, Войцицкая Александра и Синельщикова Валерия, презентация ученика 10 класса Сабрукова Алдара.
Руководитель: учитель английского языка ГБОУ СОШ №266 Новицкая Татьяна Викторовна
Water Pollution in Saint-Petersburg
The project is done within the course of English of the 10th form. The theme of the work was chosen by pupils while studying the school topic «Environmental Protection»
The material was selected and systematized by the authors according to the recommendations for writing creative works and counseling with the supervisor. The structure and contents of this work is the result of cooperative activity of the pupils and their supervisor.
The purpose of the project was to show and analyze the environmental problems in Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region. The pupils tried to find information about water pollution in our region and ways of protection the ecology.
The pupils found all information by themselves and illustrated in the presentation. In the research work it was necessary to use and analyze some books and Internet resources.
This work can be helpful at the lessons of Geography, Biology, and Chemistry and can be used at the lessons of English accompanied by presentation.
The teacher of English: Sterligova I.A.
Contents
Introduction -The water treasures of Saint-Petersburg……………..5
Main Body -Ecological Problems………………………………………………..6-7
-Tests of Water………………………………………………………..8-11
Conclusion -Water Ecology in Saint-Petersburg………………………….12
Resources…………………………………………………………………………………..13
Water Pollution in Saint-Petersburg
“We never know the worth of water till the well is dry”
Thomas Fuller, English historian
Introduction
Saint-Petersburg is one of the world’s most beautiful cities and one of the most important cultural centers in Europe. It is also called the “Northern capital of Russia”, the “Window of Europe” and the “Venice of the North”.
Saint-Petersburg is situated in north-western Russia at the outfall of the Neva River at the East end of the Gulf of Finland. This is the city with a lot of canals and rivers (around 93), surrounded by unusually beautiful panoramic views, that certainly justified the name “Venice of the north”.
The water treasures of Saint-Petersburg stands out at any comparison, as no city of the world can be proud of the river, similar to Neva. The distance from a source up to a mouth of Neva directly is 45 km. Thus, Neva is not only large, but even a medium-size river, regarding its length But its carries as much waters, as Dnepr and Don together-about 80 km3 annually. Despite of very small length, Neva has rather significant on the area pool: it includes about 50000 lakes. Except for them are such the giants, as Ladoga, the largest in Europe, and Onega. Neva has 26 inflows, the main of which are Ijora, Tosna, Mga, Ohta, and Black river.
Main Body
Ecological problems
There are a number of ecological problems in Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region. Each one has its own reasons and its own solutions. However, the reality proves that there exist the most common problems that must be resolved immediately. On the basis of expert surveys and environmental forecasts the following priorities can be set. The condition of environment is judged by the level of air and water pollution, collection and utilization of wastes, condition of the soil and verdure and some other factors. 5 most polluted areas around St. Petersburg are Vyborgsky, Vsevolozhsky, Kingiseppsky, Tikhvinsky and Slantsevsky.
The fresh water resources of St. Petersburg come from Leningrad region. The city is never short of water as Leningrad region is abundant in fresh water. There are over 1800 lakes, around 93 rivers and canals, the total length of which is over 221000 km. The fresh water resources of Leningrad region are evaluated to about 1280 cubic meters. The water is acceptable for drinking and technical needs.
Museum of Water was opened 28th May 2003. It’s easy to see where the concept for this museum came from. According to Peter the Great’s plans for the city, it was specially water that would join city of Saint-Petersburg with Europe and, by filling its canal, turn this marshy site into the “Venice of North”. Saint-Petersburg’s Museum of Water is located in a former water-tower, and was presented to the city by the monopoly “Vodokanal” as part of the 300th Anniversary celebrations. The water-tower, built in 1860 by Ivan Merts and Ernest Shubersky, was the first in Saint-Petersburg and marked the start of a proper water supply to the city, and now is houses a unique museum that uses the latest exhibitions technology.
“Vodokanal”- Saint-Petersburg’s water company and supplier-claim the water is safe to drink, and probably it is. However, the problem lies in the water’s transportation to its consumers. The network of pipes delivering the “drinkable” water is very old and often eroded introducing many impurities.
Ladoga Lake, the biggest fresh water reservoir, is being polluted with wasted water from plants. About 400 million cubic meters of polluted water per year is poured into the lake of Ladoga, and about 1400 million cubic meters of polluted water are poured into the lake’s catchment basin. The pollution of the lake has led to emergence of blue-green algae emitting dangerous toxins. The level of pollution of the Neva flowing from Ladoga is moderate. However, in the last year there has been a degradation of water quality in Neva.
When the Neva water reaches the Gulf of Finland its quality becomes much worse as in the last 24 hours on its way from lake it has passed the plants’ waste water outlets. The quality of water has negative impact on the resort zones along the shores of the Gulf of Finland. The Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea are badly polluted. Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region seriously contribute to this process with its wasted water outlets.
For the last 2 years the Bezimiannay Lake beach remains the only beach certified sanitationwise. Other 24 beaches including the Peter-and Paul beach are recognized to be unacceptable.
Tests of water
The soil often soaking with harmful impurities becomes the reason of pollution. Through the soil impurities reach underground drinking water reservoirs. In the period June 29-July 4 2011 Green Peace specialists tested water in the Neva, Okhta, Okkerville, Slavianka, Izhora, Karpovka rivers.9 tests were collected in various places. All tests contained toxic elements such as quicksilver, oil, lead, chloroform and others. In November the tests were repeated, unfortunately the picture was even worse.
Sample 10-3 analysis results /greenpeace.org
May 2010
Slavyanka River (Neva tributary) located on the right shore of the river.
Analyses were made in the Center for research and water control located in St. Petersburg. Comparison of the compounds identified with the maximum permissible levels for fisheries water bodies are given in the table below.
№ Compound Concentration, mg/l Maximum permissible levels, times
1 Copper 0,022 22
2 Lead 0,0084 1,4
3 Mercury 0,000059 5,9
4 Phenols 0,0012 1,2
5 Dibythilphtalate 0,0022 2,2
Sample 10-2 analyses results
May 2010
Slavyanka River (Neva tributary) located on the left shore of the river. Pipe can easily be identified because of summer house built on top of it.
Analyses were made in the Center for research and water control located in St. Petersburg. Comparison of the compounds identified with the maximum permissible levels for fisheries water bodies are given in the table below.
№ Compound Concentration, mg/l Maximum permissible levels, times
1 Copper 0,012 12
2 Selenium 0,0072 3,6
3 Mercury 0,000012 1,2
4 Phenols 0,0028 2,8
5 Dibythilphtalate 0,0012 1,2
Sample 10-7 analyses results
May 2010
Sample was taken on the 04th of May 2010 from the underwater wastewater discharge belongs to the waste water treatment company of St. Petersburg – Vodokanal of St. Petersburg and located on Vyborgskaya embankment of Neva river in St. Petersburg.
Analyses were made in the Center for research and water control located in St. Petersburg. Comparison of the compounds identified with the maximum permissible levels for fisheries water bodies are given in the table below.
№ Compound Concentration, mg/l Maximum permissible levels, times
1 Copper 0,094 94
2 Selene 0,0072 3,6
3 Phenols 0,017 17
4 Carbon tetrachloride 0,015 15
5 Dibythilphatalate 0,0046 4,6
6 Oil products 19 380
7 Lead 0,022 3,7
8 Nickel 0,024 2,4
Sample 10-9 analyses results
May 2010
Sample was taken on the 04th of May 2010 from the wastewater discharge collector # VO-69 to river Okhta (Neva river tributary) located next to Umanskiy pereulok and Shousse of Revolution. Collector belongs to Vodokanal of St. Petersburg.
Analyses were made in the Center for research and water control located in St. Petersburg. Comparison of the compounds identified with the maximum permissible levels for fisheries water bodies are given in the table below.
№ Compound Concentration, mg/l Maximum permissible levels, times
1 Copper 0,018 18
2 Phenols 0,023 23
3 Carbon tetrachloride 0,02 20
4 Dibythilphtalate 0,0062 6,2
5 Oil products 1,6 32
6 Lead 0,0069 1,15
Sample 10-5 analyses results
May 2010
Sample was taken on the 08th of May 2010 from the surface waters of the Neva bay of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea next to the location of underwater discharge belongs to the Central aeration station of Vodokanal of St. Petersburg
Analyses were made in the Center for research and water control located in St. Petersburg. Comparison of the compounds identified with the maximum permissible levels for fisheries water bodies are given in the table below.
№ Compound Concentration, mg/l Maximum permissible levels, times
1 Copper 0,003 3
2 Dibythilphatalate 0,0017 1,7
In the sample was also identified in concentrations below maximum permissible levels: anionic surfactants, nickel, bromophorm, diethylhexilphtalate, carbon tetrachloride.
Sample 10-4 analysis results
May 2010
Sample was taken on the 14th of May 2010 from the right hand drainage canal for wastewater discharge to the Volga River belongs to Yaroslavl WWTP.
Analyses were made in the Center for research and water control located in St. Petersburg. Comparison of the compounds identified with the maximum permissible levels for fisheries water bodies are given in the table below.
№ Compound Concentration, mg/l Maximum permissible levels, times
1 Oil products 0,078 1,56
2 Copper 0,0033 3,3
3 Carbon tetrachloride 0,31 310
In the sample was also identified in concentrations below maximum permissible levels: anionic surfactants, nickel, phenols, chlorophorm, and diethylhexilphtalate.
It is strictly forbidden to pour out polluted water or technical liquids into rivers and canals but it is impossible to catch the breaker. Tons of oil and gasoline are poured in the rivers and canals of St. Petersburg including those from the tourist boats.40 tons of oil were collected from water surfaces over the navigation period. Its minor part goes through the purification process the rest is poured into the rivers as is.
For instance, the concentration of oil in Okhta is 1.4 milligrams per liter, the norm, however, is 0.05, so the safety level is 28 times exceeded.
Conclusion
This short overview of facts clearly shows that water ecology must be seriously addressed by the society to provide for healthy and safe live conditions in our beautiful city. On the 6th of November 2015 “Vodokanal”- Saint-Petersburg’s company was given the Russian Federation government Quality Award “for achievements in the sphere of product and service quality and for implementing highly-efficient methods of quality management”. (http://www.government.ru/doc/20509)
The Russian president Putin V.V. has signed a decree making 2017 the Year of Ecology. The move (http://www.rt.com) is designed to attract public attention to environmental problems, maintain ecological diversity and protect the ecological security of the country.
Resources
Нежиновский Р.А. «Река Нева» Лениздат 1973г.
2.Беспятых Ю.Н. «Наводнения В Петербурге Петра I» СПб « Исторические иллюстрации» 2013г.
Нежиховский Р.А. «Река Нева и Невская губа» Гидрометеоиздат 1981г.
Померанец К.С. «Три века петербуржских наводнений» СПб, «Искусство СПб» 2005г.
Пукинский Б.К. «1000 вопросов и ответов о…» Лениздат 1981г.
Интернет ресурсы:
http://www.en.wikipedia.orghttp://www.saint-petersburg.com
htth://www.greenpeace.org/Russia/Global/Russia/report/2010/6
http://www.water157.narod.ruhttp://www.rt.com