Призентация по англискому языку Артикль

ArticlesAll singular countable nouns must be modified by a determiner. The articles a, an and the are determiners.Other determiners are words like “this, that, my, your, his, her,..etcThat is to say; a singular countable word can not be used in a sentence without a determiner. The Indefinite Article A or AnThe indefinite article “a” or “an” is used;Before singular countable nouns to mean one. It is not used before uncountable and plural nouns.Australia is a continent.Turkey is a country in Asia. An is used before a word that begins with a vowel sound ( a, e, i, o, u). When words begin with “h” or “u”, either a or an can be used depending on the sound.an uncle a homea university a union an hour an honourable man To introduce a subject that has not been mentioned before; I saw a snake. I caught a fish yesterday. With an expression of a definite quantity in the singular; A dozen a ton a half a third A mile a thousand a hundred A pound With some expression of quantity;a great many a great deal a couple of a few a lot of three times a day a number ofa little a pair of fifty miles an hourWith names of professions;He is an engineer.When “a” or “an” means per; Julie earns $500 a week. In exclamations with “What + a countable noun What a lovely day! What a terrible sweater!What a pity! What a nonsense!Note: In some languages, one and a, an are the same word. In English a, an for the indefinite is more common.We use one if we want to be precise, and we want to emphasize one, not two, or three, or four. He drives a Volswagen.She has got one Rolls-Royce, two Cadillacs and three motorbikes. The King The president The Definite Article “The”The definite article the can be used before any noun, singular, plural, countable and uncountable when the noun is specific.The island, the islands , the waterThe definite article “the” is used;When there is only one of the thing mentioned: (Unique objects )The sun is shining.The moon is full tonight.The sky is blue.The government 2. When it is clear to both the speaker and the listener which thing or person is referred to; Could you open the door, please? (Both the speaker and the listener know which door it is.) Pass the salt, please. Did you read the book I gave yesterday? Have you heard the news about them? 3. Before a noun mentioned for the second time: A bird flew into the classroom. The bird sat on my desk. 4. Before superlative adjectives: The biggest island is Greenland. The most beautiful coral island is very small. 5. Before names of musical instrumentsHe plays the piano I can’t play the guitar6.Before decades and centuries:The 1800s, the twenties, the twentieth century ** If the noncountable noun is followed by a descriptive adjective clause or phrase, we use the article ‘the’.10.Before names of countries, states, cities, universities colleges, and schools that contain the word ‘of’ and before conutries that have a plural name or have an adjective in the name, except for Great Britain:The United States of AmericaThe state of Florida / The NetherlandsThe city of Boston / The PhilippinesThe University of Texas / Texas UniversityThe United Kingdom 11.When a proper noun is used as a modifier for another noun, the always precedes the proper noun.The Simiths’ houseThe Egyptian pharaohsThe European Community 12.The always precedes ‘same’ and ‘only’This story is almost exactly the same as a story I read last year by a different author.He is the only person in the office who smokes.13.  Articles are usually not used with parts of the body or clothing when the owner of the parts of the body or clothing is known. In these cases a possesive adjective is usually used.Julia cut her hairI wore my best pants. . 14.National groups The British drink far too much tea. The Turkish are known to be very brave. 15.Classes of people The rich / the old / the educated The poor / the young / the accused 16. Before geographical areas, but not before names of the continents: The Middle East Asia The Orient Europe 17. Before names of oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, and plural names of mountains, islands, and lakes. The Pacific Ocean The Gulf of Mexio The Appalachian Mountains The Hawaiian IslandsThe Great LakesThe Mississippi RiverThe Black Seax Mount Everestx Manhattan Islandx Lake Michigan18. Before the names of ships, trains, planes, and people’s family names (the definite article isn’t used with the names of people and names of magazines.)The Browns The Mayflower Micheal Keaten The Orient Express The Titanic Newsweek SUMMARYARTICLE1. On the radio2. Newspapers (the Times)3. The whole family (the Smiths)4. Title without nameThe QueenThe President5. Plural names of mountains, islands, and lakes;The Canary IslandsThe HimalayasThe Great Lakes6. Well – known buildingsThe Eiffel TowerThe World Trade Center 9.Names of fields of study when they contain the word ‘of ’The history of the United StatesThe literature of the Sixties10. The ---------- languageThe English language11.The / university , college / of ------The university of MichiganThe university of London12. Names of meals in a specific sense The dinner was delicious. NO ARTICLE (x) There is no article:1.before plural and uncountable nouns when talking about things in general. (plurals not previously mentioned and not post-modified)I like x orange juice / Give x peace a chanceX Milk is good for you2. before most proper namesWe live in x FranceI will see you in x January3. before names of mealsIt’s time for x lunchWhat is for x dinner? 4.With prepositions of place, when the place plays an important role;Sally is in x prison (She’s a prisoner)Sally is in the prison (A visitor to the building)Similar are; church, hospital, school, university, home, work, bed5.Before general means of transportations:We went there by / x car, x train , x bus 6. before countries, towns, streets, languages, magazines, airports, stations:I bought x Cosmopolitan at x Haydarpaşa Station.X Spain is a Mediterranean country.X Turkish isn’t easy to learn. NO ARTICLE1. On x TV2. Maganizes (x Fountain,x Newsweek)3. Personal names (x Mike Harrison)4. Titles and namesX Queen ElizabethX President Clinton5.Singular mountains, islands, lakesX Mount AğrıX Coney IslandX Lake Van Exercises Fill in the blanks with the correct article a, an, the or x (nothing) Islands make up ...... entire land area of some countries, including ....... Japan and ...... Philippines. The, x , the ....... Florida Keys are coastal islands built on coral reefs. .The-- ...... Mackinac Island in ....... Lake Michigan is ..... lake island. .x, x, a .... City of Montreal, in ...... Canada,is built on ...... large river island.The, x, a.... Aleutian Islands, part of .....Alaska,are ..... string of coastal islands that were built by ..... volcanoes.The, x, a, xOn ..... big island of Hawai is one of ...... World’s greatest volcanoes, ....... Manua Loa..the, the, xKilauea is ..... most active volcano in .....state of........Hawai..the, the, x The early settlers of ...... Pacific Islands, ..... Polynesians, always carried ......coconuts with them in their canoes..the, the, xIn ......... Indonesia is .......huge lizard, ...... Komondo Dragon, that eats deer and attacks people..x, a, the......dodo, a giant bird now extinct, lived on ......island of Mauritius, in ..... Indian Ocean..the, the, the......watt is named after James Watt, ....... British engineer who developed ........steam engine in …... 1760s..the, the,the, the .....Methane is ..... Odorless burning gas and is ........main ingredient of .......natural gas. .x, x, the, x .....alcohol acts as .......narcotic on ......nervous system and ......brain. .x, a, the, the Zachary Taylor was .....first president to be elected from a state west of .....Mississippi River. .the, the In ...... 1860s Louis Pasteur discovered that .......bacteria in air caused ......perishable food to go ...... bad. .the, the, the,x It is ..... interesting book. It gives ..... wonderful picture of what..... life was like in ..... Victorian times. an , a , x ,x 18. I have noticed that ..... English people do not seem to shake ..... hands as much as people do in ..... Turkey. x, x, x 19. As soon as I’m got home from .......... school he went straight to ........... since he felt as if he had ......... flu. x, x, the 20. On ......... thirty-first of December, thousands of people gather in.......... Times Square,New York, to celebrate ............ coming of ........ New Year. the, x, the, the 21. ............. universities of Oxford and Cambridge are two of .......... most famous universities in ............ Europe. the, the, x 22. In ......... office where I work ......... most people have a degree in .......... English,but my boss, who is ........... nicest person I’ve worked for, has a PhD in .......... astronomy. the, x, x, the, x 23. Stephen has ......... seminar on ......... Saturday morning, so we are not able to go to .......... ski-slopes until ........ Sunday. a, x, the, x 24. ........ Detective Sherlock Holmes and his assistant, ......... Doctor Watson, solved ......... number of mysteries. x, x, a