Новая концепция раздела Говорение на ЕГЭ -2015 по английскому языку .Советы по подготовке обучающихся.

Новая концепция устной части ЕГЭ по АЯ (2014-15 уч. год)
При проведении устной части ЕГЭ по АЯ предполагается:
- отказаться от экзаменатора – собеседника
- наличие в аудитории только организатора, отвечающего за работу звукозаписывающей техники
- цифровая запись ответов
- постепенный переход на полностью компьютеризированный тест
- наличие 4 типов заданий, время на подготовку каждого – 1,5 минуты
- Общее время ответа экзаменуемого – 15 минут
Особенности ЕГЭ по английскому языку в части «Говорение»
- Первое задание - чтение вслух небольшого текста научно-популярного характера. Время на подготовку – 1,5 минуты.
- Во втором задании предлагается ознакомиться с рекламным объявлением (например, по теме «Путешествия») и задать 5 прямых вопросов на основе ключевых слов. Время на подготовку –
1,5 минуты.
- В третьем задании – участники экзамена выбирают одну из трех фотографий, объединенных общей темой (например «Профессии») и описывают ее на основе плана. Время на подготовку –
1,5 минуты.
- В четвертом задании ставится задача сравнить две фотографии на основе предложенного плана. Время на подготовку – 1,5 минуты.
Примерные задания устной части ЕГЭ
Задание 1 - чтение научно – популярного текста
Чтение текста вслух – максимум – 1 балл
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания С3:
1балл 0 баллов
Фонетическая
сторона речи
Речь воспринимается легко:
необоснованные паузы отсутствуют; фразовое ударение, интонационные
контуры, произношение слов без нарушений нормы; допускается не более 5 фонетических ошибок, в т.ч. 1-2 ошибки, искажающие смысл
Речь воспринимается с трудом из-за большого количества неестественных пауз, запинок, неверной расстановки ударений и ошибок в произношении слов, ИЛИ сделано более 5 фонетических ошибок ИЛИ сделано 3 и более фонетических ошибок, искажающих смысл.
Например: Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minute to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud.
You don’t see many birds in winter. Most have left your area. Those that stay are not as active. Activity uses energy that is needed to keep warm.
The worst problems for birds in winter are getting enough heat and holding on to the heat once it is made. These are problems for all birds. But it is especially true for the small ones. They cannot find enough food. The weather stays so cold for so long that they cannot eat enough to keep alive. But birds have many ways of fighting the cold.
You shiver to keep warm. The heat that you make is made mostly in your muscles. The muscles make more heat when they are active. So one way of keeping warm is to move about, use your muscles. Another way is to shiver. When your body needs heat, the muscles tighten and loosen quickly. They become active. Just as you shiver to keep warm, so do the birds.
Задание 2 - Задайте 5 вопросов по содержанию объявления (максимум – 5 баллов) Оценивается отдельно каждый из 5 вопросов
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания : 1 балл 0 баллов
Вопросы 1-5
Вопрос по содержанию отвечает
поставленной задаче; имеет
правильную грамматическую
форму прямого вопроса;
интонация соответствует типу
задаваемого прямого вопроса;
возможные фонетические и
лексические погрешности не
затрудняют восприятия Вопрос не задан, или заданный
вопрос по содержанию не
отвечает поставленной задаче
И/ИЛИ не имеет правильной
грамматической формы прямоговопроса, И/ИЛИ интонация не
соответствует типу задаваемогопрямого вопроса; И/ИЛИ
фонетические ошибки
препятствуют коммуникации
Например: Study the advertisement. You decided to visit the place and now you are calling to make some clarifications. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five questions to find out the following:
1) dates for departures
2) hotel facilities
3) if breakfast is included
4) number of city tours
5) discountsYou have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Задание 3 - Опишите фото (максимум – 7 баллов) Оценивается по 3 критериям:
– решение коммуникативной задачи (содержание)
– организация высказывания
– языковое оформление высказывания
Баллы Решение коммуникативной задачи (Содержание)
Организация
Языковое оформление
3 Коммуникативная задача выполнена полностью: содержание полно и развернуто отражает все аспекты, указанные в задании (в среднем не менее 3 фраз по каждому пункту плана) 2 Коммуникативная задача выполнена частично: 1 аспект не раскрыт (остальные раскрыты полно) ИЛИ 1-2 аспекта раскрыты неполно (в среднем не менее 2 фраз по каждому пункту плана)
Высказывание логично и носит завершенный характер; имеется вступительная и заключительная фразы, соответствующие теме. Средства логической связи используются правильно. Используемый словарный запас, грамматические структуры, фонетическое оформление высказывания соответствуют поставленной задаче (допускается не более 2-х негрубых лексико-грамматических ошибок ИЛИ/И не более 2-х негрубых фонетических ошибок.
1 Коммуникативная задача выполнена не полностью: 2 аспекта не раскрыты (остальные раскрыты полно) ИЛИ все аспекты раскрыты неполно (в среднем менее 2 фраз по каждому пункту плана)
Высказывание в основном логично и носит достаточно завершенный характер; НО отсутствует вступительная ИЛИ заключительная фраза, И /ИЛИ средства логической связи используются недостаточно.
Используемый словарный запас, грамматические структуры, фонетическое оформление высказывания в основном соответствуют поставленной задаче (допускается не более 4-х негрубых лексико-грамматических ошибок (из них не более 2 грубых) ИЛИ /И не более 4-х фонетических ошибок(из них не более 2 грубых).
0 Коммуникативная задача выполнена менее, чем на 50%: 3 и более аспектов содержания не раскрыты.
Высказывание нелогично И/ИЛИ не носит завершенного характера; вступление и заключение отсутствуют средства логической связи практически не используются.
Понимание высказывания затруднено из-за многочисленных лексико-грамматических и фонетических ошибок (5 и более лексико-грамматических ошибок или И /ИЛИ 5и более фонетических ошибок ИЛИ более 2 грубых ошибок.
Примечание: при получении экзаменуемым 0 баллов по критерию «Решение коммуникативной задачи всё задание оценивается в 0 баллов.
Например: Imagine that while travelling during your holidays you took some photos (3 photos are given).Choose one photo to present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes . In your talk remember to speak about:
1) when you took the photo
2) what/who is in the photo
3) what is happening
4) why you took the photo
5) why you decided to show the picture to your friend
You have to talk continuously, starting with: I’ve chosen photo number…
Задание 4 - Сравните 2 фото (максимум – 7 баллов)
Оценивается по 3 критериям:
содержание
организация
языковое оформление
Критерии оценивания задания 4 аналогичны критериям оценивания задания 3.
Например: Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photos:
give a brief description of the photos (action, location)
say what the pictures have in common
3) say in what way the pictures are different
4) say which of the pastimes / concerts presented in the pictures you’d prefer
5) explain your choice
You will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.

Готовимся к устной части ЕГЭ (Говорение) -2015
Советы для составления высказывания по картинке или фотографии
Tips for asking questions (Task C4)
№ Option Question
1. location Where is the…located /situated?
2. direction How can I get to…? What is the best way to…?
3. distance Is it (not) far from the city centre? / How far is the hotel from…?
4. availability of smthIs / are …available? What courses are available at your school?
5. facilities What facilities are available at your hotel / sports centre…?
6. discounts for / reductions for Are there any discounts / reductions for students?
Are group discounts available?
7. age restriction Is there a minimum age restriction for this film?
8. duration of smth. Is the tour long? How long is the tour / a course of the studies?
9. entrance fee What is the entrance fee? / What is the price of the ticket? / How much is the entrance fee? / How much is the ticket to the museum? / How much does the tour cost?
10. price per a period of time What is the room per night? / What is the price for a 2-week course?
11. opening hours What are the opening hours of the club? When is the café open?
12. what is included Is breakfast /Are textbooks included into the price? What is included into the price of the tour?
13. reservation Can I book / purchase a ticket on - line? Can I reserve
(make a reservation for) a room on - line?
14. permission of smth. Is it allowed to take pictures during the tour / in the museum? Shall I pay extra money for taking pictures?
15. a range of services What kind of tours / courses / cuisine / music can you offer?
16. accommodation What kind of accommodation do /can you offer?
17. dates for departures / arrivals / flights What are the dates for departures / arrivals to…? On what days are there planes / flights to…? When is the next flight to…? When does the plane to…take off?
18. number of smth. How many city tours / lessons are included into the package tour / course?
Советы для составления высказывания по картинке или фотографии
В задании C5 дана воображаемая ситуация по определенной теме, поэтому:
Вы можете начать свое высказывание так : I think all people in the world like travelling. / Every year I like to travel during my holidays.
Затем продолжайте описание по плану, предложенному в задании, например:
Last summer I visited Moscow and took some photos there. I’d like to describe photo №1.
Общее описание того, что вы видите на картинке (фото), может выглядеть так :
The picture shows a busy street in the city centre… I can see a group of people sitting around a table in a street cafe, having a meal.
Затем переходите к описанию деталей:
The man in the middle of the picture is wearing a strange hat…I think the woman in a white dress isn’t happy…
Старайтесь использовать слова и выражения, которые помогут описать все части изображения:
In the picture…, in the middle of…, on the left / right of…, in the bottom / top left –hand corner…, in the foreground …, in the background…, I /you can see…There is /are…
Для описания действий на картинке используйте the Present Continuous Tense
В конце описания постарайтесь подвести итог всему выше сказанному:
I took this photo because the view was so attractive. I decided to show it to you because I know you also love travelling and see new places.
В задании C6 надо сравнить две фотографии, т.е. найти черты сходства и различия, поэтому :Можно начать описание так: I’d like to describe… The pictures are quite similar because they both show people working. / There are animals on both of them. / Both of them have got unusual situations. / In the first picture you can see…I think they are happy because… / The second picture shows… The man seems happy because…
Говоря о различиях, можно употребить: There are some differences. / One is at night, but the other is during the day. / The left one looks more interesting than the right one. /The one on the left is a small shop, but the one on the right is a supermarket. / This one is not as fast as the other one. / It’s quite difficult to compare them. / So they both show happiness in different ways.
Sample descriptions:
Similarities Differences
Stress
Both alone
Need help Indoos vs outdoors
Mental vs physical activities
The second situation could be dangerous
In the first picture there’s a young woman. She has got a blue dress on and she is holding a marker. She seems a bit worried because there is a problem on the whiteboard which she can’t solve. May be she is a student. Alternatively, she might be a business woman and it’s possible that she is at work giving a presentation. The woman could ask someone for advice, like a teacher, if she is a student, or a boss, if she works. I’m sure someone could help her and make the task easier or at least a bit less stressful.
Then there is a man who looks like he’s got a problem with his car. This is very typical in Russia. His car is stuck in the snow and he’s trying to move it. I think, he should have used public transport. It wasn’t a good idea to go by car on a day like this. Well, now the only thing to do is to call one of those car breakdown places. What would happen if the car didn’t start? Whatever happens, he could be there a long time and there’s every chance he’s going to be late.
There are problems in both of the pictures. They are quite similar because they show stressful
situations, and people are alone. They need help but no one is around. There are some differences. The one on the left shows mental work but the one on the right shows physical activity. Also, the situation on the left is not as dangerous as the other one. The man could get very cold and hurt himself trying to move the car. In that way it’s quite difficult to compare them.
Compare Contrast Why are they happy?
smiling Family / individual Relaxing
I’d like to describe 2 photos of people enjoying themselves. They are quite similar because they both show nice ways to pass the time. In the first picture you can see a family walking by the sea. It is a lovely day and it is obviously great to be together and take it easy. I think they are happy because they are on holiday and the place looks like perfect. It is a nice example of family life and it reminds me of my own family holidays. I love being by the beach and it’s even better when the whole family is with me.
The second picture…
Tips for describing things:
You may follow a plan like this:
What it is
Size /shape
Weight
Appearance
Made of
Use /purpose
Where it came from
Owner’s feelings
A sample description:
My favourite possession
It’s a watch and it’s exactly right to me. It’s quite traditional in appearance. The face is round and white, and it’s easy to read. The body / frame is made of golden metal. The strap is made of red leather. It feels good on my wrist. I was given it for my last birthday by a good friend of mine, so that makes it a bit more special. It means a lot to me.
Tips for describing people:
You may follow a plan like this:
Who he /she is
Physical description – age, size, hair, facial features, clothes
What you notice first
The impression he /she gives
A sample description:
My grandmother
My grandmother has always been my favourite person. She is an elderly woman in her mid –sixties, with greyish hair, who always wears clothes that she makes herself. She has a gentle, kind face, but the thing you notice first about her is her friendly smile. She gives the impression of being a very sympathetic person, and it’s true that if I ever had a problem when I was little, I used to go to her.
Tips for describing places and buildings:
You may follow a plan like this:
What place it is
What size it is
What it’s used for /special features
What feelings / impressions it gives
Why it’s your favourite place
You may use such word combinations and phrases describing:
Location:
is situated / located
on the left / right – hand side of the street
overlooks the sea / main road
with a view of the mountains
to the west /east /north /south of the capital
(no)t far from the station
quite close to the museum
about 2 km from the university
on the tenth floor
within walking distance of the centre
on the outskirts / in the suburbs of the town
in the basement /attic
in the backyard / frontyardis surrounded by …
Size:
It holds 20 000 people.
It’s big enough for us.
It has a population of …
It’s uncomfortably small.
There is enough room for 12 tables.
It’s got at least 20 rooms.
Use:
It’s a place where people can meet friends.
It has a wide range / variety of things to look at.
The place is rather expensive (compared with…).
The leisure / sports facilities are fantastic / poor.
It’s interesting for teenagers.
Impressions / feelings:
It looks /seems /feels well – organised.
It looks as if nobody has looked after it for years.
It gives you the impression of being well –used.
You get the impression that a lot of money has been spent on it recently.
It makes you feel as if you are in your own home.
In general, it is a very welcoming place.
There is a friendly / uncomfortable atmosphere there.
A sample description:
My favourite room.For me, our kitchen is the best place in the flat. You can’t fit more than about 7 people there sitting down, but it‘s much more than a place to cook and eat. In the evenings, when everyone is at home, we drink tea and talk about the day. We celebrate birthdays and special occasions there, bringing out the samovar and special china tea set. Always cosy and warm, the atmosphere is so homely that everyone feels relaxed and comfortable there.
(составила Кужелева В.В., учитель английского языка МБОУ СОШ №1 г. Кирсанова Тамбовской области)