«Comparative analysis of Kazakh, Russian and English verb and aspect forms»

Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of KazakhstanSchool №21Village GuldalaTalgar regionAlmaty oblast«Comparative analysis of Kazakh, Russian and English verb and aspect forms»Done by: Tokhtiev Farukh Abdulahatovich andShamieva Alinur Ramil’evna Students of Form 11 “B” Section: Linguistic Direction: Lexicology, Literature, HistoryEnglish teacher: Akmullayeva Alyanur Makhmutovna School №21 Рецензияна работу учащихся 11 Б класса «ГКУ и ОСШ №21» с ДМЦ «Сравнительный анализ казахских ,английских и русских временных и аспектных форм»   Научная работа шамиевой алинур и тохтиева фаруха посвящена интересной проблеме сопоставительного изучения глагольных форм в агнлийском, русском и казахском языках. В начале работы приведена краткая характеристика системы глагольных форм английского языка, параллельно даются соответствия из казахского и русского языка, отмечаются отдельные особенности и отсутствие / наличие соотносительных сравниваемых форм. Последующая часть работы представляет собой сравнительный анализ грамматической системы казахского , Русского и английского языков, анализируемый материал четко расположен в удобной форме таблице (всего 11 таблиц, где приведены сравнения временнфх форм, форм глагола, наклонения и т. д.). Работа в целом выполнена на хорошем уровне, для анализа привлечен интересных материал. Явно видно стремление авторов работы разобраться в сложных вопросах формообразования в других языках и показать особенности этого явления в каждом из сравниваемых языков. Работа бы значительно выиграла, если бы анализу был подвергнут больший фактический1 материал и были сделаны четкие последовательные выводы о результатах сопоставления. ABSTRACT  On the research «Comparative analysis of Kazakh, Russian and English verb and aspect forms» performed by tokhtiev farukh and shamieva alinur , supervisor Akmullayeva Alyanur English teacher. Section: Linguistics. While working on this research the students used specific skills needed in reading Different materials in Kazakh , Russian and English:-classification of materials under study;- classifying and outlining the material;- drawing conclusions;- making comparisons;- organizing the material under study;- summarizing and generalization; In this research special attention and effort was made to provide worthwhile information for students of all levels, so that any students by using the practical result of this research would be able to become a self-learner, to challenge his ability and attain a higher level of linguistic competence in both languages, Kazakh, Russian and English. We hope that this research is a matter of importance for Kazakh and learners of English and for this reason we intend to continue the research. Абстракт Зерттеу мақсаты:Жастар заманауи сөйлеу мәдениеті болып саналатын, қазақ және орыс тіліндердегі етісттіктермен ағылшын тіліндері етісттіктермен салыстыра отыра, қатынас құралы ретінде білуі – қазіргі заманғы жас ұрпақтың ең басты міндеті екенін дәлелдеу.Зерттеу кезеңдері:Ағылшын тіліндегі қажетті әдебиеттермен танысуАқпараттар жинауТілдің және сөздік ерекшеліктеріне арналған теориялық әдебиеттердіоқып,зерттеу.Әр нүсқаның өзіндік айырмашылықтарын анықтау.Зерттеу әдістері:ІзденуЖинақтауСалыстыру Нәтижесі және қорытындысыШет тілді үйрену үшін қазақ және ағылшын тілдің етісттіктердың өзіндік жекелей ерекшеліктерін білу қажет.Ғылымы жаңалығы екі түрлі тілдік ортаға жататын екі тілді салыстыру.Практикалық қолдану аясы:Мәдени зерттеу аумағында,пән мұғалімдерімен ағылшын тілін тереңдетіп оқытуда. АННОТАЦИЯ На исследовании на тему «Сравнительный анализ казахских, русских и английских временных и аспектных форм» в исполнении тохтиева фаруха абдулахатовича и шамиевой алинур рамильевны, учителем английского языка Акмуллаевой Алянур Махмутовны. Раздел: Лингвистика. Во время работы над этим исследованием ученики используют специфические навыки, необходимые при чтении различных материалов на казахском, русском и английском языках: -Классификация материалов при исследовании; - Классификация и изложение материала; - Выводы; - Сравнение решений; - Организация материала при изучении; - Подведение итогов и обобщение; В этом исследовании было уделено особое внимание и усилие для тог, чтобы обеспечить достойную информацию для учеников всех уровней, так что бы любой ученик, используя практический результат этого исследования, смог бы стать самостоятельным учащимся, чтобы бросить вызов своим способностям и достичь более высокого уровня лингвистической компетенции в трёх языках : русском, казахском и английском .   Мы надеемся, что это исследование является важным вопросом для казахстанских учащихся, изучающих английский язык, и по этой причине мы намерены продолжать исследования. Plan 1. Introduction. 2. Major characteristics of Kazakh russian and english languages. 3. The verb. 4. Negative form. 5. Mood. 6. Passive voice. 7. Bibliography. 8. Tables. Introduction It is hard to overestimate the importance of learning English language, for it is a world language. The importance of knowing the native language is even more important. That is why I have chosen this theme for my research. It is easier to learn a second language when you compare it with your native language. The actuality of my research consists in the fact, that many students it national schools have difficulties in learning English, because almost all English grammar text- books are written in Russian. I hope that this research will be of practical value to Kazakh students learning English as a foreign language. Comparison of likenesses and differences between the grammatical categories of two languages was used, pointing out the peculiarities and exceptions exisiting in both languages. A large amount of material was analyzed and generalized, considered fromof grammar. The research is provided by different points of view, the common features were selected by covering key areas extensive demonstrative tables to make the learning process more successful. Major characteristics of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages. The Kazakh languages. The Kazakh language belong to the family of Turkic languages. Together with the Mongolian and Manchu - Tungus languages. They form a distinctive language group known as the Altaic languages. Some scholars add Japanese and Korean to this language group. The Turkic languages are divided into Southern, Western, Eastern, Central and Northern sub - groups. To the Southern sub - groups belongs Turkish, Turkmen and Azer Uzbek and Uighur constitute major languages of the Eastern sub - group. The Northern sub - group includes Yakut and Altay. Kazakh, together with Kirghiz, Karakalpak and Nogai, forms Central sub - group. The English language. The English language belongs to the Indo-European family and Western sub – group Of German languages. The English language started about 1500 years ago in England. There were only a few thousand words in Old English. It had a lot more endings than modern English. There are now over a million words in English. The first primer wasancient Runa, but it was pushed by Latin primer. The Oxford dictionary has over 650 000 different words in it. The average user knows between 30 000 and 60 000 words. The bulk of English words originally come from Latin. In the very near future 1 in 4 of the world's population will be able to speak English. You are one of tnem. RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BELONGS TO THE EAST SLAVIC SUBGROUP OF THE SLAVIC GROUP OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY OF LANGUAGES. IT IS THE LANGUAGE OF THE RUSSIAN NATION AND THE MEANS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION OF MANY PEOPLES LIVING IN RUSSIA. ALSO, THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IS ONE OF THE SIX OFFICIAL AND WORKING LANGUAGES ​​OF THE UN. WITH THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE HAS BECOME THE FOURTH MOST SPOKEN FOREIGN LANGUAGE AMONG EU CITIZENS.THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGES THE VERB IN KAZAKH VERB IS A MIXTURE OF SIMPLICITY COMPLEXITY: SIMPLE IN THAT THERE ARE NOT A LOT OF ENDINGS, AND THAT FORMATIONS ARE QUITE TRANSPARENT (I,E,THE PARTS ARE EVIDENT), BUT COMPLEX IN THAT THERE ARE MANY MORPHEMES OF FIXED MEANING AND SEQUENCE. AT FIRST THE STUDENTS WILL BE ANALYTICAL AND CONCENTRATE ON DISCOVERING THE NORMATIVE ELEMENTS; LATER TO MASTER THE LANGUAGE THEY CAN BECOME CREATIVE AND AGGLUTINATIVE FREELY FOR EXAMPLE: БАРУ, КЕЛУ, ІСТЕУ. RUSSIAN VERB IN ONE OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE, DESCRIBING THE ACTION. IN TODAY'S RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE ELEMENTARY (DICTIONARY) IS THE INFINITIVE FORM OF THE VERB, WHICH IS CALLED THE INFINITIVE FORM (THE OLD TERMINOLOGY - VAGUE INCLINATION) OF THE VERB. IT IS FORMED WITH THE SUFFIXES -ТЬ (AFTER THE ROOTS ARE OFTEN ON CONSONANTS -ТИ (SUCH AS "ИДТИ"), WITH ROOTS IN THE Г AND К FUSED, GIVING -ЧЬ). FOR EXAMPLE: ИДТИ, ПРИЙТИ, ДЕЛАТЬ. THE DICTIONARIES GIVE THE VERB IN THE INITIAL FORM WHICH IS CONSIDERED TO BE A DEVERBAL NOUN BUT IT CORRESPONDS TO THE ENGLISH INFINITIVE FORM GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF TENSE, MOOD, VOICE NUMBER AND PERSON ARE EXPRESSED THROUGH DIFFERENT SUFFIXES WHICH ARE ADDED TO THE ROOT WHICH IS OBTAINED THROUGH DROPPING THE ENDING - Y OF THE INITIAL FORM. THE ROOT OF THE VERB CORRESPONDS TO THE FAMILIAR FORM OF IMPERATIVE MOOD; ALL OTHER FORMS REQUIRE SUFFIXES OR ENDINGS. FOR EXAMPLE: WRITE (POLITE FORM), I WRITE I SHALL WRITE, I WROTE, I HAVE WRITTEN, I WAS WRITTENI AM GOING TO WRITE. OF COURSE, THESE EXAMPLES DON’T SHOW THE WHOLE PARADIGM PF THE VERB. THE BASIC FORMS OF THE VERB ARE: INFINITIVE (TO SPEAK), THE PAST SIMPLE (SPOKE) AND PARTICIPLE 2 (SPOKEN). THE VERB IS DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS ACCORDING TO THE WAY IN WHICH INFINITIVE, PAST SIMPLE AND PARTICIPLE 2 ARE FORMED: A) REGULAR VERBS. THEY ARE FORMED BY ADDING -ED OR -D. TO WANT - WANTED TO LIVE – LIVEDB) IRREGULAR VERBS. HERE BELONG THE FOLLOWING GROUPS OF VERBS; -VERBS WHICH CHANGE THEIR ROOT VOWEL TO SING- SANG- SUNG -VERBS WHICH CHANGE THEIR ROOT VOWEL AND ADD -EN TO SPEAK -SPOKE -SPOKEN -VERBS WHICH CHANGE THEIR FINAL -D INTO -T TO SEND -SENT -SENT -VERBS WHICH HAVE THE SAME FORM FOR THE INFINITIVE, PAST SIMPLE AND PARTICIPLE 2 TO PUT -PUT -PUT TO CUT -CUT -CUT -DEFECTIVE VERB CAN -COULD MAY –MIGHT C) MIXED VERBS. THEIR PAST SIMPLE IS OF THE REGULAR TYPE, AND THEIR PARTICIPLE 2 IS OF THE IRREGULAR TYPE TO SHOW -SHOWED -SHOWN TO SOW -SOWED -SHOWN A verb can also have some aspect characterisitcs depending on its lexical meaning. Accordingly verbs and divided into: a) Terminative verbs denote an action implying a certain limit beyond which it can't go: to come, to bring, to give, etc. b) Non -terminative verbs denote a certain action which doesn't imply any limit: to love, to be, to work, to hope, etc. c) Verbs of double lexical character have a terminative meaning and non -terminative meaning; to see, to hear, to write, to read, to translate, etc. Also a verb can be: a) Transitive verbs can take a direct object; to take, to give, to send, to show, etc. b) Intransitive verbs can not take a direct object: to stand, to sleep, to laugh, to think, etc. NEGATIVE FORM THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE VERB IN KAZAKH IS FORMED BY ADDING THE SUFFIXES -МА/МЕ, -БА/БЕ, -ПА/ПЕ TO THE ROOT OF THE VERB. FOR EXAMPLE: БАРМА ЖАЗБА АЙТПА IN ENGLISH WITH THE HELP OF "AUXILIARY VERBS + NOT"FOR EXAMPLE: DON'T GO DON'T WRITE DON'T SAY THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE VERB IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IS FORMED BY PARTICLES «НЕ» FOR EXAMPLE: НЕ ИДИ НЕ ПИШИ НЕ ГОВОРИ THE INDICATIVE MOOD THE INDICATIVE MOOD SHOWS THAT THE ACTION OR STATE EXPRESSED BY THE VERB IS PRESENTED AS A FACT .FOR EXAMPLE : I WILL STAY AT HOME.IT CORRESPONDENTS TO АШЫҚ РАЙ AND TO ҚАЛАУ РАЙ IN KAZAKH.IN KAZAKH INDICATIVE MOOD IS MAKED BY:1 ADDING -ҒЫ,-ГІ,-ҚЫ,-КІ SUFFIXES TO THE VERB ADDING AUXILIARY КЕЛ. FOR EXAMPLE: МЕНІҢ БАР+ҒЫ+М КЕЛ+ДІ.2 ADDING -CA,-CE SUFFIXES AND AUXILIARY ИГІ ЕДІ. FOR EXAMPLE: МЕН АЛ+СА+М ИГІ ЕДІ.3 ADDING -ҒАЙ,-ГЕЙ,-ҚАЙ,-КЕЙ SUFFIXES. FOR EXAMPLE: МЕН БАР+ҒАЙ+МЫН (USED SELDOM). IN RUSSIAN THE VERB INDICATIVE MOOD INDICATE ACTIONS THAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED, IS HAPPENING OR WILL HAPPEN:WRITE, WRITING, I WILL WRITE. IMPERFECTIVE VERBS HAVE THREE FORMS OF TIME: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.PERFECTIVE VERBS HAVE TWO FORMS OF TIME PAST AND FUTURE.THE FORMS OF THE PAST TENSE VARY IN NUMBERS FOR EXAMPLE:ЛЕТЕЛ- ЛЕТЕЛИ.AND ONLY SINGULAR FORM HAS A GENDER FOR EXAMPLE: КИВНУЛ, КИВНУЛА, КИВНУЛО THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD SHOWS THAT THE ACTION EXPRESSED BY VERB IS PRESENTED AS NON-FACT, AS SOMETHING IMAGINARY OR DESIRED. THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS ALSO USED TO EXPRESS AN EMOTIONAL ATTITUDE OF THE SPEAKER TO REAL FACTS. IT CORRESPONDENTS TO «ШАРТТЫ РАЙ» IN KAZAKH AND «СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ» IN RUSSIAN. THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD HAS THREE TYPES: 1 TYPE. UNLIKELY OR UNREAL CONDITION. CONSEQUENT AND CONDITION ARE REGARDED TO THE PAST AND PRESENT TENSES. IF+PAST TENSE, WOULD+INFINITIVE IF THREES DIDN'T MAKE OXYGEN, WE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO LIVE. THERE ARE STABLE PHRASES WHERE "WHERE" IS USED INSTEAD OF "WAS". 2 TYPE. FRUSTRATED CONDITION. CONSEQUENT AND CONDITION ARE REGARDED TO THE PAST TENSE. IF+PAST PERFECT, WOULD+PERFECT INFINITIVE IF WE HAD CLEARED THIS FOREST MANY ANIMALS WOULD HAVE DIED. 3 TYPE OR MIXED TYPE. FRUSTRATED CONDITION. CONSEQUENT AND CONDITION ARE REGARDED TO: FIRST PART TO THE PAST, SECOND PART TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE TENSES. IF+PAST TENSE, WOULD+PERFECT INFINITIVE IF I DIDN'T KNOW ENGLISH, I WOULD HAVE ASKED YOU TO TRANSLATE FOR ME YESTERDAY.4 TYPE. IF+PAST PERFECT, WOULD+INFINITIVE. IF YOU HADN'T STAYED LAST NIGHT, YOU WOULD NOT BE SO TIRED NOW. IN KAZAKH SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS MAKE BY ADDING -CA, -CE SUFFIXES. ALSO IT'S DIVIDED INTO THREE TYPES: 1.IN THE FIRST FORM SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS MAKE BY ADDING -CA/-CE + М IN SINGULAR, AND -CA/-CE + Қ/К IN PLURAL FORM. IN THE SECOND FORM BY ADDING -CA/-CE + Ң IN SINGULAR AND -CA/-CE + ҢДАР/ҢДЕР IN PLURAL, -CA/-CE + ҢЫЗ/ҢІЗ IN SINGULAR POLITE AND -CA/-CE ҢЫЗДАР/ҢІЗДЕР IN POLITE PLURAL FORMS.2. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS MAKE BY ADDING ДА,ДЕ,ТА,ТЕ CONJUNCTION. FOR EXAMPLE: СЕН АЙТПАСАҢ ДА,МЕН ОНЫ БІЛІП ОТЫРМЫН.3. SUBJUNACTIVE MOOD IS MAKED BY ADDING -ШЫ/-ШІ SUFFIXES. FOR EXAMPLE: ОНЫҢ АТЫН СҰРАСАҢ + ШЫ. THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TO A SITUATION DOES NOT EXIST IN THE REAL WORLD. IN PARTICULAR, IT MAY BE: CONTRFACTLY: НА ТВОЕМ МЕСТЕ Я БЫ ТАК НЕ ПОСТУПИЛ HYPOTHETICAL: Я ИЩУ ЧЕЛОВЕКА, КОТОРЫЙ БЫ МЕНЯ ПОНЯЛDESIRE/UNDESIRED: ТОЛЬКО БЫ ОНИ НЕ ЗАМЕТИЛИ THE PORTABLE USAGES SUBJUNCTIVE MAY ALSO HAVE A PRAGMATIC FUNCTION:MITIGATION REPORTED INTENTIONS OF THE SPEAKER Я БЫ ПОПРОСИЛ ВАС ОБ ЭТОМ НЕ ГОВОРИТЬ A REDUCTION IN CATEGORICAL ASSERTION: Я БЫ НАЗВАЛ ЭТО ПРЕДАТЕЛЬСТВОМ.THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IS EXPRESSED ANALYTICALLY BY THE PARTICLE «БЫ, Б» FOR PROPER SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD ATTRIBUTED TO A COMBINATION OF PARTICLES «БЫ, Б» THE FORMS OF THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB, INCLUDING WITHIN THE . BY IMPROPERLY SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD ATTRIBUTED TO A COMBINATION OF PARTICLES «БЫ,Б». PASSIVE VOICE. IN ENGLISH THE PASSIVE VOICE IS FORMED BY MEANS OF AUXILIARY VERB TO BE IN THE REQUIRED FORM AND PARTICIPLE 2 OF THE NOTIONAL VERB. PASSIVE HAS EIGHT TENSES: 1 PRESENT SIMPLE (AM,IS,ARE) + V3, VED 2 PAST SIMPLE (WAS, WERE) + V3, VED 3 FUTURE SIMPLE (SHALL BE, WILL BE) + V3, VED 4 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (AM,IS,ARE) + BEING + V3, VED 5 PAST PROGRESSIVE (WAS, WERE) + BEING + V3, VED 6 PRESENT PERFECT (HAVE, HAS) + BEEN + V3, VED 7 PAST PERFECT HAD + BEEN + V3, VED 8 FUTURE PERFECT (SHALL,WILL) + HAVE + BEEN V3, VED IN KAZAKH PASSIVE VOICE CORRESPONDENTS TO ЫРЫҚСЫЗ ЕТІС AND MAKED BY ADDING -ЫЛ,-ІЛ,-Л -ЫН,-ІН,-Н SUFFIXES THE FORM OF THE PASSIVE VOICE IS FORMED FROM TRANSITIVE VERBS BY ACCEDING TO THE FORMANT -СЯ:FOR EXAMPLE:  СТРОИТЬ – СТРОИТЬСЯ, ПОДПИСЫВАТЬ – ПОДПИСЫВАТЬСЯ, СОСТАВЛЯТЬ – СОСТАВЛЯТЬСЯ SUCH FORMS ARE USED, USUALLY IN THE 3RD PERSON SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORM. {5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A} KAZAKH ENGLISHRUSSIAN1 Kazakh use postpositions1 English use prepositions 1 Russian use prepositions 2 Kazakh has no gender2 English has genders2 Russian has gender 3 Kazakh no modal verbs3 English has modal verbs3 Russian has modal verbs4 Kazakh has two forms of the second person4 English has only one form of the second person4 Russian has two forms of the second person5 Kazakh has no articles5 English has articles5 Russian has articles6 In Kazakh the predicate is always at the end f the sentence 6 English has predicate is at the beginning of the sentence 6 Russian has predicate it is at the different place of the sentence 7 The Law of Vowel Harmony is used only in Kazakh language7 The Law of Vowel Harmony can not be used in English 7 The Law of Vowel Harmony can not be used in Russian.8 In Kazakh the plural of nouns is formed only with the help of endings8 In English suffixes and changing the root8 In Russian the plural of nouns is formed only with the help of endings9 Consonant Assimilation in characteristic of Kazakh language9 The same in EnglishThe same in Russian10 Kazakh has uncountable nouns10 The same in EnglishThe same in Russian Table № 1 Comparative analysis Of the Kazakh and English grammatical systems {5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A} Kazakh English Russian+ у“to” Бар+уTo come Істе+уTo do {5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A} Kazakh EnglishRussian-ма/-ме Бар+ма do not; does notDon’t goне иди -ба/-беЖаз+баdo not writeне пиши -па/-пеАйт+па does not say (tell)не говори Table № 2 Infinitive Тұйық етістіктің жасалу жолдары Table № 3 Negative form of the verb Table № 4 The VerbTransitive IntransitiveTo take, to give to stand up, to sleepTo invite, to love to think, to swimTo see, to show to laugh, to lie  Table № 5 Regular Irregular Mixedto want-wanted to sing-sung-sung to show-showed-shownto open-opened to begin-began-begun to sow-sowed-sownto expect-expected  Table № 6 Terminative Non-terminative Verb of doubleLexical character lexical characterTo bring to love,to live to see, to hearTo come to be, to have to translateTo find to hope, to respect to write {5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A} KAZAKH ENGLISH Осы шақ Нақ осы шақ (-ып –іп –п) Мен оқып отырмынАуыспалы осы шақ (-а –е –й) Мен келемін Келер шақБолжалды келер шақ(-ар –ер –р) Біз барармызМақсатты келер шақ(-мақ –мек –бақ –бек –пақ –пек)Біз ерте кетпекпізАуыспалы келер шақ(-а,-е,-й)Ол осында тұрады Present tensePresent Simple V,V-s –I writePresent Continuous am,is,are- to be+ V ing –I am writingPresent Perfect have/has +V 3 ed –I have writtenPresent Perfect Continuous have/has + been V ing –I have been writing Future tenseFuture simple will(shall)+V1 –I will writeFuture Continuous will(shall) + be V ing –I will be writingFuture Perfect will(shall)+have V3, V ed –I will be have written Future Perfect Continuous will(shall) + have been + V ing –I will have be writing  Table № 7 Present tense and Future tense Осы шақ және Келер шақ {5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A} Kazakh English Өткен шақЖедел өткен шақ (-ды,-ді,-ты,-ті) Азат домбыра тарттыБұрынғы өткен шақ (-ған,-ген,-қан,-кен) Сен келгенсіңАуыспалы өткен шақ (-атын,-етін,-йтын,-йтін) Азат ауылға жиі баратын Past tensePast simple V2, ved I wrotePast Continuous was,(were)+Ving I was writingPast Perfect had Ved, V3I had writtenPast Perfect ContinuousHad been+Ving I had been writing  Table № 8 Past Tense Өткен шақ {5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A} Kazakh English Ырықсыз етіс мынандай жұрнақтардың қосылуы арқылы жасалады: -ыл,-іл,-л,-ын,-ін,-н.Еден күнделікті жуЫЛадыЕден кеше жуЫЛдыЕден ертең жуЫЛадыЕден жуЫЛып жатырЕден жуЫЛып жатқанЕден жуЫЛып біттіЕден кеше жуЫЛғанЕден ертең жуЫЛып бітедіPassive voice is made with the help of auxiliary verbs + participle 2The floor is washed dailyThe floor was washedThe floor will be washedThe floor is being washedThe floor was being washedThe floor has been washedThe floor had been washedThe floor will have been washed Table № 9 Passive voice Ырықсыз етіс {5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}KazakhEnglishӨздік етіс(-ын,-ін,-н)Алыстан ірі қара көрінді (өзі көрінді)The cattle appeared at a distanceОртақ етіс (-ыс,-іс,-с)жазыстыHelped to writeӨзгелік етіс (-дыр,-дір,-тыр,-тір,-ыр,-ір,-ғыз,-гіз,-қыз,-кіз)жаздырдыMade with him writeӨздік етіс пен ырықсыз етіс жұрнақтары сабақтыетістікке жалғанып, оны салт етістікке айналдырады; Ол жуындыNeuter- reflexive voice He washed himself Table № 10 {5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}Kazakh EnglishБұйрық райШуламандар!The imperative moodDon`t be noisyШартты райМен сен болсамОны білсемшіSubjunctive moodIf I were you..If I knew it..Қалау рай(-ғы,-гі,-қы)Менің оқығым келеді(-са,-се)Барса игі едіIndicative mood I want to studyIt will be good, if he goesАшық райБардым,Боламын,Ойнаймын Indicative moodI went to the zooI will stay at homeI play games daily  Table № 11 Mood Рай Bibliography. 1 Alexander L.G. "Longman English Grammar", London, 1988, p.249-255 2 Kachalova K.N., "English", Moscow, 1988, p.22 3 Kaushanskaya V.L. "English grammar", Lemimgrad, 1967, p.75-78, 81, 134 4 Ken Wilson and James Taylor "Prospects" (Upper-Intermediate, Macmillan), Malaysia 2000, p.132 5 Muller V.K. Boyanus S.K. "English dictionary", Kiev "Kannon" , 1997 6 Raymond Murphy "Grammar in use", Moscow, 1997, "Sigma",p.53 7 Tina Thoburn and Alan McLeod "Macmillan ENglish", New York, 1990, p.14,40 8 Әбдіғалиев Т."Қазіргі қазақ тіліндегі болымдылық, болымсыздық категориясы", Алматы, 1998, 29-34 беттер 9 Қалыбаева А."Қазақ тіліндегі етіс категориясы", Алматы,1957, 64-68 беттер 10 Қордабаев Т."Қазақ тіліндегі етістіктің шақ категориясы", Алматы, 1953, 16-21 беттер 11 Исаев С. "Қазақ тілі" Алматы, 1999, 29-34 беттер 12 Оралбаева Н. "Қазақ тіліндегі етістіктің категориялары", Алматы,1980, 42-46 беттер