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OUTSTANDING BRITISH WRITERS Students: Form 7b Teacher: Stepanenko: L.Yu. Secondary school #38 Sevastopol December 16, 2011 Daniel Defoe an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer one of the founders of the English novel wrote more than 560 books, pamphlets and journals on various topics (politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural) a pioneer of economic journalism used at least 198 pen names Defoe’s Life born in London in 1659–1661the first son of James and Mary Foe his father was a tallow chandlerstudied at religious academies to become a priestat the age of 18 left schoolwent into the hosiery businessmarried Mary Tuffley in 1684.had seven children - two sons and five daughterswas always in deep debt was successful in journalism and literaturedied on 24 April 1731 his grave is still visited. Historical events that influenced Defoe the Great Plague of London- 70,000 were killed (1665) the Great Fire of London - only his and two other homes were left in the area (1666) a Dutch fleet sailed up the Medway via the River Thames and attacked Chatham (1667) Literary Career started writing pamphlets at the age of 23got fame and royal favour for “The True-Born Englishman”(1701) was imprisoned for “The Shortest Way with the Dissenters” for 7 years (1703)published his most successful work “Robinson Crusoe” (1719) Fiction Novels Robinson Crusoe (1719) Captain Singleton (1720) Journal of the Plague Year(1722) Captain Jack (1722) Moll Flanders (1722) Roxana (1724) Non fiction -The Storm (1704) -A General History of the Pyrates(1724) -A tour thro’ the whole island of Great Britain, divided into circuits or journeys (1724–1727)EssaysPoems Robinson Crusoe is considered to be the first novel written in English tells of a man's shipwreck on a deserted island and his subsequent adventures is based on the story of the Scottish castaway Alexander Selkirk, who spent four years stranded on the island of Juan Fernandez "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" (1719) Robinson makes a trip from China to Europe via Russia to the moment, the considerable part of the geographical items of his trip had not been identified Jonathan Swift( November 1667 –October 1745) Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer, poet and clericremembered for works such as Gulliver’s TravelsA Modest Proposal A Journal to Stella Drapier’s Letters The Battle of the Books An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity A Tale of a Tub. Works Swift was a prolific writer, notable for his satires. The most recent collection of his prose works comprises fourteen volumes. A recent edition of his complete poetry is 953 pages long. One edition of his correspondence fills three volumes. Pseudonims Lemuel Gulliver Issac Bickerstaff M.B. Drapier Gulliver’s Travels Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships(1726) reflects his political experiences was an immediate hit, with a total of three printings that year and another in early 1727 French, German, and Dutch translations appeared in 1727 pirated copies were printed in Ireland. Part I: A Voyage to Lilliput and Blefuscu Part II: A Voyage to Brobdingnag Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, and Japan Part IV: A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms  Cultural influences The term "Lilliputian" has entered many languages as an adjective meaning "small and delicate” The smallest light bulb fitting (5mm diameter) is called the “Lilliput Edison screw” In Dutch, the word "Lilliputter" is used for adults shorter than 1.30 meters "Brobdingnagian" appears in the Oxford English Dictionary as a synonym for "very large" or "gigantic". The term "yahoo" is often encountered as a synonym for "ruffian" or "thug". Swift died on October 19, 1745 He was buried in his own cathedral, in accordance with his wishes. The bulk of his fortune was left to found a hospital for the mentally ill, which still exists as a psychiatric hospital. Charles Dickens was an English novelist, generally considered the greatest of the Victorian Period. enjoyed a wider popularity and fame than had any previous author during his lifetime, and he remains popular. his work has been highly praised for its realism, comedy, mastery of prose, unique personalities and concern for social reform by writers such as Leo Tolstoy, George Gissing and G.K. Chesterton Charles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812, the second of eight children, to John and Elizabeth Dickens. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-office. In his childhood Dickens had a near-photographic memory of the people and events, which he later used in his writing. Dickens’ Childhood The Dickens family moved a lot, because of financial difficulties – to Bloomsbury, Kent and then to Camden Town, in London in 1822.Dickens’ father continually lived beyond his means and was often imprisoned.Charles left school and began working ten-hour days at Warren's Blacking Warehouse to pay for his board and help his family. Education and Interests In 1824-1827 Dickens studied at Wellington House Academy, London, and at Mr. Dawson's school in 1827. From 1827 to 1828 he was a law office clerk, and then a shorthand reporter at Doctor's Commons. At the age of eighteen, Dickens applied for a reader's ticket at the British Museum, where he read the works of Shakespeare, Goldsmith, and Berger. Early Novels Dickens' first story, A Dinner at Popular Walk was published in the London periodical, Monthly Magazine in 1833.His journalism, in the form of sketches in periodicals, formed his first collection of pieces Sketches by Boz, published in 1836.Dickens’ first novel, The Pickwick Papers appeared in March 1836. 15 Major Novels The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836- 1837) The Adventures of Oliver Twist ( 1837 - 1839) The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby(1838 - 1839) The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841) Barnaby Rudge(1841) The Life and Adventures Of Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1844) Dombey and Son (1846-1848) David Copperfield (1849-1850) Bleak House(1852-1853) Hard Times: For These Times (1854) Little Dorrit (1855-1857) A Tale of Two Cities (1859) Great Expectations (1860-1861) Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865) The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870) Notable Works The Christmas books Short story collections Selected non-fiction Poetry Plays  Last Years Much of his time was taken up with public readings from his best-loved novels: Reading tours in America“Farewell readings" in England, Scotland, and Ireland He died at his residence, Higham, near Rochester, Kent, on 9 June 1870, at the age of 58.His resting place is Poets’ Corner, Westminster Abbey Characters Beginning with The Pickwick Papers in 1836, Dickens filled his novels with believable personalities and vivid physical descriptions. His characters are among the most memorable in English literature: Tiny Tim, Jacob Marley, the Artful Dodger, Fagin, Uriah Heep, Miss Havisham and others. Often these characters were based on people he knew. Dickens Museums Other memorials Charles Dickens was commemorated on the Series E Ј10 note issued by the Bank of England which was in circulation in the UK between 1992 and 2003. Dickens appeared on the reverse of the note accompanied by a scene from The Pickwick Papers.Stamp in “The Centenary Edition of The Works of Charles Dickens in 36 Volumes” was issued to his hundredth anniversary. Resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Defoe http://www.online-literature.com/defoe/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/dickens.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swift#Writer Our Questions Which of these writers used about 200 pseudonyms? Whose 200-th anniversary are we going to celebrate next year? Which of these authors invented new words that are still used in many languages? Thanks for your attention Remember- Reading for the mind is what the exercises is for the body Enjoy reading world classical literature!