Авторлы? ба?дарлама А?ылшын тілі грамматикасы

JазаKстан РеспубликасыныS Білім ж‰не Cылым министрлігі
Павлодар облысы,АKтоCай ауданы,Балтасап ауылы
«Балтасап негізгі мектебі»
коммуналдыK мемлекеттік мекемесі




АBЫЛШЫН ТІЛІ ГРАММАТИКАСЫ

оKу-‰дістемелік Kaрал



П‰н мaCалімі: Ж.М.Малгаждарова









2015-2016 оKу жылы








Пікір берушілер: Хайыров А.Б. – ф.C.к., доцент
«АCылшын тілі грамматикасы» оKу-‰дістемелік оKу KWралында аCылшын тілініS грамматикасы жан-жаKты талданып, аныKтамалар берілген. Аталмыш оKу-KWралда аCылшын тілініS грамматикасыныS кейбір б‹лімдері кесте арKылы тUсіндіріліп, мысалдардыS KазаKша аудармалары к‹рсетілген, сонымен Kатар бWл оKу-‰дістемелік KWралда аCылшын тілініS грамматикасы KазаK тілі грамматикасымен салыстырмалы тUрде оKытылады.
БWл ‰дістемелік KWрал 19 б‹лімнен тWрады: алдымен аCылшын тілініS грамматикасы тUсіндіріледі, кейін жаттыCулар жиынтыCы, соSында ‹ткен грамматикалыK таKырыпты пысыKтауCа тест тапсырмалары берілген.
БWл оKу-‰дістемелік KWралы оKытушылар мен студенттерге, сонымен Kатар аCылшын тілін оKып-Uйренушілерге, жалпы к‹пшілікке арналCан.


























UNIT I THE NOUN – ЗАТ ЕСІМ
Зат есім т_рлері
Зат есім – заттардыS, н‰рселердіS атын, табиCаттаCы ж‰не KоCамдаCы KWбылыстарды, уаKиCаларды, WCымдар мен тUсініктерді білдіретін с‹з табы. Зат есімдер жалKы ж‰не жалпы болып екіге б‹лінеді.

· Proper Nouns (ЖалKы есімдер) белгілі бір затты, н‰рсені арнайы, даралай айтады.
Кісі аттары:
Aygerim, Amanat, Almas.
ГеографиялыK атаулар: Kала, ‹зен, к‹л, тау аттары
Алматы - Almaty
Астана - Astana

· Common Nouns (Жалпы есімдер) ‰р алуан деректі ж‰не дерексіз заттар мен WCымдарды білдіретін зат есімдер.
Жалпы есімдер санауCа санауCа келетін (countable) ж‰не санауCа келмейтін (uncountable) болып екіге б‹лінеді.
Countable (cанауCа келетін) яCни заттарды санауCа болатын зат есімдер:
I have bought a book. I have bought two books.
There are many libraries in Astana.

Uncountable (cанауCа келмейтін) зат есімдер тобы:

Food: rice, sugar, fruit, milk, br
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Зат есімніS классификациясы

Негізгі зат есім (Simple Nouns). Негізгі зат есімге ешKандай жWрнаK жалCанбайды.
Мысалы: a table, a room, a girl, a ship.
Туынды зат есім (Derivate Nouns) Зат есімге жWрнаK жалCану арKылы жасалCан зат есім. Туынды зат есім жасайтын жWрнаKтар:
er: teacher, writer
ment: development, government
ness: sadness, kindness
ion: restriction, connection
dom: freedom, wisdom
hood: childhood, neighbourhood
ship: leadership, friendship
КUрделі зат есім (Compound nouns) Екі немесе бірнеше зат есімнен KaралCан зат есім. A class, a postman, an airport

Зат есімдердіS к™пше т_рініS жасалуы

Ереже Rules
Жекеше т_рі
Singular
К‹пше т_рі Plural
Есте саKтаSыз Remember

Зат есімніS тUрін жасау Uшін тUбірге
-s жалCауы жалCанады.
a table a dog a cat
two tabls two dogs two cats


Зат есімдер –ch, -s,
-ss, sh, tch, -x ‰ріптеріне
аяKталса, - es жалCауы жалCанады.
a dish
a match a class a box
two dishes
two matches two classes two boxes


Зат есім –у ‰рпіне аяKталып, оныS
алдында дауыссыз тWрса -es жалCауы
жалCанады да, -у ‰рпі –i ‰рпіне айналады.
a story
a city
two stories
two cities



Егер зат есім жекеше тUрде –у ‰рпіне аяKталып, оныS алдында
дауысты ‰ріп
тWрса, онда –у ‰рпі
‹згермейді, к‹пше тUрде тек –s жалCауы жалCанады.
a key a day
two keys two days


Зат есім жекеше тUрде -f немесе -fe ‰ріптеріне
аяKталса ‰рпі v
‰рпіне ‹згереді де, -es жалCауы жалCанады.
a knife
a shelf
two knives two shelves
Ереже баCынбайтын кейбір зат есімдер:

· a cuff-cuffs

· a handkerchief- handkerchiefs

· a roof - roofs

· a safe- safes
· a belief – beliefs

· a chief - chiefs

· a cliff – cliffs

Жекеше тUрде зат есім –о ‰рпіне
аяKталса ж‰не –о ‰рпініS алдында дауыссыз ‰ріп
тWрса, онда зат есімге
–es жалCауы жалCанады.
a tomato
a hero zero
volcano tornado mosquito
two tomatoes two heroes
zeroes / zeros
volcanoes / volcanos
tornadoes / tornados
mosquitoes / mosquitos

· a kilo – kilos

· a photo - photos
· a piano – pianos

· radio - radios

· a video - videos

· a zoo - zoos

· a hippo - hippos

· tattoo – tattoos

· a rhino – rhinos

К_рделі зат есімдерге к‹птік жалCау басты
маCыналы с‹зге жалCанады.
customhouse
hotel – keeper
mother-inlaw manservant
custom-houses
hotel – keepers
mother-in-laws man-servants


Кейбір зат есімдердіS к™пше тUрі ешKандай
ережеге баCынбай,
с™здегі дауыстыны ™згерту арKылы жасалады.
a man
a woman a foot
a mouse a tooth a goose
men
women feet
mice
teeth geese


Кейбір зат есімдердіS жекеше т_рі мен к™пше тUрі бірдей.
a deer
a species
a sheep a fish
deer
species
sheep fish


Латын, грек ж‰не француз тілінен
енген зат есімдер сол тілдердегі к‹пше тUрініS формасын саKтайды.
a formula a datum
a bureau an index
hypothesis thesis
bacterium cactus
formulae data
bureaux indices
hypotheses theses
bacteria cacti





THE CASE Зат есімніS т‰уелдік жалCаулары

АCылшын тілінде екі септеу бар: жалпы септеу (The Common
Case) ж‰не т‰уелдік септеу (The Possessive Case)
The Common Case (Жалпы септеу)

Жалпы септеудегі зат есімдер орнына Kарай ‰ртUрлі функцияны атKарады. Егер зат есімдер, с‹йлемде баяндауыштыS алдында тWрса, ол бастауыш болады. Егер зат есімдер с‹йлемде баяндауыштан кейін тWрса, ол тура толыKтауыш болады.
Мысалы: The student recognized the teacher. Студент оKытушыны таныды.
The teacher recognized the student. ОKытушы студентті таныды.
Баяндауыш пен тура толыKтауышты білдіретін зат есімдер арасында жалпы септеудегі басKа адамды білдіретін зат есім тWруы мUмкін. Ондай зат есім жанама толыKтауыш болады.
Мысалы: The teacher showed the students a diagram. ОKытушы диаграмманы студенттерге к‹рсетті.
Зат есімдер жалпы септеуде ‰ртUрлі демеуліктермен Kолданылады.
Мысалы: I have received a letter from my sister. Мен апамнан хат алдым.
He bought a toy for his son. Ол баласына ойыншыK сатып алды.

· Т‰уелдік септіктегі зат есімдер жекеше тUрде -„s жалCауы арKылы жасалады.

· My friends house - МеніS досымныS _йі

· Nurguls brother - Нaрг_лдіS аCасы

· Зат есім к‹пше тUрде болса, онда s жалCауы ж‰не апостраф Kойылады.

· My friends letters - МеніS достарымныS хаттары

· The womens dresses - ‰йелдердіS к‹йлегі

·КUрделі зат есімдерге s жалCауы соSCы с‹зге жалCанады.
· The commander-in-chiefs order.
· My brother-in-laws library

·ЗаттарCа „ofдемеулігі Kолданылады

· The door of the garage (not the garages door) - гараждыS есегі

· The name of the book - кітаптыS аты

· The owner of the restaurant - мейрамхананыS иесі

· Мезгіл UстеулерініS (todays, tomorrows, this evenings, Mondays) т‰уелденуі жалCауы жалCану арKылы жасалады.

· Next weeks exam has been cancelled.

· Have you got yesterdays newspapers?

· Alihan has got two weeks holiday.

·Есте саKтаSыз
It was a three-hour journey.

· a three hour-journey (not a three-hours journey)

· a six-week French course (not weeks)

· two 14-year-old boys (not years)

· a three-page letter (pages)

THE АRTICLE – АРТИКЛЬ

АCылшын тілінде артикльдердіS екі тUрі бар: белгісіздік “a/an” (Indefinite Article), ж‰не белгілілік “the” (Definite Article)
· Белгісіздік артиклі: A/AN: А + дауыссыз дыбыс (consonant)

· Егер с‹з дауыссыз дыбыстан басталса, зат есімніS алдына
a белгісіздік артиклі Kолданылады.
· A child, a doctor, etc.

· AN + дауысты дыбыс (vowel)

· An apple, an umbrella, an hour

“A(AN)” белгісіздік артиклініS Kолданылуы
Белгілілік “THE” артиклініS Kолданылуы

СанауCа келетін зат есімдердіS тек жекеше тUрінде
Do you need an umbrella?
I never wear a hat.
Контексте немесе бір ситуацияда не туралы айтып жатKандыCы наKты белгілі болса a) Can you turn off the light?
b) Id like to speak to the manager, please.

С‹йлеуші заттар мен н‰рселер туралы алCаш рет с‹з KозCап тWрса
I had a sandwich and an apple for lunch.
A man and a woman are sitting opposite me.
Егерде зат есім екінші с‹йлемде Kайталанса
Last year I bought a car. The car was vey expensive.
When I entered the room, I saw a man. The man was very old.

ЗаттыS кім, не екендігі жайлы аныKтама бергенде
Omars father is a lawyer.
Would you like to be an English teacher?
ДUниеде бір-аK тUрі кездесетін Cаламшар атаулары
The earth is millions of kilometers from the sun.
The sun was going down.

СанауCа келетін зат есімдердіS жекеше тUрініS алдында сын есім келсе
My brother is a good driver.
Dastan has bought an expensive car.
Мaхит: the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean.
ТеSіз: the Mediterranean Sea Љзен: the Thames, the Amazon, the Nile
Канал: the Suez Canal, the Panama Canal
Тау тізбектері: the Alps, the



Rockies
Ш‹л далалар: the Gobi, the Sahara Desert

Лепті с‹йлемде санауCа келетін зат есімдердіS жекеше тUрі болса
What a beautiful garden!
What a lovely dress!
СанауCа келетін зат есімдердіS к‹пше тUрі ж‰не санауCа келмейтін зат есімніS алдында артикль Kойылмайды.
Мaражайлар: the British
Museum, the Tate Gallery, the
Louvre
JонаK _йлер: the Station Hotel, the Hilton Hotel
Театрлар/кинотеатрлар/клубт
ар: the palace Theatre, the Odeon Cinema
Газеттер мен кейбір журнал аттары: Washington Post, the
Financial Times, the Times

ТWраKты тіркестерде
A lot of, a great deal of, a few, a little, for a short (long) time, in a loud voice, to be in a hurry, to be in a position to be at a loss, It is a pity; as a result of; as a
matter of fact To have a good time
To have a look
To have a seat
To go for a walk
Vлт атауларыныS алдында a) The Japanese are very industrial people.
b) The French are considered to be conservative people.

Such, quite, rather с‹здерінен кейін жекеше тUрдегі саналатын зат есім келсе
It was such an easy test.
It is rather an old house.
He is quite an old man.
Сын есімніS кUшейтпелі шырайыныS алдында
He is the tallest boy in our class.
She is the most intelligent woman Ive ever met.

Hundred, thousand, million, dozen сан есімдерініS алдында
«one» сан есімі келетін болса a) His case weights a (one) hundred pounds
b) Azat has won a (one) thousand dollars.
Зат есімдердіS алдында реттік сан есім келсе
Your second composition is better than the first.
February is the second month of the year.


Отбасын тUгелдей ‰Sгімелейтін болсаK
a) The Zhandosovs arrived from Astana


Кейбір мемлекеттер мен штаттардыS аттарыныS алдында,
егер олар republic, union, state с‹здерімен тіркесіп келсе The United Kingdom, the United
States the Netherlands


МузыкалыK аспаптардыS атауларыныS алдында the piano, the saxophone


ТaраKты тіркестерде
in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon, the day after tomorrow, on the right (left), on
the whole


THE ZERO АRTICLE
АртикльдердіS Kолданылмайтын кездері

· ЖалKы есімдердіS алдында: кісі аттары: Mansur, Sholpan, Aizhan, Talgat.

·JWрлыKтар мен кейбір елдердіS аттарыныS алдында
Europe, Spain, Asia, Japan.

· Jала аттары: Almaty, Astana, New-York

· Д‰реже, лауазым, атаKты білдіретін зат есімдерініS алдында
Doctor Watson, Lord Byron, Admiral Nelson, Professor Azimov, Mr.White, Comrade Ivanov

· Bылым салаларыныS аттарында I like mathematics and chemistry

·ТWраKты тіркестерде
at night, at home, at work, at first sight, at sunset, by train (bus, boat, tram), in conclusion, by air (water, sea, land), by heart day and night, by chance from morning to (till) night, by mistake

·Breakfast, lunch, dinner с‹здерініS алдында
What time is dinner? We had lunch in a very nice restaurant.

·Егер зат есім сан есіммен тіркесіп келсе (Noun + number) Have you got these shoes in size 38?
I couldnt answer question 8. Page 17, Room 127 etc.

· Мейрам, фестиваль, апта, ай аттарыныS алдында Nauryz, Easter, Christmas, Wednesday

·Егер зат есімдер жалпы (жинаKтау) маCынасында келсе: Dogs are domestic animals.

·К‹ше аттары, саябаK ж‰не алаS аттарыныS алдында
Fifth Avenue, Hyde Park, Times Square, Broadway

·Танымал жер аттары
Егер бWл зат есімніS бірінші с‹зі кісі аты болса, артикльсіз Kолданылады:
Victoria Station, Westminster Abbey, Edinburgh Castle, Buckingham Palace, Cambridge University, Kennedy Airport




School, college, university, work, bed, town, hospital, prison, jail
зат есімдерімен артикльдіS Kолданылуы

Артикль Kолданылмайтын жаCдайлар
A / the aртикльмен Kолданысы

Егер бWл с‹здер жалпы маCынада Kолданылса

· Her brother is in prison for robbery.

· Omar had an accident last week. He was taken to hospital. He is still in hospital now.
Егер белгілі бір
маKсатпен барылатын болса

· She went to the prison to visit his brother

· Azat has gone to the hospital to visit Omar. He is at the hospital now.

































EXERCISES


· 1. Fill in the definite or indefinite article if necessary:
1. a. This house is very nice. Has it got _______ garden?
Its a beautiful day. Lets sit in ________ garden.
I like living in this house but its a pity that ______ garden is so
small.
2. a. Can you recommend _______ good restaurant?
We had dinner in_______ very nice restaurant.
We had dinner in ______ most expensive restaurant in town.
3. a. She has ______ French name but in fact shes English, not French.
Whats _______ name of that man we met yesterday?
We stayed at a very nice hotel – I cant remember ___ name
now.
4. a. There isnt _______ airport near where I live _______ nearest airport is 70 miles away.
Our plane was delayed. We had to wait ________ airport for
three hours.
Excuse me, please. Can you tell me how to get to _____ airport?
5. a „Are you going away next week?
„No, _______ week after next.
Im going away for ________ week in September.
George has a part-time job. He works three mornings ________
week.


· 2. Use the proper article:
1.Come to blackboard and write
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7.I dont feel sympathy towards this man.
8. They are going to build new house.
9.Are rooms in your flat large or small?
10. hour is a long time. In hour you can read newspaper, or write letter.
11.What beautiful music he is playing!
12.In every remark he found meaning but not always the true meaning.
13.There is curiosity in her look.
14. Sand fords have nice house house isnt large but comfortable.


· 3. Find the right answer.
For example: Sue was very helpful. She gave me some good
advice / advices („advice is right)
Margaret has very long black hair/hairs.
We had a very good weather / very good weather when we were on vacation.
Can I help you with your luggage / luggages?
I want to write some letters. I need a / some newspaper.
I want to write some letters. I need a / some writing paper.
Its very difficult to find a work / job at the moment.
Bad news dont / doesnt make people happy.
Our travel / trip from Paris to Frankfurt by train was very interesting.
The apartment is empty. We dont have any furnitures / furniture yet.
When the fire alarm rang, there was a complete chaos / complete chaos.
Can I talk to you? I need an / some advice.
Do you have any experience / experiences?


· 4. Fill in t
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· 30.
Open book at page 29 and start reading.
May is fifth month of the year.
Saturday is day off.


· 5. Fill the sentences with under words. Put the article „the is necessary.
(school, university, hospital)
Why arent your children at school today? Are they ill?
When he was younger, Ted hated . 3. What time does start in the mornings in your country?
A: How do your children get home from ? By bus? B: No, they walk isnt very far.
What sort of job does Jenny want to do w
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12. My brother has always been very healthy. Hes never been in . 13. Peter was injured in an accident and was kept in for a few days.


· 6. Circle a or an in the following sentences. Write “C” on the left if the sentences is correct. Write “NC” if t
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·s an active volcano on the island of Sicily.
______8. On the island of Borneo, there is a snake that can fly or leap up to 20 meters.
______9. The plants and an animals that live on an island may develop to be quite different.


· 7. Fill in the blanks with the correct article a, an, the or
· and translate them.
Island make up ___ entire land area of some countries, including ___ Japan and ___ Philippines.
___ Florida Keys are coastal islands built on coral reefs.
___ Mackinac Island in ___ Lake M
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·s greatest volcanoes, ___ Mauna Loa.
Kilauea is ___ most active volcano in ___ state of ___ Hawaii.
The early settlers of ____ Pacific Islands, ____ Polynesians, always carried ____ coconuts with them in their canoes.
In ___ Indonesia is ___ huge
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·e bar at ___ same time every day and asked for two glasses of ___ soda.
a / the / the / - d) - / the / the / -
a / the / the / a e) a / - / the / a c) a /the / - / -
4. Choose the right answer.
Where theres ____ will, theres ___ way.
a /a d) a
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·shes
Fishies

18. Find the plural form of
“Mouse”
mousies
mousis
mice
mise
mousse

19. Find the correct plural form.
My friend has three_____ a) childs
b) children
20. Choose the right variant.
My parents parents are my _____

chi
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·edge. d) cat.
photo. e) pencil.
picture.








UNIT ІI
THE PRONOUN – ЕСІМДІК

Есімдіктер есім с‹здердіS атын да, белгісін де, санын да атамай тек нWсKап меSзеп к‹рсетеді де, солардыS орнына Kолданылады. Олар маCынасына ж‰не атKаратын Kызметіне Kарай бірнеше топKа б‹лінеді.

Есімдік т_рлері

Personal pronouns
Жіктеу есімдіктері
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

Possessive pronouns
Т‰уелдік есімдіктері
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their, mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs

Demonstrative pronouns
Сілтеу есімдіктері
it, this/these, that/those, same, such

Interrogative pronouns
СWрау есімдіктері
who (whom), whose, which, what (сWраулы с‹йлемдерде)

Self-pronouns
(Reflexive pronouns)
Љздік есімдіктері
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Reciprocal pronouns
ОртаK есімдіктер
each, other, one another

Negative pronouns
Болымсыз есімдіктері
no, nobody, (no one), none, nothing (болымсыз с‹йлемдерде)

Indefinite pronouns
Белгісіздік есімдіктері
some, any, no, all, both, each, every, other, another, one, much, many, (a) little, (a) few,
either, neither


Personal pronouns

Number
Person
The Nominative case
The objective case

Single
I
II
III
I
You
He
She
It
Me
You
Him
Her
It

Plural
I
II
III
We
You
They
Us
You
Them


Possessive pronouns

Т‰уелдік есімдіктері кімніS? неніS? деген сWраKтарCа жауап береді.

Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Pronouns

My our
Your your
His their
Her
Its
Mine ours
Your yours
His theirs
Hers


For example:
Whose bag is this? (Бaл кімніS с‹мкесі)?
Its my bag (Бaл – меніS с‹мкем) / Its mine (Бaл менікі)
This is not my pencil, mine is blue – Бaл меніS Kарындашым емес, менікі – к‹к.

Demonstrative pronouns

Сілтеу есімдіктері нWсKау ж‰не к‹рсету маCыналарын білдіретін есімдіктіS тUрі.

Single form
Plural form

This (мынау, бWл, осы) this week, this year

My brother will go to Turkey this summer.
I am busy at this moment.

These (мыналар, осылар) these
weeks, these years
These are my books.
That (анау, сонау, сол) that week, that year

Asel lives in that house.
At that moment the door opened and a man entered the room.

Those (аналар) those weeks, those years
I like those dresses.

Егер заттар с‹йлеушіге жаKын орналасKан болса, онда this,
Егер заттар с‹йлеушіден біршама KашыKтыKта орналасKан

these сілтеу есімдіктері Kолданылады.
болса, онда that, those сілтеу есімдіктері Kолданылады.


Interrogative pronouns

Сaрау есімдіктері жауап алу маKсаты мен сWрау маCынасында Kойылатын сWраKтар, с‹йлемдерде олар заттыS саны, белгілері, сапасы орналасKан орны туралы сWрайды.
Who? (кім?), what? (не? Kандай?), which? (Kайсысы?
Kай?), whose? (кімдікі?), whom? (кімге?)
Who is that man?
Who (whom) did you meet there?
Whose book is that?
What has happened?
Which chapter did you like best?

Self-pronouns (Reflexive pronouns)

Љздік есімдіктері аCылшын тілінде атау септігінде жіктеу есімдіктерімен Kабаттасып Kолданылады. Жекеше тUрдегі есімдікке - self ал к‹пше тUрдегі есімдіктерге –selves жалCауы жалCанады.

Single form
Plural form

I myself
(‹зім)
I can do it myself
We ourselves
(‹зіміз)
We can do it ourselves

You yourself (‹зіSіз)
You can do it yourself
You yourselves (‹здеріSіз)
You can do it yourself.

He himself
(‹зі)
She herself (‹зі)
It itself (‹зі)
He can do it himself She can do it herself
They themselves
(‹здері)
They can do it themselves


Љздік есімдіктер с‹йлемде есімдіктен кейін немесе с‹йлемніS аяCында келеді. Егер с‹йлемде іс-‰рекетті жасаушы ‹зі екендігі аныK айKындалып тWрса, зат есімнен кейін ‹здік есімдік Kолданылады.
Мысалы:
He himself solved the problem.
I myself will present the prizes.
Negative pronouns
No ж‰не noun болымсыздыK есімдіктері
No – с‹йлемдерде «ешн‰рсе, жоK» маCынасында болымсыз маCына береді.
· No + noun
I have no ticket. = I haven’t a ticket.
I have no time to help you today = I have any time to help you
today
None есімдігі зат есімсіз Kолданылады.
How much money have you got? „None.
Is there telephone in the room? No, there is none

· None + plural word (зат есімніS к‹пше тUрі) a) None of the libraries were (w
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·Біреу, ‰лдекім
Anyone / anybody
No one / nobody ешкім

Things
Something Бір н‰рсе, бірдеSе
Anything
Nothing ЕштеSе, ешн‰рсе

Places
Somewhere Бір жерге, бір жерде
Anywhere
Nowhere Ешжерде, ешKайда






· Some – белгісіздік есімдігі болымды с‹йлемдерде зат есімніS жекеше ж‰не к‹пше тUрлерініS алдында келеді.
Зат есімніS к‹пше тUрініS алдында «бірнеше» деп аударылады.
Aisha bought some books to read.
Nurdaulet asked me some questions.


· Саналмайтын за есімдердіS алдында Kолданылады. a) There is some milk in the fridge.
b) I want to buy some cheese.


· Біреуге Wсыныс жасаCанда, ‰лде Kандай да бір сWраK KойCанда, some есімдігі Kолданылады.
Would you like some coffee?
Can I have some cold water?


· Any есімдігі ‰детте болымсыз ж‰не сWраулы с‹йлемдерде Kолданылады.
We didnt buy any flowers.
There isnt anybody at the door.


· Болымды с‹йлемдерде «кез келген» деген маCынаны береді.
Anybody can do it.
May I play anything I like?

Many ж‰не Much есімдіктері


· Many ж‰не much есімдіктері «к‹п» деген маCынаны білдіреді. Many саналатын, much саналмайтын зат есімдердіS алдында Kойылады. Олар ‰детте сWраулы ж‰не болымсыз с‹йлемдерде Kолданылады.
Many people attended the meeting.
Do you spend much time on your homework?
There isnt much tea left.

· Many ж‰не much есімдіктері very, rather, too, so ж‰не as, how с‹здерімен де Kолданылады.
There are very many illustrations in the magazine.
Arman has so many friends in Astana.
I have spent too much time on this translation.
Кейбір болымды с‹йлемдерде „much a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), a good deal (of), a great deal (of) Kолданылады.

· Many есімдігініS орнына a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of) KолдануCа болады.
We have plenty of time.
There are plenty of English books on the library.


(A) little ж‰не (A) few есімдіктері

A few
a) Asem has been here only two weeks, but she has already made a few friends.
(АсемніS бaл жерге келгеніне екі апта болса да оныS бірнеше досы бар)
a) I feel sorry for her. She has few friends.
(ОныS аз досы бар).
Few ж‰не a few есімдіктері саналатын есімдермен Kолданылады.

Few – „аз
A few – «бірнеше» деген маCынаны білдіреді

A little


Little
Im very pleased. I have a little money (Мен ‹те Kуаныштымын. МеніS біраз аKшам бар).
I have little money. I dont even have enough money to buy some food.
Little, a little
саналмайтын зат есімдермен Kолдыналды.

Little – „азCана, жеткіліксіз a little – «біраз» деген маCынаны білдіреді.


All ж‰не Both есімдіктері

All есімдігі
Both есімдігі

All есімдігі «барлыCы» деген маCынада Kолданылып, саналатын ж‰не саналмайтын зат есімдермен Kолданылады. a) All cars have wheels.
b) All plants need water.
All есімдігі we, you, they жіктеу есімдіктерімен Kолданылады.
a) They all wore shorts. (=All of them wore shorts.)
Both есімдігі тек екі адамCа, екі затKа Kатысты Kолданылады.
«екеуі де» деп аударылады. a) Both cats and dogs are affectionate pets.
Both my brothers live in Astana.
He gave me two books yesterday. I have read both.
Both of these books belong to my mother.

b) We all want to go to the match. (=All of us want to go to the match.)
Есімдіктен кейін к‹мекші етістік немесе модальді етістіктіS алдында Kолданылады.
We have all read this article.
You must all go there. All everybody, everything есімдіктерініS орнына Kолданыла береді.
All were of the
Бaл
same opinion
сaраKKа on this question.
барлыCы
Everybody was бір
of the same opinion on
ойды
this question білдірді.
e) They both graduated from the University last year. = Both of them graduated from the University last year.
Both “to be” етістігінен кейін Kолданылады.
You are both tight.
They were both here.
Есімдіктен кейін к‹мекші етістік немесе модальді етістіктіS алдында Kолданылады.
We must both go there.
We have both been informed about it.


Either ж‰не Neither есімдіктері

Either «екеуініS біреуі» деп аударылады.
You may go by either road.
Either of the examples is correct.
Either or «немесе» деген маCынаCа сай келеді.
He is either in university or in college
Im not sure where he is from. He is either Spanish or Italian.
Есте саKтаSыз!
Either болымсыз с‹йлемдерде де Kолданылады.
I havent seen him either. – Мен де оны к‹рген емеспін.
Neither есімдігі с‹йлемде болымсыздыK маCына береді.
Neither of the flowers is good.
We accepted neither offer.
Neither nor болымсыз маCына береді.
Neither Erlan nor Rashid came to the meeting.
Neither my husband nor I liked this film.
Есте саKтаSыз!
She hasnt seen this film yet. – Ол мына фильмді ‰лі к‹рген жоK.
Neither have I – Мен де.



Each (‰рKайсысы) ж‰не Every (‰рбір) есімдіктері


·Each есімдігі топтыS ‰рбір мUшесіне Kатысты Kолданылады:
Each student in our group has a Kazakh –English dictionary.
Each of us received a ticket to the concert.

·Every есімдігі топKа Kатысты Kолданылып «барлыCы» деген маCыаны білдіреді:
Every citizen has to pay taxes.
I would like to visit every country in the world.




















EXERCISES

· 1. Find the right pronouns.
This is my / mine umbrella. (Your) / yours umbrella is over there.
This is my / mine. The other one is your / yours.
Mary and Bob have their / theirs books. In other words, Mary has her / hers and Bob has his / him.
A honeybee has two wings on each side of its / its body.
Its / Its true that a homing pigeon will find its / its way home even though it begins its / its trip in unfamiliar territory.
I have a pet. Its / Its name is Squeak. Its / Its a turtle. Its / Its been my pet for two years.
Our / Ours house is almost the same as our / ours neighbors house. The only difference in appearance is that our / ours is gray and their / theirs is white.
When I was in Florida, I observed an interesting fish-eating bird called an anhinga.
It / They dives into the water and spears its / its prey on its / its long, pointed bill. After emerging from the water, it / they tosses the fish into the air and catches it / them in mid-air, then swallows it / them headfirst. Its / Its interesting to watch anhinga in action. I enjoy watching it / them.


· 2. Full in a few, (very) few, a little, or (very) little. 1. Do you have ____ minutes? Id like to ask you ____ questions. I need more information.
Dianas previous employer gave her a good recommendation because she makes ____ mistakes in her work.
After Steve tasted the soup, he added ____ salt to it. 4. I dont like a lot of salt on my food. I add ____ salt to my food.
I like music. I like to listen to ____ music after dinner before I begin studying.
Driving downtown to the stadium for the baseball game was easy. We got there quickly because there was ____ traffic.
Jim is having a lot of trouble adjusting to eighth grade. He seems to be unpopular. Unfortunately, he has ____ friends.
Were looking forward to our vacation. were planning to spend ____ days with my folks and then ____ days with my husbands folks. After that, were going to a fishing resort in Canada.
A.: Are you finished?
B.: Not yet. I need _____ more minutes.
A.: Are you finished?
B.: Not yet. I need _____ more time.
I was hungry, so I ate ____ nuts.
Because the family is very poor, the children have ____ toys.
Into each life, _____ rain must fall. (a saying)
Samal likes sweet tea. She usually adds honey to her tea.
Has anyone ever called you on the phone and tried to sell you
something you didnt want? I have _____ patience with people who interrupt my dinner to try to sell me a magazine.
Hes a lucky little boy. Because his parents have taken good care of him, he has had ____ problems in his young life.


· 3. Fill in somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone), something, nothing, everything:
The door is open. There must be at home.
There is wrong with my fountain-pen. It wont write.
A blind man cannot see .
Is there in the room? - Yes, there is in it.
It is too dark here, I cannot see .
If there is in the room you may turn off the light.
7.Can recite the poem?
We must do to help her.
Can I do for you?
There must be interesting in the book you read.
It is too dark, I cant see on the blackboard. May I turn on the light?
We can work in Room No. 20. There is there.
Lets go there at once. I want to see with my own eyes.
May I come to see you tonight? Ive got to tell you. 15. Bob is one of our best students, knows him.
Must we learn by heart? – No, must only prepare the poem for test reading.
There is interesting in this magazine.
Is away from the lesson?


· 4. Fill in the blanks with some, any, not any, much, many, not much, not many, very little, a little, very few, a few:
1.Are there college-graduates among your friends? – Yes, there are
2.Are there students in the next classroom? – No, there arent
I havent got time , I must hurry.
I have time and can help you.
There are cups on the table, but there arent glasses.
I have very time and cant stay any longer.
We know very about it.
8.I have questions to ask.
9.Very people know Doctor Sanford.
10. There are girls in the family, are there?
11.Theres very chalk at the blackboard, go and fetch
There are students in the hall, are there?
There isnt tea in the tea -pot.
There isnt paper in the box , I need more.
There arent pencils in the box, dont take 16. Its a secret. Very people know about it. 17. Please add more tea in my cup.


· 5. Fill in the blanks much, many:
I havent visited _____ city in the United States.
There (isnt/arent) ______ money in my bank account.
I havent gotten ______ mail lately.
I dont get _____ letter.
There (isnt/arent) _____ hotel in my hometown.
There (is/are) ______ too _____ furniture in Anars living room.
There (isnt/arent) ______ traffic today.
There (isnt/arent) ____ car on the road today.
I cant go with you because I have too ____ work to do.
A: How _____ side does a pentagon have? B: Five.
I couldnt find ______ information in that book.
How ______ homework did the teacher assign?
I havent met ______ people since came here.
How ______ postage does this letter need?
I think there (is/are) ______ to ______ violence on television.

· 6. Neither / either / none / any.
We tried a lot of hotels, but ______ of them had any rooms.
I took two books with me on holiday, but I didnt read _____ of them.
There are a few shops at the end of the street, but ______ of them sell newspapers.
You can phone me at ______ time during the evening. Im always at home.
I can meet you next Monday or Friday. Would _____ of those days be convenient for you?
John and I couldnt get into the house because _______ of us had a key.
_______ eat your dinner or go to your room!
“Can you came on Monday or Tuesday?” “I am afraid _____ day is possible”.
______ of my brothers remembered my birthday.


· 7. Each or every.
There were four book
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·____ has ____ questions, Ill be pleased to answer them.
someone / any d) anyone / none
anyone / any e) someone / none
none / any
3. Choose the right pronoun.
I havent read ____ of these books but George has read _____ of them.
none/some d) any / any
no / some e) any / no
any / some
4. Choose the right pronoun.
That pen isnt _____ . ______ is a green one.
my / my d) I /me
his / he e) her / its
mine / mine
5. Choose the right pronoun.
If this hat is ____, where have you put _____ ?

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·n.
She wasnt very hungry. She has just had _____ soup.
few d) little
a few e)much
a little
10. Choose the right pronoun.
There arent ______ jobs for young people.
much d) many
a few e) much
little
11. Choose the right pronoun.
Have you bought... in the shop?
anything D) nobody
somebody E) any
anybody
12. Choose the right pronoun.
Are you waiting for ...?
any D) anуthing
somebody E) anybody
something
13. Choose the right pronoun.
I found ... books on the table yesterday.
anybody's D) anys
somebodys E) somes
nobody
14. Choose the right pronoun.
We have ... new friends. Have you...?
some-some D) some-any
any- some E) no, some
any-any
15. Choose the right pronoun.
...has phoned me last night.
so
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·t eat meat.
Who doesnt eat meat? d) What eats dogs?
What animals eat meat? e) What dont eat meat?
What does eats meat?
24. Choose the right pronoun.
Have you got _____ disks with movies?
anything d) this
some e) she
any
25. Choose the right pronoun.
Im sorry I forgot to inform you about _______ .
that is d) that
those e) these is
this was





UNIT III
THE ADJECTIVE - СЫН ЕСІМ
Сын есім – заттыS, KWбылыстыS сынын, сапасын, сипатын, тUрін, тUсін, т.б. Kасиеттерін білдіретін с‹з табы.

Сын есімніS т_рлері

Simple adjective
(Негізгі сын есім)
Derived adjective
(Туынды сын есім)
Compound adjective
(К_рделі сын есім)
Qualitative adjective
(СапалыK сын есім)
Relative adjective
(Jатысты K сын есім)

Green, nice, small, good
Useful, helpless, famous, formal
Well-known
Red, big, cold, black
Woolen, golden, wooden.


The degree of comparison Сын есімніS шырайлары

Absolute Жай шырай
Comparative Салыстырмалы шырай
Superlative КUшейтпелі шырай

nice hot long
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Кейбір сын есімдердіS салыстырмалы ж‰не кUшейтпелі шырайлары ережеге баCынбайды.

good bad
little many
far
better worse less
much-more
farther -further
the best the worst the lest the most the farthest the furthest

Кейбір сын есімдердіS салыстырмалы ж‰не кUшейтпелі шырайлары –er, -est жWрнаKтарымен ж‰не more, (the) most с‹зі арKылы жасала береді: clever, common, cruel, gentle, pleasant, polite, quite, simple, stupid, tired.

Сын есімдердіS шырайларыныS жасалу жолдары

-er, -est ыныS алдында -y (егер оныS алдында дауыссыз тWрса) –I –Cа ‹згереді.
Lazy – lazier – the laziest
Funny – funnier- the funniest

Егер сын есім дауыссызCа аяKталып, оныS алдында KысKа дауысты тWрса, онда дауыссыз Kосарланады.
Sad-sadder-the saddest
Fat-fatter-the fattest
Big-bigger-the biggest

Егер сын есім –е жалCауына аяKталса, -er, -est жалCаулары жалCанCанда, бWл жалCау тUсіп Kалады.
Nice-nicer-the nicest


Есте саKтаSыз!
АCылшын тілінде бір с‹йлемде зат есімді сипаттайтын бірнеше сын есім келуі мUмкін. Ол сын есімдер белгілі бір орын т‰ртібімен Kолданылады.
She is wearing elegant black high-heeled shoes.

THE ADVERB – ^СТЕУ
Tстеулер – KимылдыS тUрлі белгісін, мезгілін, мекенін, себебін, маKсатын білдіретін с‹з табы.
Tстеулер маCынасына Kарай т‹мендегі топтарCа б‹лінеді:

Мекен _стеулері – adverbs of place:
Амал-‰рекеттіS болу орны мен баCытын білдіреді:
here there above somewhere everywhere nowhere
Осы жерде сонда (сол жерде) жоCарыда; бір жерде; барлыK жерде; еш жерде

Мезгіл _стеулері – adverbs of time
JимылдыS мезгілін білдіреді:
already just lately still

then soon today yesterday tomorrow
‰лдеKашан Kазір Cана соSCы, уаKытта, жаKында; кезге дейін сонан соS жаKында бUгін кеше ертеS

М‹лшер, к_шейту _стеулері – adverbs of degree
Амал-‰рекеттіS м‹лшерін, к‹лемін, белгісі мен сапасын білдіреді.
enough very quite almost nearly even soon
little
hardly much
жеткілікті
‹те, еS ‰бден дерлік
жуыK, таяу тіпті
жаKында аз
KиыншылыK к‹п.

Jимыл-сын
_стеулері – adverbs of manner:
JимылдыS жUзеге асу амалын білдіреді.
well, badly, slowly, nicely, politely, calmly
жаKсы нашар баяу, жай жаKсы сыпайы
Wстамды




Жиілік _стеулері – adverbs of frequency:
always usually often sometimes seldom
Uнемі ‰детте жиі кейде сирек


^стеулердіS шырай формалары
TстеудіS шырай формаларыныS жасалуы сын есімніS шырай формаларыныS жасалуымен бірдей. Дара ж‰не туынды UстеулердіS салыстырмалы шырайы –er, жWрнаCы, ал кUшейтпелі шырайы –est жWрнаCы жалCану арKылы жасалады.

The degree of comparison ^стеулердіS шырайлары

Absolute Жай шырай

Comparative Салыстырмалы шырай
Superlative КUшейтпелі шырай

Slowly Hardly

More slowly More hardly
The most slowly The most hardly


Ерекше жасалатын _стеулер

Well
Badly
Much
Little
Far

Better
Worse
More
Less
Farthest
The best
The worst
The most
The least
The farthest / furthest



EXERCISES


· 1. Fill in the blanks with the comparative or the superlative degrees of the adjectives given in brackets:
Your brother is much ______ than mine.
This island used to be much ______ (green) before the forest fires. 3. Slow down! Youre ______ (fit) than me and I cant keep up!
4. Veronica seems _____ (happy) since she moved schools. 5. Its actually _____ (trendy) to wear your hair up this year.
As the time for the performance got nearer, I got (nervous).
Old people are often _______ (wise) than young people.
Why dont you try and find a ______ (cheap) computer game and save some money?
Matt seems to have got even ______ (lazy) that he used to be and almost never studies.
If the problem gets any _____ (serious), we may need to inform the manager about it.
If you work _____ (quickly), youll finish sooner and then you can go home earlier. 12. Ben says hes feeling much ______ (well) after his illness.
I have even ______ (little) free time this year than I did last year.
The news was much ______ (bad) than anyone had feared.
Youll need to be able to run _____ (far) than this if youre going to do the marathon.


· 2. Fill in the blanks with the comparative or the superlative degrees of the adjectives given in brackets:
I met my (good) friend yesterday.
Dorothy is (young) in her family.
Henry is not (strong) than his elder brother Bob.
– It isnt very warm today, is it? – No, it was (warm) yesterday.
Your friend looked upset yesterday. Im glad he looks (happy) today.
Where is the (near) post-office, please?
February is the (short) month of the year
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·13. Im getting (fat) and (fat).
14. The problem was (serious) we expected. 15. Lets go by train. Its much (cheap).


· 3. Fill in the blanks with one of the words in the box.
Small big smaller bigger bigge
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4. Use the adjectives (adverbs) in brackets in the suitable degrees of comparison:
The text of lesson 5 is (interesting) than this one.
I live far from the studio but my friend lives (far).
This sculpture group is the (beautiful) in the collection.
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5. Put the constructions as as
I need you right away! Please come - Please come as soon as possible.
We cant go any further. This is - This is as far as we can go. 3. I cant work any faster. Im working
An orange is sweeter than a lemon. In other words, an orange is not
A stream is usually much narrower than a river. In other words, a stream isnt
I had expected the test to be difficult, and it was. In other words, the test was just
Its important to use English every day. You should practice speaking English
Youre only old if you feel old. You are young
You might think its to do, but its not quite
It takes an hour to drive to the airport. It takes an hour to fly to Chicago. In other words, it takes .


· 6. Under
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·s Segovia is the more famous classical guitarist in the world.
It is said that a special varnish used on a violin helps to produce the more beautiful tone.


· 7. Adverb or adjective?
The driver of the car was _____ injured. (serious / seriously)
The
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·He says he didnt do well at school because he was _____ taught. (bad / badly)
Dont go up that ladder. It doesnt look _____ . (safe / safely)
He looked at me_____when I interrupted him. (angry/angrily)
TESTYOURSELF

1. Choose the right variant.
It was _____ music I have ever d) beautiful
heard. e) most beautiful
more beautiful 2. Choose the right
less beautiful variant.
the most beautiful
Its _____ powder I have ever used.
good d) best
– e) better
the best
3. Choose the right v
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·) The least
More difficult e) Hot
New
Choose the right variant.
Please, give me this bouquet of flowers. I think it is ____ than the rest ones.
But its ____ .
Never mind. Ill buy it.
beautiful / expensive d) beautiful / most
more beautiful / more expensive
expensive e) most beautiful / most
the most beautiful / most expensive
expensive







UNIT IV
THE NUMERAL - САН ЕСІМ
ЗаттыS немесе заттыK WCымдар мен KWбылыстардыS санын, м‹лшерін, ретін білдіретін с‹з табы сан есім деп аталады.

1.1. Есептік сан есімдер “Kанша” деген сaраKKа жауап береді.

For example:
5 – five 356 – three hundred and fifty-six 56 – fifty six 101 – a hundred and one four-fourteen – forty; five – fifteen – fifty

· Hundred, thousand, million, dozen сан есімдерініS алдына a белгісіздік артикльі немесе one деген сан есім Kойылады. For example:
a (one) hundred, a (one) thousand, a (one) million

· К‹пше тUрде hundred, thousand, million, dozen сан есімдеріне –s жалCауы жалCанбайды, оларCа Kатысты зат есімге жалCанады. For example:
two million dollars, three dozen bottles

· Алайда hundred, thousand, million, dozen сан есімдері жUздіS, мыSныS белгісіз санын к‹рсетсе –s жалCауы жалCануы мUмкін. БWл жаCдайда олар зат есім болып саналады да, of Kосымшасы арKылы Kолданылады. For example:
Hundreds of students were present at the meeting.
Thousands of people greeted the Russian representatives.

1.2 Реттік сан есімдер патша аттары, ханшайым ж‰не Рим папасы аттарымен Kолданылады.

Henry the Eighth – Генри VIII
Elizabeth the Second – Елизавета II



1.3 АCылшын тіліндегі даталар
30 March 1995 – the thirtieth of March or March the thirtieth, nineteen ninety-five
16.06.1900 – the sixteenth of June or June the sixteenth, nineteen hundred
2006 – two thousand and six or twenty or six

1.4 Fractional numbers – Б‹лшектік сан есімдер

1/3 - third
1 / 2 – a (one) half
2/3 – two thirds
ј - a (one) quarter, a (one) fourth
5/6 – five sixth
2/3 – two thirds or two over three
0.1 – zero point one (AmE)
0.1 – nought point one or point one 0.01 – nought point nought one or point nought one
2.35 – two point three five
52.35 – five two (fifty two) point three five
ОндыK б‹лшектерде б_тін сан б‹лшектен н_кте арKылы
б‹лінеді де „point болып, ал 0 (н‹л) nought немесе zero болып оKылады.


1.5 Telling the time

- What is the time? What time is it?

· 10 a.m. – it is ten a.m.

· 10.15 – its a quarter past ten.
· 6.30 – its six thirty or half past six.

· 7 p.m. – it is seven p.m.

· 8.45. – its a quarter to nine.

· 4.30 – its four thirty or half four.

· 3.10 – its ten past three

a.m. – ante meridiem – т_ске дейін
p.m. – post meridiem – т_стен кейін


1.6 Money
British money

·1 - one pound

· 5.20 – five ponds twenty

· 40p – forty pence
· 1 p – one penny
American money

· $ 1 – one dollar

· 1 c – one cent

· $ 9.50 – nine dollars fifty
European money

· 1 - one euro

· 0.50 - fifty cents

· 6.50 - six euros fifty

1.7 Telephone numbers

ТелефонныS ‰рбір цифры жеке оKылады. Егер телефонныS номері бірдей сан болса, онда double с‹зі Kолданылады. For example:

· 50 44 38 65 33 – five oh double four three eight six five double three


EXERCISES

· 1. Write down in written form
100 - ________________
1.450 - _____________
1.000 - _______________
$1.85 - _______________
2.000 - ______________
3rd - _________________
2nd - ________________
29.99 - ______________
55.000 - ________________
25.000 - ______________


· 2. Put the words in necessary form:
He had to sign his name five ______ times. (hundred)
Wee export 40 ______ tons a year. (million)
I just need to borrow a few ______ pounds. (hundred)
Ive told you ______ times. (million)
_______ refugees are floodin
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3. Give the dates in written form.
15 May 1964 - _______________
9 March 1973 - _____________
December 7, 2005 - _______________
July 11, 1982 - ________________
November 10, 2000 - _______________
27.05.1998 - _________________
03.07.2007 - _____
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Ninety fifteen
Nineteen fifty

The twentieth and fifth of November.
The twenty-fifth of November.
The twentieth fifth of November.
The thirty and fifth of November.

c) The twenty-fifth of November.
3. Find the right answer:
One hundred a
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two hundred sixty-five.
two hundred sixty-fifth.
two hundreds and sixty-five.
two hundreds sixty-five. 11. 8. Choose the right variant.
„9/3
e) two hundred and sixty-five.

The ninth of March.
March and the nine.
Nine and March.
12. Choose
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One thousand and nine hundred and ninety six.
One double nine six.
One thousand nine hundred ninety-six.
One ninety-nine and six.
Nineteen ninety-six.
18. Find the right variant of the ordinal number:
„8.000.000
Eight thousand and hundred. d) Eight thousands and
Eight millions. hundreds.
Eight million. e) Eight thousands and a
hundred.
19. Find the right variant:
Yesterday I phoned you for a . times, but you didnt pick up the receiver.
Hundredth. d) The hundreds.
Hundreds. e) Th
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THE VERB – ЕТІСТІК
ЕтістіктіS т_рлері

1. Негізгі етістік
to run, to go, to try, to speak, to take

2. Туынды етістік
to unpack, to shorter, to discover, to discharge, to rename

3. КUрделі етістік
to look through, to look up, to broadcast


ШаKтар т‹рт топKа б‹лінеді:
Indefinite (Simple) Tenses
Continuous (Progressive) Tenses
Perfect Tenses
Perfect Continuous Tenses












THE PRESENT SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE

The Present Indefinite Uнемі істелетін к‰сіби ж‰не басKа кUнбе-кUнгі ‰рекетті, адамзатKа, CаламатKа т‰н Uйреншікті, даCдылы жалпы Kимыл, KозCалыс, амал, іс-‰рекетті к‹рсетеді.

A habitual action – тWраKты, ‰деттегі, жиі Kайталанатын ‰детке айналCан іс-‰рекет I run every morning.
She works at a restaurant.
A General fact – ЖалпыCа белгілі м‰лім аKиKат, шындыK The sun rises in the east.
It rarely rains in the desert.
Future timetables – кестеге байланысты келешекте болатын іс-‰рекеттер
The ticket office opens at 9:00.
The plane to Astana takes off at 6.40 a.m.


· Present Indefinite Tense жасалу жолы
СWраулы ж‰не болымсыз с‹йлемдерде –do, -does к‹мекші етістігі Kолданылады.


· Жиі Kолданылатын мезгіл пысыKтауыштары: always, ever, never, as a rule, every day, (week, month, year), now and then, generally, seldom, occasionally, usually, regularly, rarely, sometimes, from time to time.


Positive

Negative


I
You
We
They

sleep
I
You
We
They

do not
(dont)

sleep

He
She
It

sleeps
He
She
It
does not
(doesnt)
sleep



Questions


Answers



Do

I
you we they
sleep?

Yes,
I
you we they
do




No,

do not
(dont)


Does


he
she it
sleep?
Yes,
he
she it
does





No,








does not
(doesnt)


The Present Indefinite формасындаCы етістіктерге бірінші, екінші жаKта жекеше ж‰не к‹пше тUрде жіктік жалCау жалCанбайды, тек жекеше тUрде Uшінші жаKта жіктік жалCау –s болып жалCанады.

· ЕтістіктіS болымсыз ж‰не сWраулы тUрі -do, -does к‹мекші етістігі арKылы жасалады.

· Егер етістік –ch, -ss, -sh, -x ж‰не –o жалCауларына аяKталса, - es жалCауы жалCанады. I brush – he brushes
I teach – he teaches
I fix – he fixes
I go – he goes

· Егер етістік «дауыссыз + у» аяKталса, -у ‰рпі –і ‰рпіне айналады да, -ies жалCауы жалCанады.
I try – he tries

· Егер етістік «дауысты + у» аяKталса, -s жалCауы жалCанады.
I buy – he buys

Adverbs of Frequency

always almost always
usually often frequently generally sometimes occasionally
_______________

seldom rarely hardly ever almost never not ever, never
Жиілік Uстеулері ‰детте с‹йлемніS ортасында Kолданылады.
I sometimes get up at 6:30
Sometimes I get up at 6:30

Subject Freq.adv Verb a) Omar always tells the truth.
Жиілік Uстеулері бастауыш ж‰не етістіктіS ортасында келеді.

Subject be Freq.adv.
b) Mansur is always on time.
Жиілік Uстеулері be (am, is, are) к‹мекші етістігінен кейін келеді.

c) Do you always eat breakfast?
СWраулы с‹йлемдерде жиілік Uстеулері бастауыштан кейін келеді.

I usually dont eat breakfast.
Dana doesnt always eat breakfast.
Болымсыз с‹йлемдерде жиілік UстеулердіS к‹бі болымсыз етістіктіS алдында келеді. (always, ever UстеулерініS басKасы)

f) ДWрыс: He never eats meat.
БWрыс: He doesnt never eat meat.
Rarely, hardly, ever, never болымсыз Uстеулері болымсыз маCынадаCы етістікпен Kолдынылмайды.


THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE

An activity that is in progress at the moment – Kазір, берілген уаKытта болып жатKан іс-‰рекет. Mary is watching TV right now.
Im taking 5 courses this semester.
Future arrangements – алдын ала іске асырылуы ойластырылып KойCан іс-‰рекет
Im going to Sweden next winter.
Theyre moving into their new house next week.

Present Progressive Tense жасалу жолы:
Xaбарлы с‹йлемде am/is/are к‹мекші етістіктері ж‰не V+ing
СWраулы ж‰не болымсыз с‹йлемдерде am/is/are к‹мекші етістіктері Kолданылады.
Мезгіл пысыKтауыштар: now, right now, at the moment, always, constantly, still.

Positive

Negative


I
am working

I

am not



working

You
We
They

are working
You
We
They

are not
(arent)


He
She
It

is working
He
She
It

is not
(isnt)




Questions


Answers



Am


I





working?

Yes,

I


am


Are

you we they

Yes,
you we they
are






No,








are not
(arent)


Is
he
she it

Yes,
he
she it
is




No,

is not
(isnt)



·Егер етістік –е жалCауына аяKталса, - ing суффиксі жалCанCанда да, с‹з соSындаCы –е ‰рпі тUсіп Kалады.
dance – dancing


· Егер етістік –l жалCауына аяKталса суффиксі жалCанCанда
-l жалCауы екі еселенеді.
travel – travelling


· Егер етістік –ie жалCауына аяKталса –y + -ing , жалCанады.
lie-lying; die-dying

АCылшын тілінде сезімді білдіретін кейбір етістіктер (verbs of mental and emotional state) осы шаKа байланысты болса да,
(-ing) формасын Kабылдамайды.

Common verbs of state condition


1. Mental state

know believe imagine realize feel doubt
understand suppose remember recognize think forget
want need desire mean
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· БіраK кейбір етістіктер –ing формасын Kабылдайды. For example:
Yum! This food tastes good. I like it very much.
This food is tasting good. Im liking it very much.
The chef is in his kitchen. He is tasting the sauce.
It tastes too salty.
He doesnt like it.

A, D, E мысалдарында етістік сезім ж‰не Kабылдау сезімдерді білдіргендіктен олар –ing формасын Kабылдамайды.
B C мысалдарында аспаздыS іс-‰рекетін баяндаCандыKтан,
–ing формасын Kажет етеді.

THE PAST SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE

An action that began and ended at a specific time in the past – іс-‰рекет, оKиCалар ‹ткен шаKта басталып, ‹ткен шаKта аяKталады.
We won a gold medal last year.
They spent their holidays in Switzerland last month. They had a great time.
An action that occurred over a period of time and was completed in the past – іс-‰рекеттердіS бірінен кейін бірініS келуі, Kарапайым Kайталанып келетін іс-‰рекеттер
She cooked the meal first than she ate with her family.
Past Indefinite Tense жасалу жолы.
СWраулы ж‰не болымсыз формада did к‹мекші етістігі Kолданылады.
Хабарлы с‹йлемде дWрыс етістіктерде (regular verbs) инфинитив формасына ed жалCанады.
БWрыс етістіктер (irregular verbs) инфинитивтіS 2-ші формасын Kабылдайды (бWрыс етістіктер таблицасынан к‹ре аласыздар).
Мезгіл Uстеулер: last week, last night, yesterday, an hour ago, in 1973, during

Positive

Negative


I
You
We
They

swam
I
You
We
They

did not
(didnt)

swim

He
She
It

swam
He
She
It
did not
(didnt)

swim



Questions


Answers



Did

I
you we they
swim?
Yes,
I
you we they
did




No,

did not
(didnt)


Did


he
she it
swim?
Yes,
he
she it
did





No,








did not
(didnt)

THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE

1. An interrupted action - ‹ткен шаKта екі іс-‰рекеттіS бір уаKытта болуы
While the children were watching TV, their mother was cooking.
I was watching the Olympics on TV, when he walked in.
2. A repeated or continuous state in the past - ‹ткен шаKта белгілі уаKыт аралыCында болCан іс-‰рекет At three oclock yesterday afternoon they were sitting at a cafй. I was making many new friends at the Olympic Village.

Past Progressive Tense жасалу жолы.
Past Progressive Tense to be к‹мекші етістігі was/were ж‰не негізгі етістікке -ing жалCау жалCану арKылы жасалады.


· Жиі Kолданылатын мезгіл пысыKтауыштар:
while, all day long, all the time, the whole evening

Positive

Negative


I
was playing

I

was not



playing

You
We
They

was playing
You
We
They

were not
(werent)


He
She
It

was playing
He
She
It

was not
(wasnt)




Questions


Answers



Was


I





playing?

Yes,

I


was


Were

you we they

Yes,
you we they
were





No,








were not
(werent)


Was
he
she it

Yes,
he
she it
was




No,

was not
(wasnt)


EXERCISES


· 1. Use the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets:
Mark: Are you looking . (you/look) for someone?
Alan: Yes, . I need (I need) to speak to Neil. he isnt in his office. Mark: (1) (he / talk) to the boos at the moment. (2) (I / think) (3) . (they / discuss) money.
Alan: Oh, right. And what about you? (4) .. (you / look) for someone too?
Mark: Yes, Linda. (5) (you / know) where she is?
Alan: Oh, she isnt here today. She only (6) .. work four days a week. (7) .. (she / not / work) on Fridays. Shell be here on Monday.
Mark: Thank you. (8
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(I / agree). Well, (14) .. (I / waste) my time here then, Ill get back to my computer.


· 2. Find the right form of the verb in the dialogue.
Emma: Hi, Mike. What do you look / are you looking at?
Michael: Oh, hi. These are photos of mine when I was a child.
Emma: Oh, look at this one. I think / Im thinking you look lovely, Mike.
Michael: I have / Im having some more photos here. Emma: Look at this. Why such a big coat?
Michael: It was my brothers. Thats why it didnt / it wasnt fitting properly.
Emma: Oh, I see / Im seeing. And you have / youre having your tea here. And in this one you think / youre thinking about something very serious.
Michael: This is a photo of the village. I come / Im coming from.
Emma: Oh, thats nice.
Michael: And I caught this fish, look. It weighted / it was weighing about half a kilo.
Emma: What a nice little boy!

· 3. Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous?
Elizabeth usually goes / is usually going to bed at around
eleven oclock.
Dan talks / is taking on the other phone right now.
We dont eat / arent eating any meat at the moments as were both on a diet.
Does air travel get / I air travel getting increasingly.
My mum calls / is calling me every weekend without fail.
How much do babysitters generally earn / are babysitters generally earning?
You always come / Youre always coming up with excuses for not having done your homework. Its so annoying!
I dont go / Im not going out much during the week but I always try / Im always trying to go out somewhere on Saturday night.
No, the train does stop / is stopping at Cirencester on Saturdays.
My mum takes / is taking part in ice-skating competitions almost every weekend.


· 4. Use the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous instea
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· Present Indefinite and the Present Continuous quite well? 9.What you (to smile), Kitty?
11. I often (to meet) you at the corner of this street. You (to wait) for anybody?
12.You usually (to go) through the park? – Not usually, its only today that I (to go) here.
13.You (to hear) anything? – Yes, somebody (to knock) at the door.
14.They still (to discuss) where to go now.

· 5. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Indefinite or Present Continuous:
1. Look up! The sun . so brightly. (to shine)
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6. Open the brackets, using Past Simple or Past Continuous.
When Martin . (arrive) home, Anna (talk) to someone on the phone. Martin . (start) to get the tea.
I (lie) in the bath when the phone . (ring). It .. (stop) after a few rings.
It
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I _____ an interesting book at the moment. Ill return it to the library when Ive finished
read d) would read
am reading e) had read
shall read
2. George _____ to the dentist every month.
is going d) has gone
goes e) shall go
will go
3. Where
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·but now I (play) the piano.
Play; am playing d) Are playing/play
Am playing/play e) Am playing/is play
Is playing/play
14.Choose the right variant of the main verb.
At nine oclock yesterday morning we ______ for the bus.
wait d) were waiting
w
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·was reading
was sitting, reading










UNIT VI
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Have (has) + Past Participle
Ann action that began in the past and continues in the present - БWрын басталып, белгілі уаKытKа созылып, ‰лі де жалCасып жатKан іс-‰рекет.
They have been friends for five years. She has been training for two years.
Repetition of an action before now – Kазіргі уаKытпен байланысы бар аяKталCан іс-‰рекет He has been to the Olympic several times.
Alihan has received three e-mails this morning.

Present Perfect tense жасалу жолы
Present Perfect tense have, has к‹мекші етістіктері ж‰не етістіктіS 3-ші формасы (Past Participle)


· Жиі Kолданылатын мезгіл пысыKтауыштар
already, ever, never, just, yet, lately, so far


Positive
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Since ж‰не For с‹здерініS Kолданылуы

since seven oclock since Monday since December
I have been here since 1983 since February 3, 2007 since last month
Since с‹зі ай, кUн, саCат,
жылдармен Kолдынылады.
Since бір іс-‰рекеттіS белгілі бір уаKытта ‹ткен шаKта басталCанын ж‰не Kазіргі уаKытKа дейін жалCасып жатKандыCын к‹рсетеді.

I have lived here since I was a child


for twenty minutes for three hours for seven days
I have been here for about three weeks
for almost five month
for many years for a long time
For с‹зі уаKыт созылыSKылыCын к‹рсетеді.

Егер зат есім – s жалCауына аяKталса (hours, days, weeks) for Kолданылады.


THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Have (has) been + Present Participle
Expressing the duration of an action that began in the past and continues in the present - Бaрын басталып, белгілі уаKытKа созылып, Kазір де жалCасып жатKан iс-‰рекетті білдіреді. John has been swimming for two hours.
He has been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes.
An action that began in the past and has just recently ended
– Бaрын басталып, белгілі уаKытKа созылып, Kазір Cана аяKталCан ж‰не Kорытындысы аныK іс-‰рекетті білдіреді. Have you been crying? Your eyes are red.
He is dirty. He has been playing football.

Present Perfect Continuous жасалу жолы.
Present Perfect Continuous have been/has been к™мекші етістіктері ж‰не негізгі етістікке -ing жалCауы жалCанады.

Positive


Negative


I
You
We
They


have been


digging
I
You
We
They


have not been



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· ж‰не Present Perfect Continuous айырмашылыCы


· He has been typing letters all day.

· How many letters has he typed?
· He has typed ten letters today.

БWл с‹йлемде іс-‰рекеттіS Kанша уаKытKа дейін созылып жатKандыCын к‹реміз.
БWл с‹йлемде іс-‰рекеттіS аяKталCандыCы ж‰не іс-‰рекеттіS н‰тижесі маSызды


THE PAST PERFECT

Had + Past Participle
A past action that occurred before another action in the past – бір іс-‰рекеттіS басKа ‹тіп кеткен іс-‰рекеттен немесе с‰ттен бWрын басталCанын білдіреді.
She had just left when I arrived there.
They had already reserved the table when they went to the restaurant.
An action that was expected to occur in the past - ‹тіп кеткен іс-‰рекеттіS бір с‰ттен бWрын басталып, ‰лі де сол с‰тте жалCасып жатKанын білдіреді.
I had hoped to get their decision before.
He had injured his legs in a car accident.

The Past Perfect Tense жасалу жолы
The Past Perfect Tense к‹мекші етістік has + Past Partciple арKылы жасалады.


· Мезгіл пысыKтауыштары:
For, since, ti
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·urred before another action in the past year – ‹тіп кеткен іс-‰рекеттіS басKа ‹тіп кеткен іс-‰рекеттіS басталар кезіне дейін KаншалыKты WзаK болCанын к‹рсетеді.
She had been completing for six years before she tried out for the Olympics last year.
They had been skating together for five years before they entered the competition.
An action occurring recently before another action in the past - ‹ткен шаKтыS ішінде екінші бір іс-‰рекет басталCанCа дейін болып ‹ткен созылыSKылы ‹ткен шаK.
He looked tired because he had been running for six hours. He had been working hard that day, so he was tried.

The Past Perfect Tense жасалу жолы
The Past Perfect Tense had been к‹мекші етістігі ж‰не негізгі етістікке -ing жалCауы жалCану арKылы жасалады.
· Мезгіл пысыKтауыштар:
For, since, until, before


Positive


Negative


I
You
We
They


had been


digging
I
You
We
They


had not been


digging

He
She
It

had been

digging
He
She
It

had not been

digging



Questions


Answers




Had
I
you we they

been digging?
Yes,
I
you we they
had





No,


had not


Had
he
she it

been digging?
Yes,
he
she it
had





No,

had not



EXERCISES


· 1. Fill the sentences with the following words. already * before * ever * for * just * rarely * since * so * still * yet 1. Have you . dreamt of winning the lottery?
I havent worked out how to set the timer on the video.
My dads lived in the same house he was born.
The films only been on a couple of minutes. 5. Bruce has knocked three men out of the competition far.
I get the chance to get any exercise – Im just too busy.
Hes only got home.
Its eleven oclock and Todd hasnt come home. Where could he be?
Ive never met Ruth Whats she like? 10. Have you finished ? That was quick!


· 2. Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous?
It (snow) all day. I wonder when it will stop.
We (have) three major snowstorms so far this winter. I wonder how many more we will have.
Its ten p.m. I (study) I wonder how many more we will have. 4. I (write) them three times, but I still havent received a reply.
The telephone (ring) . four times in the last hour, and each time it has been for my office mate.
The telephone (ring) for almost a minute. Why doesnt someone answer it?
A.: (you, be) . able to reach Bob on the phone yet?
B.: Not yet. I (try) for the last twenty minutes, but all I get is a busy signal.
A.: Hi, Jenny. I (see, not) you for weeks. What (you, do)
. lately?
B.: Studying.
A.: What are you going to order for dinner?
B.: Well, I (have, never) vegetarian pizza, so I think Ill order that.
A.: Whats the matter? Your eyes are red and puffy. (you, cry)
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3. Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous? 1. Someone (eat) all the cakes. Ill have to buy some more.
What (you buy) your sister for her birthday?
My throat is really sore. I (sing) all evening.
Brenda (learn) . Russian, but she finds it difficult. 5. How many people (you invite) . to your party?
Those two for cats (sit) on that branch for the last party?
It (rain) all day! Why cant it stop?
Diana (wear) . twelve different dresses in the park week!
I (do) everything you asked. What should I do now?
Graham and Pauline (try) to find a house for ages, but they cant find one they can afford.


· 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper present tense (Present Simple, Present Continuous or Present Perfect):
It is rainin
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·s Sunday morning. On Sundays we usually to the country. (to go) I must be ready by nine oclock as my friends are to call for me at 9 sharp. I already my bed and the floor. (to do, to sweep) Now I my hair: I and it, and I a scarlet band
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·t down) While Mother the coffee into our cups, I some sandwiches. (to pour, to prepare) “What your plans for today?” Mother asks me. (to be) “We havent made up our minds yet.” “I think youd better go to some place near the sea,” Mother says.

· 5.
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· in the Crimea?
While traveling in the Crimea I (to meet) your friend.
I never (to visit) that place.
He (to visit) that place last year.
I just (to get) a letter from Tom.
You (to take) any photographs while traveling in the south?


· 6. Open
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· 1990.
She already (to do) her homework for two hours; but she (not yet to do) half of it.
I (to wait) for you since two oclock.
What you (to do)? – I (to read) for already two hours. I already (to read) sixty pages.
This man (to be) a writer. He
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·ne) ever since we got up. 19. Every day I (to wind) up my watch at 10 oclock in the evening.
Come along, Henry, what you (to do) now? I (to wait) for you a long time.
Where your gloves (to be)? – I (to put) them into my pocket.

TEST YOURSELF

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· e) Having already left for
Had already left for
13. Choose the right variant of the main verb.
Present Perfect. He (not/ receive) any letters from her this week.
Hasnt receive d) Hadnt received
Havent received e) Hasnt have received
Hasnt received
Choose the right variant of the main verb.
Present Perfect. I (not/ hear) from him since he left Paris.
Havent hear d) Hasnt heard
Havent heard e) Hadnt heard
Havent have heard
Choose the right variant of the main verb. Present Perfect. I (not/ see) Tom for ages.
Havent see d) Hasnt seen
Havent seen e) Hadnt see
Not seen
Choose the right variant of the main verb.
Present Perfect. you (have) a holiday this year?
Have you had d) Have has you had
Has you had e) Having
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·e) Have you ever ridden
Have has you ever ridden
Choose the right variant of the main verb. Present Perfect/ Past Simple. We (not/ have) a holiday last year.
Didnt have d) Hasnt have
Havent had e) Dont has
Hadnt have
Choose the right variant o
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Bought, havent worn e) Had buy, didnt
Have bought, wore wearing
Had bough, didnt wear
Had bough, dont wear











UNIT VII
THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
Will + infinitive (without „to)
Predicting something that is likely to happen in the future –
Келешекте болатын іс-‰рекеттер You will win the race. I know it.
Expressing willingness to do something – I will go with you if you like.
Making a decision at the time of speaking - I will call you in a few minutes then.
Future Indefinite Tense I think немесе Perhaps с‹здерімен Kолданылады, сонымен Kатар болашаKта болатын іс-‰рекетті к‹рсетеді.
I think it will rain tomorrow.
Perhaps she will be late for her lesson. Future Indefinite Tense жасалу жолы
Present Indefinite Tense к‹мекші етістік will ж‰не етістіктіS алCашKы нысаны Іnfinitive (to б‹лшегінсіз) арKылы жасалады.
Future Indefinite Tense іс-‰рекеттіS асырылуын к‹рсетеді, дегенмен to be going to формасына KараCанда, іс-‰рекеттіS алдынала жоспарланCаны емес, кенеттен болCанын к‹рсетеді. - The phone is ringing! - Ill answer it.

·Мезгіл пысыKтауыштары:
Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week (month, year)


Positive


Negative


I
You
We
They


will


sing
I
You
We
They


will not


sing

He
She
It

will

sing
He
She
It

will not

sing



Questions


Answers



Will
I
you
sing?

Yes,
I
you
will


we they

No,
we they
will not


Will

he
she it
sing?

Yes,
he
she it
will




No,

will not


АCылшын тілінде келер шаKтыS басKа шаKтарда к‹рінуі

Т_рі
Jолданылатын кездері
Мысалдар

1. to be going to + инфинтив
ЖаKында іске асырылуы ойластырылып KойCан іс-
‰рекет
She is going to visit his grandmother.
They are going to play tomorrow.

2. Present
Continuous
(Progressive)
ЖаKында іске асырылуы ойластырылып KойCан іс-
‰рекеттер, ‰детте іс-Kимыл етістіктермен (to come, to leave, to start, to arrive, to fly, etc.) жасалады.
I am leaving Almaty today.
I am coming tomorrow.
We are starting next week.
George is arriving in the evening.

3. Present
Simple
(Indefinite)
Кестеге, графикке ж‰не баCдарламаCа байланысты
ойластырылып KойCан іс-
‰рекет
The bus leaves at
6.30.
The lesson begins in five minutes.

4. Модаль
етістігі to be to +
инфинитив
Келісім бойынша жаKында орындалуы керек іс-‰рекет
We are to go on
Friday. Who is to clean the house today?


FUTURE CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE

1. An action that will continuing at a particular time in the future – Келешекте белгілі уаKыт аралыCында болатын іс-‰рекет. This time next week I will be training for the race.
This time next month well be lying on a beach or swimming in the sea.
The Future Continuous Tense жасалу жолы
The Future Continuous Tense к‹мекші етістік will be ж‰не етістіктіS алCашKы нысаны Іnfinitive (to б‹лшегінсіз) арKылы жасалады.


Positive


Negative


I
You
We
They


will be


be flying
I
You
We
They


will not be

flying

He
She
It

will be

be flying
He
She
It

will not b
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· болашаKта белгілі мезгілге дейін аныK бітетін, орындалатын іс-‰рекет
They will have finished their meeting by four oclock this afternoon.
By next June I will have participated in four Olympics.

Future Perfect tense жасалу жолы
Future Perfect tense will have ж‰не етістіктіS ‹ткен шаKтаCы есімше Past Participle (Participle II) формасы арKылы жасалады.


· Мезгіл пысыKтауыштар:
By that time, by then, by Sunday, by the end of the year, by now.


Positive


Negative


I
You
We
They


wil
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· Келер шаKтаCы белгілі бір уаKытKа дейінгі созыSKылы уаKытты білдіреді

By the next May I will have been training at this gym for eleven years.

Future Perfect Continuous tense жасалу жолы
Future Perfect Continuous tense к‹мекші етістік will have been ж‰не негізгі етістікке –ing жалCауы жалCану арKылы жасалады.


Positive


Negative


I
You
We
They

will have been


walking
I
You
We
They

will not have been

walking

He
She
It

will have been

walking
He
She
It

will not
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The Future in the Past - ‹ткен шаKта болу керек іс-‰рекетті келер шаKта білдіреді.
Last time I saw you, were going to start a new job.


· The Future in the Past жасалу жолы
The Future in the Past к‹мекші етістіктер ‹ткен шаKтыS формасында Kолданылады.
is going to was / were going to
will would
In 1968 I arrived in the town where I would spend the next 10 years of my life.
He knew she would return the following week.

“To be going to” обороты

· “To be going to” обороты келер шаKтаCы іс-‰рекетті білдіреді. Future Simple-дан “to be going to” оборотыныS айырмашылыCы:
1. Алдын-ала жоспарланCан іс-Kимыл
Im going to watch the next programme.
Rachel and Vicky are going to spend two weeks in Hawaii. 2. НаKты іс-‰рекетті білдіреді.
My sister is going to have a baby next month. Do you think it is going to rain?
This bag isnt very strong. Its going to break.

· “Тo be going to” обороты ‰детте to go етістігімен Kолдынылмайды. ОныS орнына Present Continuous Kолданылады:
We are going to go out this evening. (= We are going out this evening)

· “To be going to” жасалу жолы
“To be going to”: to be + going to + infinitive


Positive


Negative


I
am going
to

post


I
am not going to
post



You
We
They

are going to


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1. Put the verb in brackets into the Future Continuous or Future Perfect:
Dont phone between 7 and 8. (we / have) dinner then.
Phone me after 8 oclock (we/finish) by then.
Tomorrow afternoon were going to play tennis from 3 oclock until 4.30. So at 4 oclock, (we/play) tennis.
A.: Can we meet tomorrow? B.: Yes, but not in the afternoon. . (I/work).
Ben has to go to a meeting which begins at 10 oclock. It will last about an hour.
A.: Will, you be free at 11.30?
B.: Yes, (the meeting/end) by then.
Ben is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly. If he continues like this, . (he/spend) all his money before the end of his holiday. 7. Do you think (you/still/do) the same job in ten years time?
Lisa is from New Zealand. She is travelling around Europe at the moment. So far she has travelled about 1.000 miles. By the end of the trip, . (she/travel) more than 3.000 miles.
If you need to contact me, (I/stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday.
Were late. The film (already/start) by the time we get to the cinema.


· 2. Put the following sentences into Present Continuous:
Right now I am attending class. Yesterday at this time, I was attending class. Tomorrow at this time, I (attend) _________ class. Tomorrow at this time, I (attend) _______ class.
Tomorrow Im going to leave for home. When I (arrive)
______ at the airport, my whole family (wait) ___________ for me. 3. A.: How can I get in touch with you while youre out of town? B.: I (stay) ______ at the Pilgrim Hotel. Yo
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· 3. Ask questions to the following sentences beginning “How long ?”. Use the words in brackets in Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
Its our wedding anniversary today. (be married)
Did you know that Renata wore contacts lenses? (wear, them)
Where were you? Its ten past seven. (be, here)
Maxim and I are getting married next month. (know, him).
They live in London now. (live, there)
The job is very easy for me now. (work, here)
The children are in the garden. ( be outside)
The boys are playing football. (they, do)
Richard is on a business trip. (be, away)


· 4. Open the brackets, using will or be going to.
We have leaned this week that the local council has plans for
Westside Park in Brickfield. The council is going to (sell) the land to a builder, Forbes and Son. The plans are all ready. (1) (we/build) fifty houses, said Mr.Forbes. In two years time everything
(2) (be) finished. Im sure people (3) (like) the houses. Most of them (4) (be) for young families. And we intend to take care of the environment. (5) (we/not/cut) all the trees, only a few of them. But people living near the park are angry. This is a terrible idea. Were all against it.said Mrs. Mary Brent. „(6) (we/have) a protest march on Saturday. I expect everyone in Brickfield (7) (be) there. Weve reached our decision. (8) . (we/stop) this plan.

5. Choose the right variant:
Why are you going to buy / will you buy a new mountain bike?
Dont phone between 8.00 and 9.00. Ill study / Ill be
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· ll leave / Im leaving tomorrow?
If you arrive late at the sale, the best things will go / will have gone.
6. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
He (to be) abroad five years ago.
You (to be) in the Caucasus last
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·s happened to your hair? Your mother _____ .
didnt like d) would like
liked e) wont like
liked
5. Choose the right variant:
Who ___ for a walk tomorrow?
go d) doesnt go
will go e) went
didnt go
6. Choose the right variant:
They _____ their English exam at this time tomorrow.
will take d) is taking
will be talking e) take
would take
7. Choose the right variant:
My boss ____ some VIPs tomorrow.
will be received d) receive
is receiving e) has received
will have received

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·
ve been talking to Tom about your problem.
Jim has gone to Canada.
Dont forget to post that letter.
He has already started his work 14. It since early morning.
Raining d) Has been raining
Rained e) Have been raining
Had rained
15. You are a
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·hall be travelling
Will have been traveling
By two oclock the students will the test translation for two hours.
Be d) Has been
Be doing e) Do
Have been doing
The war broke out in 1914. The European ruling classes for it for twenty years.
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·АCылшын тілінде к‹п Kолданылатын модальды етістіктер: can = be able to, had better, may, must = have to, ought to, should, will, would, need. Олар істіS істелуіндегі мUмкіндікті, істей алушылыKты, ыKтималдыKты ж‰не Kажеттілікті к‹рсетеді.


·МодальдыS етістіктердіS ерекшеліктері:
“s жалCауын жалCамайды.
She must study. (Right sentence: She musts study).


CAN (COULD)

Jолданылуы
Мысалдар

1. Jабілет
I can play the piano. He can finish his work next week

2. Љтініш ж‰не рWKсат сWрау
Could you help me with my English home work please?
Could I borrow your calculator?
Can I use your pen?

3. МUмкінділік ыKтималдылыK
You could win a million pounds!

4. КUм‰н, сенімсіздік
They can’t be strangers.
Can it be 10 o’clock already? – It can’t be 10 o’clock.

5. Кін‰ таCу
He could have invited us. You could be more polite.

„Could етістігі етістіктіS негізгі формасымен (Infinitive) байланысып, істіS ‹ткен шаKта істелу мUмкіндігін к‹рсетеді. АCылшын тілінде „сould деген етістік с‹йлемде ‹ткен шаKты к‹рсетеді ж‰не істей алды, білді деп аударылады.
He could ski very well when he was very young


MAY (MIGHT)

Jолданылуы
Мысалдар

1.МUмкінділік ыKтималдылыK
One day all your dreams may come true.
It may rain later.
The lights are still on. Aigul may have forgotten to turn them off.

2. Љтініш ж‰не рWKсат сWрау
May I see the letter? – Yes, you may. May I take your photo? – No, you may not.

3. Болжам
It may be true, but we are not sure. They may have done the work.

4. КеSес (might модальді етістігімен Kолдынылады).
You might wait for me! There is a lot of time.
He might have warned us about it. Now its too late.

MUST

Jолданылуы
Мысалдар

1. Міндеттілік Kажетілік
Car drivers must drive slowly in towns. I must find a hotel to stay at tonight.

2. Тыйым салу
You must not tell anyone what I said. You mustn’t park here.
You mustn’t play on the railway track.

3. МUмкіндік
He must know his address. Where is he? – He must be walking in the garden.


HAVE TO модальді етістігі

Jолданылуы
Мысалдар

Істелінетін істіS Kажеттілігін міндеттілігін к‹рсету Uшін
In England you have to drive on the left.
I had to take the pills three times a day for two weeks.

Remember!
Have to модальді етістігі болымсыз ж‰не сWраулы с‹йлемдерде
Do/does, did, shall/will к‹мекші етістіктермен Kолдынылады Do you have to do shopping every weekend? – I don’t have to do shopping every weekend.
Did she have to walk to her school yesterday? – She didn’t have to walk to school.
Will they have to speak at the meeting? – They won’t have to speak at the meeting.


BE TO модальді етістігі

Jолданылуы
Мысалдар

1. Міндет (келісім, жоспар бойынша)
The director was to sign the contract. – Директор келісім шартKа Kол Kою керек
еді.

2. БWйрыK, тыйым салу
You are to report to the teacher.
You are not to come here! (Сіз бaл жерге келмеуіSіз керек).

3. ШарасыздыK
It was to happen




SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER модальді етістігі

should + infinitive (to демеулігінсіз)
ought to + infinitive

You should help him. He shouldnt be so shy.
You ought to do your best. She ought to help her parents.

Jолданылуы
Мысалдар

1. КеSес беру, ‹зіндік пікір айту,
(басKа адамдардыS алдындаCы борыш)
(бaл маCынада should модальді етістігі ought to етістігіне KараCанда к‹бірек Kолдынылады).
You should be friendly to people
You ought to / should revise for you test.

2. Кін‰ таCу, рWсKау беру
He ought to help his parents. They should consult a doctor.

Past form - ‹ткен шаKта
Should have + Past Participle
Im feeling seek. I shouldn’t have eaten so much chocolate. (= I ate too much chocolate)
Suggest, propose, recommend, insist, demand етістіктерінен кейін should модальді етістігі Kолданылады.
My parents insisted that we should have dinner with them.
I demanded that he should apologize.
What do you suggest I should do?
Had better
Белгілі бір ситуацияCа Kатысты Kолдынылады. Егер ережеге немесе KWралCа баCынбаса, н‰тижесі жаман болатындыCы к‹рінеді.
The neighbours are complaining. Wed better turn the music down.
The film starts at 8 oclock. Youd better go now or youll be late.


EXERCISES


· 1. Answer the following questions using maynt, mustnt, neednt.
1. Must I do the room? – No, you . It is clean. 2. Mother, may I play w
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2. Complete the sentences with the words in the brackets.
Dont phone Ann now. (she might / have / lunch) She might be having lunch.
I ate too much. Now I feel sick. (I shouldnt / eat / so much).

I wonder why Tom didnt phone me. (he must / forget) .

Why did you go home so early? (you neednt / go / home so early)
Youve signed the contract, (it / cant / change / now) .
“Whats Linda doing?” “Im not sure.” (she may / watch / television)
Ann was standing outside the cinema, (she must / wait / for somebody)
He was in prison at the time the crime was committed, so (he couldnt / do / it). .
Why werent you here earlier? (you ought / be / here earlier)
. .
Why didnt you ask me to help you? (I would / help / you)
.
Im surprised nobody told you that the road was very dangerous, (you should / warm) .
George was in a strange mood yesterday. (he might not / feel / very well)



· 3. Fill the following sentences with modal verbs: must, have to, need.
Oh, I remember to get some potatoes on the way home tonight.
Jason . see the headmaster during the next break. I wonder what its about?
We light lot of candles during the power cut two nights ago.
Ill . start doing my Christmas cards soon. Its nearly December.
Carl, you run into the street like that without looking first. its dangerous!
People with solar-powered cars . worry about the price of petrol.
I wouldnt like to get up five oclock every morning.
We do any washing-up after the picnic because wed used disposable plate and cutlery.
Do professional musicians practice every day?
I have bothered cooking all that food, theyd eaters before they arrived.


· 4. Choose the right variant.
Theres someone at the door. It can/must be the postman.
Dont worry, you don’t have / mustn’t pay now.
I think you had better / would better take a pullover with you.
Jones could / must be president if Smith has to resign.
Sorry. I cant stay any longer. I have to / might go.
It was 5 oclock an hour ago. Your watch can’t / mustn’t be right.
Its a school rule6 all the pupils have to / must wear a uniform.
I suppose that out team must / should win, but Im not sure.
Lets tell Diana. She could / might not know.
In my opinion, the government, might / should do something about this.


· 5. Insert appropriate modal verbs and give reasons for your choice:
1. You hardly find a grown-up person or a youngster who is not enthusiastic about sport. 2. She will hardly go there again.
3. Every school have good sports facilities. 4. I think it rain today. 5. How he say such things about me! 6. I come to see you next Saturday? 7. We have a five minutes interval now because I am tired. 8. Mother thinks he
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·Why didnt you help him? You ____ have done it.
must d) were to
can e) was able to
could
2. Choose the right variant:
But I ____ stay in England for six month, and not for a fortnight as I had planned.
had to d) shall have
can e) am able to
can
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·t d) can
couldnt e) mightnt
may
5. Choose the right variant:
People who knows a foreign language ____ learn a second one easily.
may d) must
had to e) am able to
have to
6. Choose the right variant:
_____ I have a word with you, please?
may d) must
had to e) am able to
have to



7. Choose the right variant:
At first I _____ skate well, I _____ .
couldnt / can d) may / can
mustnt / can e) should / shouldnt
must / neednt
8. Choose the right variant:
She said they ___ go to the cinema if they liked.
must d) had to
may e) could
can
9. Choose the right variant:
I didnt want to go there but I _____ .
must d) cant
might e) had to
shall
10. Choose the right variant:
1. You take care of your parents.
Will d) Are to
Shall e) May
Ought to
11. My sight is getting worse. Next year, Im afraid, I read without glasses.
Ought d) Wont be able to
Can not e) Mustnt
May not
12. Dont you see Im tired? You me, you know.
Might have helped d) Must

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· have
16. Choose the correct answer:
Since we have to be there before 9 oclock, we take a taxi.
Otherwise, well be late.
Must d) Are able to
May e) Had better
Can
17. Choose the right variant:
You take any book you like
May d) Should
Must e) Can
Have to
18. Choose the right variant:
Nobody is making you do this. You go to the party if you dont want to.
Is not able to d) Coudnt
Are not able to e) Neednt
Cant
19. Choose the correct answer:
you pass me the salt,
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·t d) Has to
Cant e) Ought
May


22. Choose the right answer:
Im afraid you will wait for a long time.
Ought d) Can
Must e) Have to
May
23. Complete the sentence:
Like any top sportsman she ______ to train very hard.
May d) Must
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·t e) wasnt able to
cannot
















UNIT IX
VOICE - ЕТІС
АCылшын тілінде екі етіс бар: ‹здік етіс (Active Voice) ж‰не ырыKсыз етіс (Passive Voice). Егер бастауыш іс-‰рекетте жасаушы Kызметін атKаратын болса, онда етістік ™здік етіс тUрінде Kолданылады.
Егер бастауыш басKа біреудіS немесе н‰рсеніS тарапынан іске асырылып жатса, етістік ырыKсыз етіс тUрінде Kолданылады.
Rolls Royce cars are made in England
ЫрыKсыз етіс біреудіS немесе заттыS басKа біреумен немесе заттыS тарапынан ‰сер етіліп жатKанын білдіру Uшін Kолданылады. Сонымен Kатар ырыKсыз етіс іс-‰рекеттіS ‹зі маSызды екенін к‹рсетеді.
С‹йлемді ырыKсыз етіске айналдыру Uшін с‹йлемде толыKтауыш болу керк.

Active:
Subject verb object
My grandfather built this house

Passive:
Subject verb object
This house was built by my grandmother

ЫрыKсыз етіс шаKтары ‹здік етіс шаKтарыныS ережелеріне с‰йкес ‹згертіледі.

Voice
Active
Passive

Present Simple
She writes the reports
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·een written.

Be going to
She is going to write the reports.
Is/are going to+be+ Past
Participle
The reports are going to be written.


Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, Future Perfect Continuous шаKтары ырыKсыз етісте (пассивте) Kолданылмайды.

Wrong sentence: The restaurant has been being built for 4 years.
Right sentence: The restaurant has been under construction for 4 years.

Active: A friend gave my sister this cookery book.
Passive: My sister was given this cookery book by a friend. This cookery book was given to my sister by a friend.

“Have something done” конструкциясы
“Have something done” конструкциясында іс-‰рекет айтушыCа Kатысты, біраK ол іс-‰рекетті ‹зі емес басKа адамныS тарапынан жасалCандыCы к‹рсетіледі.

Have + object + Past Participle

Aibek
has
the roof
repaired

We
are having
the house
painted

Where
did you have
your hair
cut?

Nurlan
has
his suits
cleaned?



· It + passive verb + clause
С‹йлеушініS кім екенін керек етпеген жаCдайда осы констуркцияны Kолданады.
Nurzhan works very hard.
It is said that he works 16 hours a day = He is said to work 16 hours a day.
The police are looking for a missing boy.
It is believed that the boy is wearing a black pullover and blue jeans.
The boy is believed to be wearing a black pullover and blue jeans.


· ЫрыKсыз етісте Kолданылмайтын етістіктер.
Кейбір етістіктер ырыKсыз етісте Kолдынылмайды. ОларCа: - die, arrive, fit, have, lack, suit, resemble, agree ж‰не басKалар жатады.
For example:
They have a nice house. (But not: A nice house is had them).
My shoes dont fit me. (But not: Im not fitted by my shoes.
Everybody agreed with me. (But not: I was agreed by everybody.)


EXERCISES


· 1. Practice in
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People dont use this road much. _______ .
How do people learn language? How _________ .
Somebody has cleaned the room. ___________ .
They have postponed the meeting. __________ . 8. I didnt realize that somebody was recording our conversation. I didnt realize that ______ .
When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game. We found that ____________ .
They are building a new ring road round the city. A new ring road ________ .


· 2. Practice in using the Passive Voice. Change t
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·tea.
I was offered a cup of tea.
A cup of tea was offered to me.
They gave me a form to fill in.
They granted me a visa. 3. Well offer him by all means.
4. He has just told us a very amusing story.




· 3. Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
1.They often invite me to their parties. 2. People speak English in different parts of the world. 3. One uses milk for making butter. 4.
We form the Passive Voice with the help
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4. Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
M o d e l: They laughed at him.
He was laughed at.
1. People speak much of him. 2. They will look after the children well. 3. People will laugh at you if say it. 4.They sent for t
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·ten to him. 11. Students often refer to these books. 12. Nobody has ever spoken to me in such a way. 13. If they send for you dont refuse to come. 14. They have not referred to that incident since then.


· 5. Put the given words in the Passive Voice, making necessary changes.
1. She took a long time to write the composition, but at last she wrote it. 2. Dont put the cup there: somebody will break it.
Why werent you at the birthday party? - They didnt invite me.
We met many difficulties, but all the same we finished the work in time.
We shall leave you behind if you are not quick.
I spent all my money on books last month.
I dont think we shall do all this work today: there is too much of it.
Its a very funny thing that when I start doing this, somebody always stops me. 9. Dont leave these sweets on the table: somebody will eat them.
The elephant broke the branch of the tree.
The bees attacked the bear when it tried to take their honey.
TEST YOURSELF

1. Choose the right variant of the main verb.
The Remembrance Day and the Veterans Day ____ on the 11th of November every year.
celebrated d) was celebrated
are celebrated e) is celebrated
will be celebrated
2. Choose the right variant of the main verb.
I hope that the trut
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·Choose the right variant of the main verb.
You cant use this textbook now. It _______ by your friend.
takes d) were taken
has been taken e) had taken
took
25. Choose the right variant of the main verb.
– Did the company test the equipment yesterday?
- Yes it _______ .
has tested e) tested
had been tested
had tested
was tested

UNIT X
DIRECT AND INDIRECT „REPORTED SPEECH
ТЉЛ СЉЗ БЕН ТЉЛЕУ СЉЗ

Т‹л с‹зді т‹леу с‹зге ‹згерткенде шаKтардыS Kиысу ережесін есте саKтау керек, яCни ‹ткен шаKтаCы тUрлері Cана болады.

Т‹л с‹зді т‹леу с‹зге айналдыру жолдары

Direct Speech
Indirect “Reported” Speech
Examples

Present Simple
Past Simple
“She works hard,” he said. He said (that) she worked.

Present Continuous
Past Continuous
“She
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· may work hard,” he said. He said (that) she might work hard.

Reported questions

СWраKтыS екі тUрлі тіке жолы бар:
Арнаулы сWраKтар (Wh – questions) - сWраKтар арнаулы с‹здерден немесе с‹з топтарынан басталады. Олар: what, who, which, whose, when, where, why, how many, how much, how long т.б.
Жалпы сWраKтар (Yes/No - questions): к‹мекші сWраKтардан немесе модальды етістіктерден басталады.
Арнаулы сWраKты т‹леу с‹зге айналдырCанда, сWраK белгісі тUсіп Kалады да, сWраулы с‹йлемніS реті хабарлы с‹йлемніS ретіне айналады.
She asked, “Where are you going?” She asked us where we were going.
“Where does she live?”
He asked me where she lived.
“Why did you apply for this job?” asked the sales manager. The sales manager asked me why I had applied for that job.
“When will I know the results of the examination?”
Asem asked the examiner when she would know the results of the examination.
“How does the photocopier work?”
I asked the salesman how the photocopier worked.
Жалпы сWраKты т‹леулі сWраKKа ауыстыру Uшін whether, if к‹мекшілері Kолданылады.
“Are you taking much money with you to France?”
My bank manager wanted to know if (whether) I was taking much money with me to France.
“Have you ever been to Japan, Paul?”
Tom asked Paul if (whether) he had ever been to Japan.
“Do you live in Astana?”
I asked my new friend if (whether) she lived in Astana.
Changing Imperative sentences and
Interrogative sentence from Direct into Indirect Speech БaйрыKты с‹йлем ж‰не сaраулы с‹йлемде т‹л с‹здіS т‹леу с‹зге ‹згеруі

Imperative sentence
Interrogative sentence


General questions
Special questions

She said to him,
“Come at five oclock”. She told
to him to come at five oclock.
I said to her, “Please, bring me a glass of
water”. I asked her
to bring me a glass of water.
He said to me, “Dont go there”. He told me not to go there.
“Do you want to see the new film”? Ainur asked.
Ainur asked if I wanted to see the new film.
He asked me, “Why have you come so late?
He asked me why I had come so late.



· Егер т‹л с‹з бWйрыKты білдіріп, to say етістігімен келсе, т‹леу с‹зде to tell, to order етістігіне ауысады. Егер т‹л с‹з ‹тінішті білдірсе, to say етістігі to ask етістігіне ‹згереді.


· ШаKпен Kиысу ережесі Kолданылмайтын жаCдай
Егер т‹леу с‹з с‹зде жалпы факт, болCан оKиCа туралы хабар айтылса:
The teacher told us (that) there are four seasons in a year.
He said London is the capital of the Great Britain.
“The sun sets in the west” the teacher said. – The teacher said
the sun sets in the west.


· Егер алCашKы етістік осы шаK немесе келер шаKта тWрса a) The singer says, “I enjoy cycling”. The singer says that she enjoys cycling.

Т‹л с‹здіS т‹леу с‹зге айналуында сілтеу есімдіктерініS шаCы мен орныныS ‹згеру ережесі.

Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Examples

yesterday
the day before, the previous day
He said, “I saw her yesterday”. He said he had seen her the day before.

today
that day, the same day
He said, “I am seeing her today”.
He said she was seeing her that day.

now, at the moment
then, at that moment
“Im shopping at the moment” said Asel.
Asel said she was shopping at that moment.

tomorrow
the next/following day
“I am going shopping tomorrow” said Asel.
Asel said she w
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·dresses

ago
before
He said, “I saw her two days ago”.
He said he had seen her two days before.

here
there
“I usually shop here” said Asel.
Asel said she usually shopped there.


EXERCISES


· 1. Put the words “say” or “tell” where necessary and fill the sentences.
Ann ______ goodbye to me and left.
_________ us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time? 3. Dont just stand there! __________ something!
I wonder where Sue is. She ______ he would be here at 8 oclock.
Jack _____ me that he was fed up with his job.
The doctor _______ that I should rest for at least a week.
Dont ______ anybody what I ________ . Its a secret just between us.
“Did she ____ you what happened? “No, she didnt
_________ anything to me.”
George couldnt help me. He ______ me to ask Kate. 10. George couldnt help me. He ______ to ask Kate.


· 2. Translate the following sentences into indirect speech
“You cant park here.” The police officer told Jack ________ .
“Ill see you in the morning, Helen” Peter told Helen _________ . 3. “Im taking the 5.30 train tomorrow evening.” Janet said _______ . 4. “I left my umbrella here two days ago.” Susan said that ________
“I liked this hotel very much.” Diana told me _______ .
“I think its going
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·m really tired.” _______ Polly said that ____________ .
“Ive been swimming.” Michelle said ______ . 15. “I wont be at the next meeting.” Robert ____________ .


· 3. Translate the following sentences into indirect speech What time does the text bo
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·ite down her address
he had written her address
she writes down her address
e) she wrote down his address

6. Choose the right variant.
He said, “Im very busy today”.
He said _______ .


he had been very busy that day
he is very busy today
he was very busy that day
7. Choose the right variant.
Im very busy today
I had been very busy that day

Lena said, “Where have you been yesterday?” Lena asked ___________ .
where she had been the day before.
where she had been yesterday
where she was the day before
8. Choose the right variant.
He thought: “What am I going to do?” He thought _________ .
where she could be the day before
where she hasnt been before

what was he going to do
what he was going to do
what he is going to do
9. Choose the right variant.
Mother asked me __________ .
it he was going to do
what is he going to do

why I have spent all the money
that I had spent all the
money
if I had spent all the money
10. Choose the right variant.
“Dont play in the street?”
when I spend all the money
if I will spend all the
money

My mother told me dont play in the street
My mother said to play in the street
She asked me to play in the street
My mother told me not to play in the street
My mother said I should play in the
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t forget to bring my book, Ann”. Tom asked Ann: _________ .
that she didnt forget to bring his book
that she doesnt bring his book
not to forget to bring her book
if she didnt forget to bring the book

c) not to forget to bring his book

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they wont have supper
they havent had supper yet

he was at home
Jack said he was at home the day before.
he will be at home
15. Choose the right variant. “Do you go for sports?”, he asked.
He asked __________ .
he had been at home a week ago
he had been at home the day before.

he went in for sports
if I went in for sports
if Ill go in for sports
I should go in for sports
e) if I had gone in for sports



16. Choose the right variant.
“Will Tom help me?” she said. She asked __________
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·she wasnt busy
if she was busy then then
she would be busy e) if she is busy
18. Choose the right variant.
My sister said: “I hope we shall go on an excursion to the lake”. My sister said that ___________ on an excursion to the lake.
she hopes we will go d) she hoped we were
she didnt hope that we shall going
go e) she hoped we can go
she hoped they would go
19. Choose the right variant.
Teacher: “Tom, read the story, please. Teacher asked Tom _________ .
to read the story d) whether he
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·ЖаKсыз етістіктер
ЖаKсыз етістіктерге тWйыK етістік (Infinitive), есімше (Participle), герундий (Gerund) жатады. Олар жаKKа жіктелмейді, жекеше, к‹пше тUрге б‹лінбейді.


NON-FINITE FORMS



THE PARTICIPLE



THE INFINITIVE



THE GERUND



THE GERUND – ГЕРУНДИЙ

Герундий етістік пен зат есімніS ерекшеліктерін байланыстыратын етістіктіS жіктелмеген формасы. Герундий кез-келген аCылшын етістігініS инфинитив формасына -ing жалCауы жалCау арKылы жасалады. Герундийде етістік пен зат есімніS белгілері болдаы. ОныS етістік сияKты шаCы, етіс категориялары бар.

ГерундийдіS с‹йлемдегі Kызметі мен Kолданылуы

· Subject - Бастауыш Playing tennis is fun.
Smoking is bad for you.

· Part of a compound nominal predicate Етіс болатын баяндауыш
Her greatest pleasure is travelling. Me favorite activity is swimming.

· Object – ТолыKтауыш We enjoy playing tennis. I hate smoking.

· Attribute – АныKтауыш
I had the pleasure of reading in the newspaper of your success. There are different ways of obtaining this substance.

· Adverbial modifier - ПысыKтауыш She walked out of the room smoking.
In writing the test the student made some mistakes.


· Етістік -ing формасында герундий (gerund) де, есімше
(participle I) де бола алады, біраK олардыS маCыналары ‰ртUрлі.
A waiting room ( a room for waiting) – бастауыш
A waiting train (a train that is waiting) - есімше
A sleeping pill – герундий
A sleeping child - есімше

Герундий Indefinite, Perfect шаKтарында ж‰не Active, Passive етіс формаларында келеді.

Form Indefinite
Active cleaning
Passive being cleaning

Perfect
having cleaned
having been cleaned



·Егер герундий іс-‰рекетті жасаушы Kызметін атKаратын болса, онда герундий Active формасында Kолданылады.
Ruslan likes washing his cat.
I remember having told the news.
Not knowing what to do, I went home.


·Егер герундий басKа біреудіS немесе н‰рсеніS тарапынан іске асырылып жатса, онда герундий Passive формасында Kолданылады.
The cat likes being washed by Ruslan.
I remember having been told the news.
She loves being looked at.
She is not having been invited.

Мына етістіктер, есімдіктер, сын есімдерден кейін герундий жиі толыKтауыш ретінде Kолданылады:

to accuse of
to approve (disapprove) of to hear of the think of to
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·Зат есімдер керек ететін демеуліктерден кейін герундий аныKтауыш функциясында Kолданылады. ОларCа мыналар жатады:

apology (for) art of pleasure of importance o f plan (for)
chance, opportunity of
possibility of habit of preparation (for) hope of aston
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·tting here.


· АныKтауыш функциясында герундийдіS Kолданылуы: 1. On (upon), after, before, in уаKытты білдіру Uшін Before doing the exercise, read the instructions.
After reading the story he answered the questions.
For причина
Excuse me for shouting at you.
For маKсатты білдіру Uшін
I need something for killing flies.
A lawn-mower is a machine for cutting grass and weeds.


·Герундиймен Kолданылатын етістіктер тізбегі
I enjoy playing tennis.
I remember locking the door.
He admitted breaking
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·me.
The discussed opening the business.
I dislike driving long distances.
We enjoyed visiting them.
She finished studying about ten.
Ill never forget visiting Napoleons tomb.
I hate making silly mistakes.
I can’t help worrying about it.
I keep hoping he will come.
I like going to movies.
I love going to operas.
She mentioned going to a movie.
Would you mind helping me with this?
I miss being with my family.
Lets postpone leaving until tomorrow.
The athlete practiced throwing t
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·I couldnt resist eating the dessert.
She risks losing all of her money.
I can’t stand waiting in long lines.
It started raining.
She stopped going to classes when she got sick.
She suggested going to a movie.
She wont tolerate cheating during an examination.
I tried changing the light bulb, but the lamp still didnt work.
I dont understand his leaving school.


·Герундий ж‰не Инфинитивпен келетін етістіктер:

Forget / remember
I remembered seeing the Alps for the first time. (‹ткен шаKта)
Asel always remembers to lock the door. (€сел есікті жабуды aмытпайды)
Ill never forget flying over the Pacific Ocean. It was wonderful.
(... ешKашан aмытпаймын)
I forgot to switch on the machine. (Kосуды aмытып кетіппін) Mean
I think Bolat meant to break the glass. I didnt look an accident.
(шыны ыдысты сындыруCа тырысты)
Im applying for a visa. It means filing in this form.
Regret
Azar regretted not buying the house. (Ажар _йді сатып алмаCанына ‹кінді)
I regret to tell you that you have failed. (айтуCа ‹кінішті)
Stop
He stopped eating junk food because it is unhealthy.
I stopped to buy some coffee. (сатып алу _шін тоKтады) Try
Why dont you try getting up early?(тырысу)
I tried to get up early, but I couldnt. (‰рекет жасады)
Go on
The teacher introduced herself and went on to explain about the course. (Т_сіндіруге к‹шті)
The teacher told everyone to be quite, but they just went on talking. (С‹йлесуді жалCастырды)


EXERCISES


· Put the verbs in the following sentences:
Try, steal, meet, look, write, make, be run, wash, play, eat, splash, go, drive, take.
For example: Do you miss playing tennis every afternoon? 1. Could you please stop so much noise?
I dont enjoy . letters.
Does your job involve a lot of pe
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·e Ann was having dinner. She didnt answer it; she just went on . 9. She admitted the car but denied it dangerously.
Why do you keep on at me like that?
They had to postpone away because their son was sick.
If you cross the street without looking, you risk over by a car.


· 2. Open the brackets. 1. Please remember to close the door when you go out.
(close) I remember the door, but Im not sure that I locked it.
2. I paid the electricity bill, but I dont remember the rent, (pay) Oh dear! I think I forgot the rent this month. 3. I tried in a department store, but it wasnt a very good job. (work) You really must try harder.
4. She just went on about everything, (complain). She complained about everything else, and then she went on about the price. 5. I remember the money in the drawer, but its not there now. (leave) I must remember some money to pay for the repairs.
I really regret everyone what happened. I should have kept it a secret, (tell) I regret you that there has been a serious accident.
I remember to the dentist as a child, (go) I must remember to the dentist on Wednesday.
Ill never forget Paris for the first time, (visit). We mustnt forget Monique when were in Paris.

· 3 Open the brackets using the suitable form of the Gerund.
Excuse me for (to break) your beautiful vase.
You never mentioned (to be) to Greece.
She was proud of (to award) the cup of a champion.
I dont remember ever (to meet) your sister. 5. I dont remember (to ask) this question by anybody.
The cat was punished for (to break) the cup.
The cat was afraid of (to punish) and hid itself under the sofa.
The machine needs (to clean). 9. I am quite serious in (to say) that I dont want to go abroad.
He seem
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·ed me for (not to write) to her.
This job is not worth (to take).
After (to look) through and (to mark) the students papers, the teacher handed them back.
After (to look) through and (to mark), the papers were handed back to the students.
These clothes want (to wash).
David was very glad of (to find) his aunt.


· 4. Translate into Kazakh paying attention to the different forms of Gerund:
1.Watching football matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting enough, but of corse
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6.After being corrected by the teacher, the students papers were returned to them. 7.I wondered at my mothers having allowed the journey.
8.I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once.
9.Everybody will discuss the event, there is no preventing it.
10.At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining-room.
11.On being told the news she turned pale.
12.The place is worth visiting.
TEST YOURSELF

1. БWл с‹йлемде герундий неніS Kызметін атKарып тWр? Her greatest pleasure was swimming.
пысыKтауыш d) толыKтауыш
баяндауыш e) бастауыш
аныKтауыш 2. МысалCа Kарап Kай формаCа жататынын аныKтаSыз:
Watching
Indefinite Infinitive Active d) Participle 2
Gerund e) Progressive Infinitive
Infinitive Passive 3. Герундий с‹йлемді табыSыз:
He admitted stealing.
She was stealing the money from fathers pocket.
I saw her stealing the money.
She has been stealing my thoughts.
He is going to steal her this evening.
4. МысалCа Kарап Kай формаCа жататынын аныKтаSыз:
Giving
Indefinite Infinitive Active d) Participle 2
Gerund e) Progressive Infinitive
Infinitive Passive
5. БWл с‹йлемде герундий неніS Kызметін атKарып тWр? She was fond of drawing when she was a child.
пысыKтауыш d) толыKтауыш
баяндауыш e) бастауыш
аныKтауыш 6. Герундий с‹йлемді табыSыз:
She has told me the lie. d) I heard them telling
I regret telling him my funny stories.
secret. e) There is a new
She is telling me everything. building near our house.
7. БWл с‹йлемде герундий неніS Kызметін атKарып тWр? Reading is her hobby.
пысыKтауыш d) толыKтауыш
баяндауыш e) бастауыш
аныKтауыш

8. МысалCа Kарап Kай формаCа жататынын аныKтаSыз: I was accused of stealing money from my teacher.
Adjective d) Participle 2
Gerund e) Progressive Infinitive c) Infinitive
9. МысалCа Kарап Kай формаCа жататынын аныKтаSыз:
Cleaning
Infinitive Perfect d) Participle 2
Gerund e) Infinitive Passive
Infinitive Simple
10. БWл с‹йлемде герундий неніS Kызметін атKарып тWр? Driving is pleasant.
пысыKтауыш d) толыKтауыш
баяндауыш e) бастауыш
аныKтауыш
11. МысалCа Kарап Kай формаCа жататынын аныKтаSыз: Im afraid of being alone.
Verb d) Participle 2
Gerund e) Infinitive
Adjective 12. С‹йлемдегі етістікті тиісті формаCа KойыSыз:
This book is worth (read)
to read d) read
reading e) to have read
to reading
13. С‹йлемдегі етістікті тиісті формаCа KойыSыз: One of the boys admitted (break) the window.
to break d) broke
breaking e) to have broken
to breaking
14. С‹йлемдегі етістікті тиісті формаCа KойыSыз:
My brother has given up (smoke) He thinks its a waste of money.
to smoking d) smoke
to have smoked e) to smoke
smoking




15. С‹йлемдегі етістікті тиісті формаCа KойыSыз: I dont fancy (go out) this evening.
to have gone out d) to going out
to go out e) going out
go out
16. С‹йлемдегі етістікті тиісті формаCа KойыSыз:
Sam denied (cheat.)
to cheat d) cheat
to cheating e) to have cheated
cheating
17. С‹йлемде герундий толыKтауыш:
Before sleeping I called my brother.
Sleeping is my best friend.
Im used to sleeping with the open window.
Sleeping Beauty.
The baby is sleeping.
18. Choose the right variant Gerund or Participle? We were tired of walking in the town.
Gerund d) Adjective
Ad
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·nd d) Noun
Prticiple e) Adverb
Verb

PARTICIPLE - ЕСІМШЕ (-ING AND –ED FORMS)

АCылшын тілінде есімше етістіктіS жіктелмеген формасы. АCылшын есімшесі с‹йлемде аныKтауыштыS немесе толыKтауыштыS Kызметін атKарады.

Есімше формалары
Љзінен кейін тура толыKтауышты Kабылдайтын етістіктердіS негізгі етісте екі есімше формасы ж‰не ырыKсыз етісте Uш есімше формасы бар.

TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE

Present
Writing
Being written

Past
-
Written

Perfect
Having written
Having been written


ЕсімшеніS Kолданылуы

·Present Participle Active (Participle I)
Present Participle Active (Participle I) етістіктіS инфинитив формасына (to б‹лшегінсіз) -ing жалCауын жалCау арKылы жасалады.
to cry – crying, to fall – falling, to make – making

1. Present Participle Active – баяндауыш етістікпен Kатар ж_рген істі білдіреді.
Who is the fat man sitting in the corner?
You cannot sit watching television all day.
He is lying in bed reading a novel.
2. Present Participle зат есімнен кейін аныKтауыш функциясын атKарады:
I love to look at falling leaves
The screaming children were playing in the kindergarten.


· Present Participle пысыKтауыш функциясын атKарады:
a) мезгіл пысыKтауыштыS алдында ‰детте while немесе
when келеді:
While doing gymnastics I injured my knee. (=While I was doing.)
Opening the bottle, Mike poured the drinks. (=When Mike opened the bottle, he poured.)
‰) себеп-салдар пысыKтауыш:
Knowing her pretty well, I realized something was wrong. (= As I knew her pretty well.)
Not wishing to continue her studies, she decided to become a hairdresser.
б) Kимыл-сын пысыKтауыш:
He walked down the road limping.


· Perfect Participle Active
Perfect Participle Active Present Participle формасындаCы к‹мекші етістік to have ж‰не Present Participle формасындаCы негізгі етістік арKылы жасалады (having asked).
Perfect Participle Active баяндауыш-етістік к‹рсететін іске дейін аяKталCан істі к‹рсетеді ж‰не себеп-салдар ж‰не мезгіл пысыKтауыш функциясын атKарады.
Having failed my medical exams I took up desingning. (=As I had failed).
Having spent all his money. Peter couldnt afford a new jacket. (= As he had spent).
Having repaired the car. Tom took it out for a road test. (=After he had repaired the car).
Having photocopied all the papers. Sarah put them back in the file. (=After she had photocopied).


· Present Participle Passive
Present Participle Passive с‹йлеу кезінде басKа біреудіS тарапынан атKарылCан іс-‰рекетті білдіреді.
Present Participle Passive being + Past Participle арKылы жасалады: being written, being asked being invited.




· Present Participle Passive Kолданылуы: а) аныKтауыш функциясында:
The building being painted is a new school. (=Which is being painted).
Yesterday teacher told us about the buildings now being built in Astana. (=The buildings which are now being built).
‰) себеп-салдар ж‰не мезгіл пысыKтауыш функциясында:
Being packed in wooden boxes, the goods arrived in good condition. (=As the goods were packed in wood boxes.)
Being invited to the party, he answered that he would be away for two weeks. (=When he was invited).
АныKтауыш функциясын атKарып тWрCан Passive Particple Passive орнына Past Participle немесе Present Participle Passive жиі Kолданылады.
Being packed in wooed boxes. (=Packed / having been packed.) Being invited to the party. (=Invited to the party).


· Past Participle Passive (Participle II)
Past Participle Passive етістіктіS 3 формасы. (Participle II = V3)
to ask - asked
to give - given
to break - broken
to clean – cleaned
to know - known
to watch –watched
to do – done
Not болымсыз б‹лшегі есімшеніS алдында Kойылады:
not asking - сaрамай, not sold – сатылмаCан


· Past Participle зат есімніS функциясын аныKтау _шін Kолданылады:
The torn letter was lying o
·n the floor.
She has got a broken heart.
Past Participle баяндауштыS функциясында:
The window is broken.
You are fired.


Past Participle себеп-салдар ж‰не мезгіл пысыKтауыш функциясында:
Rejected by all his friends, he decided to become a monk.
Talked to you I felt better.


· Perfect Participle Passive
Perfect Participle Passive having been + Past Participle арKылы жаслады: having invited, having been bought.
Having been done wrong the homework wasnt accepted. (=As the homework had been done wrong.)
Having been introduced we shook our hands. (=After we had been introduced).

Object + Participle (clause)
Сезім мUшелері арKылы Kабылдауды білдіретін етістіктерден кейін (to see – к‹ру, to hear - есту, to feel - сезу, to watch - Kарау, to notice - байKау, to smell – иіс шыCару) объекті септік осы шаKтыS есімшесімен Kолдынылады. Ол объектік септігі есімдік немесе жалпы септіктегі зат есім мен осы шаKтыS есімшесі (Present Participle) байланысын к‹рсетеді.
I saw him crossing the road.
I saw him cross the road.
Дегенмен екеуініS арасында айырмашылыK бар. Объектік есімше KWрылымы істеліп жатырCан істі к‹рсетсе (I saw him crossing the road) , объектік инфинитив KWрылымы аяKталCан істі к‹рсетеді (I saw him cross the road.)
I heard him sing the song. (I heard the song from the beginning to the end)
I heard him singing the sing. (He was singing, I heard only part of the song).
I found her eating my cake.
He watched the tree being cut down.


· Participle Adjectives
Participle Adjectives іnteresting – interested сын есімдерінен жасалCан есімше:
1. Past Participle interested, bored, excited and confused т.б.
с‹йлеушініS жай-кUйін білдіреді.
I was very interested in the lesson.
I did not enjoy the party because I was bored.
His explanation made me very confused.
2. Present Participle interesting, boring, exciting, confusing
She is an interesting teacher, and Im interested in her lesson.
Tom told us an amusing story. We were amused at Toms story.
I did not enjoy the party. It was boring.








EXERCISES


· 1. Use the right participle:
Joe was playing football. He hurt his knee. Joe hurt his knee playing football.
She finished her work. Then she went home. Having finished her work, she went home.
I was watching television. I fell asleep.
A friend of mine slipped and fell. He was getting off a bus. A friend of mine
We bought our tickets. Then we went into the theatre.
Laura was driving to work yesterday. She had an accident.
After I had done the shopping, I went for a cup of coffee.
They had dinner and then they continued their journey.
I was walking home in the rain. I got very wet.
I felt tired. So I went to bed early.
I didnt know his phone number. So I wasnt able to contact him.
We had spent nearly all our money. So we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.
A boy was injured in the accident. He was taken to hospital. The boy . was taken to . hospital .
A house was damaged in the storm. It has now been repaired. The house .havent been found yet.
Some painting were stolen from the museum. They havent been found yet. The havent been found yet.


· 2. Use the right participle, - ing, or – ed.
I was surprise __________ to see my boss there.
It was surprise _________ to see him.
I find this work very tir _____________ .
It makes me tir_______ .
Her exam results were disappoint _________ .
She was pretty disappoint _________ .
I was interest __________ in the lessons.
Her lessons are always interest _________ .
Do you ever get bor_________ at work. 10. My jobs pretty bor__________ .

TESTYOURSELF

1. Choose the right participle: A vase
to breaking d) to break
breaking e) to broken
broken
2. Choose the right verb:
I went to see how she was and found her . .
laughed d) were laughing
laughing e) laughs
has been laughing 3. Choose the right participle: The . day
followed d) followed
follow e) following
following
4. Choose the right participle: A guest
to come d) has coming
come e) came
coming
5. Choose the right participle:
people
Being shouting d) Has Shouted
Shouting e) Shout
Shouted
6. Choose the right participle: She says shes got a heart.
breaking d) broken
break e) breaks
having break
7. Choose the right participle: A meat . animal
had eaten d) eating
eat e) to eat
is eaten


8. Choose the right participle:
“The Beauty”
Sleeped d) Having Slept
Slepted e) Slpet
Sleeping
9. Choose the right participle: A dog.
losing d) losed
lost e) losting
lose
10. Choose the right participle: He is well . in the art world.
have known d) knowing
knew e) known
know
11. Choose the right participle:
cake
homing – made d) home-makes
home-made e) homing-making
home-making
12. etiquette
Speaking d) Spoken
Spokening e) Spoking
Speaked
13. Choose the right participle: A very child.
frighting d) frighten
frightening e) frightending
frightened
14. Choose the right participle:
a cup
washed d) washes
washd e) wash
washing
15. Choose the right variant Gerund or Participle?
Your dress wants cleaning
Gerund d) Noun
Participle e) Adverb
Verb
Choose the right variant Gerund or Participle? I have finished writing the dictation.
Adjective d) Verb
Gerund e) Noun
Participle
Choose the right variant Gerund or Participle?
Watching the animals in the Zoo was great fun for my sister.
Gerund d) Adjective
Verb e) Noun
Adverb
Choose the right variant Gerund or Participle? This is a picture painted by Joseph Turner.
Participle d) Present Simple
Verb e) Participle II
Pronoun
Choose the right variant Gerund or Participle?
Arriving at the station I decided to buy a ticket and wait for the train.
Past Continuous d) Participle II
Participle e) Present Simple
Pronoun
Choose the right variant Gerund or Participle? Having completed our work we went shopping.
Participle II d) Past Continuous
Present Simple e) Participle
Gerund

INFINITIVE – ИНФИНИТИВ

АCылшын тілінде инфинитив жаKты, шаKты, райды к‹рсетпей, іс-‰рекеттіS іске асуын тек Kана айтатын етістіктіS жіктелмеген формасы. Инфинитив не істеу? не жасау? деген сWраKтарCа жауап береді. €детте инфинитив “to демеулігімен Kолданылады.


· ИнфинитивтіS с‹йлемдегі Kызметі мен Kолданылуы Subject – баяндауыш функциясын атKарады
To make mistakes is easy. (Old English)
Its easy to make mistakes. (Modern English)
To wait for people who are always late makes me angry.
It makes me angry to wait for people who are always late.
It was difficult to confess that I had stolen her money.


· Object – тура толыKтауыш функциясын атKарады
Police warned us not to go there.
She asked me to wait a little.
She wants to dance.
She wants him to help her.


· Attribute – аныKтауыш функциясында: зат есімнен кейін келеді немесе wish, desire, decide, need етістіктерінен жасалCан зат есімнен кейін
I have to wish to change. (=I dont wish to change)
I told her about my decision to leave. I told her that I had made decision to leave.
Is there any need to ask Kamila? Do we need to ask Kamila?


· Инфинитив аныKтауыш функциясын атKарCанда the first, the second, the third, the last, only с‹здерінен кейін жиі кездеседі.
Who was the first person to climb Everest without oxygen? Shes the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes.


· Adverbial modifiers of purpose – пысыKтауыш функциясында
1) маKсат пысыKтауыш
I sat down to rest.
I am going to Australia to learn German.
To switch on, press the red button.
С‹йлемде инфинитив алдында so as to немесе in order to деген жалCаулыKтар тWруы мUмкін.
He got up early in order to have time to pack.
I moved to a new flat so as to be near my work. So as ж‰не in order к‹біне болымсыз с‹йлемдерде кездеседі.
Im going to leave now, so as not to be late.
2) мекен пысыKтауыш to, enough с‹здерімен
I dont know him well enough to ask him for help.
I was too young to understand what was happening.


· Part of a compound nominal predicate – есім с‹зді к_рделі баяндауыш
Her dream was to become an actress.
To travel means to enlarge your horizons.

Part of a compound verbal predicate – етістікті к_рделі баяндауыш (begin, start, continue, cease, used to, would)
He began to speak about his plans.
She started to make tea sandwiches.

Инфинитив формасы
Љзінен кейін тура толыKтауыш Kабылдайтын инфинитивтіS негізгі етісте т‹рт формасы, ырыKсыз етісте екі формасы бар. Љзінен кейін тура толыKтауыш Kабылдайтын инфинитивтіS негізгі етісте екі формасы бар.

Етіс шаK
Active
Passive

Indefinite (Simple)
to give
to be asked

Continuous
to be giving


Perfect / (past)
to have given
to have been asked

Perfect continuous
to have been giving



АCылшын тілінде еS к‹п Kолданылатын формалары - Indefinite Infinitive Active ж‰не Passive. JалCан инфинитив формалары ‹те сирек Kолданылады. ОлардыS ішінде басKаларына KараCанда жиірек Kолданылатыны Perfect Infinitive.
1. Indefinite Infinitive Active (Simple Infinitive) – to tell, to see.
I want to see the manager.
2. Continuous Infinitive Active (Progressive) – to be + Ving – to be telling, to be sitting, to be smoking.
Its nice to be sitting here.
I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot.
He is said to be living here. (They say that he is living here) 3. Perfect Infinitive Active – to have + past participle (participle II) – to have told, to have finished.
Its nice to have read the book. = Its nice that I have read the book.
Im glad to have seen her. = Im glad that I have seen her.
I was sorry to have disturbed him. = I was sorry that I has disturbed him.
We hope to have finished the job soon = that we will have finished .
He is said to have lived in Almaty. = that he has lived

Perfect Infinitive сонымен Kатар бір себептермен орындалмай KалCан іс-Kимылды (“unreal” past) к‹рсетеді:
I meant to have phoned, but I forgot.
He was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill.

Perfect Infinitive could, might, ought, should, would, need not модальды етістіктерінен кейін орындалуы тиіс іс-KимылдыS (unreal situations) орындалмай KалCанын білдіреді.
You should have written the composition. (The person didnt write).
I would have gone to university if my parents had had more money. (The speaker did not go to university).
You could have helped him. (The person did not help).

4. Perfect Continuous Infinitive Active – to have been + Ving – to have been doing, to have been watching.
I would like to have been sitting there when she walked in.
He is said to have been living in Astana. (They say that he has been / was living in Astana.)
The ship is thought to have returned to India.


5. Indefinite Infinitive Passive – to be + Past Participle – to be done, to be told.
There is a lot of work to be done.
She hopes to be chosen for the national team.
She loves to be loved.

6. Perfect Infinitive Passive – to have been Past Participle – to have been done.
You could have been killed.
Gauhar is fortunate to have been given a scholarship.


· Infinitive to демеулігімен
Infinitive ‰детте to демеулігімен Kолданылады: to buy, to write, to run etc. Infinitive to демеулігімен келесі етістіктерден кейін Kолданылады:
afford: I cant afford to buy it.
agree: They agreed to help us.
appear: She appears to be tired.
arrange: I will arrange to meet you at the airport.
ask: He asked to come with us.
can’t bear: I cant bear to wait in long lines.
beg: He begged to come with us.
begin: It began to rain.
care: I dont care to see that show.
claim: She claims to know a famous movie star.
consent: She finally consented to marry him.
continue: He continued to speak.
decide: I have decided to leave on Monday.
demand: I demand to know who is responsible.
expect: I except to enter graduate school in the fall.
fail: She failed to return the book to the library on time.
forget: I forget to write the letter.
hate: I hate to make silly mistakes.
hesitate: Dont hesitate to ask for my help.
hope: Jack hopes to arrive next week.
learn: He learned to play the piano.
like: I like to do gymnastics.
love: I love to go to operas.
manage: She managed to finish her work early.
mean: I did not mean to hurt your feelings.
need: I need to have your opinion.
offer: The offered to help us.
plan: I am planning to have a party.
prefer: Ann prefers to walk to work.
prepare: We prepared to welcome them.
pretend: He pretends not to understand.
promise: I promise not to be late.
refuse: I refuse to believe his story.
remember: I regret to tell you that you failed.
seem: I remembered to lock the door.
cannot stand: I cannot stand to wait in long lines.
start: It started to rain.
struggle: I struggled to stay awake.
swear: She swore to tell the truth.
threaten: She threatened to tell my parents.
try: Im trying to learn English.
volunteer: He volunteered to help us.
want: I want to tell you something.
wish: She wishes to come with us.

To демеулігінсіз Kолданылатын етістіктер:
1. can (could), may (might), should, must, will, shall, would модалді етістіктерінен кейін
You must do it at once.
She can speak English You should try to do your best.
You had better go home now.
You needn’t worry.

2. let, make, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, help етістіктерінен кейін (American English)
My father lets me drive his car.
Let’s go to the cinema
Could you help me lay the table?
Sad movies make me cry.
Did you feel the earth move?
I heard him sing “Figaro”.
I saw him cut the carpet.

Есте саKтаSыз!
ЫрыKсыз етісте hear, make, see етістіктері to демеулігімен Kолданылады:
Active (Љзгелік етіс)
The teacher made me stand in the corner.
Passive (ЫрыKсыз етіс)
I was made to stand in the corner.


The Objective Infinitive construction Complex object

«Объективтік септік инфинитивпен» немесе «кUрделі толыKтауыш» KWрылымы аCылшын тілінде кейбір етістіктерден кейін баCыныSKылы с‹йлемдердіS орнына Kолданылады. Ол объектік септіктегі есімдіктіS немесе жалпы септіктергі зат есіммен инфинитивтіS байланысы арKылы беріледі.

Мына етістіктерден кейін object + infinitive Kолданылады:
advise: She advised me to wait until tomorrow.
allow: She allowed me to use her car.
ask: I asked John to help us.
beg They begged us to come.
cause: Her laziness caused her to fail.
challenge: She challenged me to race her to the corner.
convince: I couldnt convince him to accept our help.
dare: He dared me to do better than he had done.
encourage: He encouraged me to try again.
expect: I expect you to be on time.
forbid: I forbid you to tell him.
force: The forced him to tell the truth.
hire: She hired a boy to mow lawn.
instruct: He instructed them to be careful.
invite: Harry invited the John sons to come to his party.
need: We needed Chris to help us figure out the solution.
order: The judge ordered me to pay a fine.
permit: He permitted the children to stay up late.
persuade: I persuaded him to come for a visit.
remind: She reminded me to lock the door.
require: Our teacher requires us to be on time.
teach: My brother taught me to swim.
tell: The doctor told me to take these pills.
urge: I urged her to apply for the job.
want: I want you to be happy.
warn: I warned you not to drive too fast.

Prefer, would rather, had better

prefer + noun / - ing+ to + noun / - ing
Жалпы Kалауды білдіреді
I prefer biology to history.
I prefer reading English texts to speaking in English.

would prefer + full infinitive + rather
than (+bare/full infinitive)
Jалауды білдіреді
a) I’d rather to have the lessons on Wednesday
rather than (to) have it on
Tuesday, if thats possible.

would rather + bare infinitive + than
(+bare infinitive)
Жалпы Kалауды білдіреді
a) Id rather have the
lessons on Wednesday than
(have it) on Tuesday, if possible.

Would rather + sb + past simple / past continuous
Jалауды білдіру (біреуге Kатысты)
a) Id rather you didnt sit next to me.

had better + bare infinitive
КеSес беру
a) You’d better ask your
parents if you can come on the school trip.



EXERCISES


· Put the verbs to the right form: 1. Dont forget _______ the letter I gave you.
Jill has decided not __________ a car.
There was a lot of traffic but we managed _____________ to the airport in time.
We were all afraid to speak. Nobody dared ________ anything.
It was a nice weather, so we decided __________ for a walk. 6. Hes learning __________ (cook) Chinese food.
7. Do not forget _______ (let) the cat out tonight. 8. Id love ________ (travel) around the world.
We stopped _________ (rest) because we were tired.
Max hopes ________ (go) to Bolivia next summer


· 2. Put the verbs to the right form:
Ive never been to Australia, but Id like _______ go there.
They dont allow people __________ (park) in front of the building.
The film was very sad. It made me _______ (cry).
I dont recommend _________ in that restaurant. The food its terrible. (eat).
She said the letter was personal and wouldnt let me ______
(read) it.
Let me ________ (carry) your bag for you.
Pauline couldnt manage ________ (eat) all the ice cream.
She wishes ________ (come) with us.
She threatened ___________ (tell) my parents.
I hate ___________ (make) silly mistakes.



· 3. Put the verbs to the right form: - ing, infinitive.
Sometimes I regret _________ (move) to this part of the country.
I really miss (play) __________ tennis like I used to.
Its not worth (buy) ___________ a second hand bicycle. 4. I promise I wont forget (feed) _______ the car.
If you got a headache, try (take) ________ an aspirin.
Weve arranged (meet) ________ outside the school at 4.30.
Did you notice anyone (wait) ________ outside when you left?
Rustem pretended (not notice) _______ the “No parking” sign.
Aynur prefers (walk) ____________ to work.
We enjoy (play) ________ piano.



































TESTYOURSELF

1. Put the verb in right form: Its nice work.
to having finished d) to have finished
had finished e) being having
to have been finishing finishing
2. Find the Indefinite (Simple) from the verb “understand”: Its nice work.
to having finished d) to have finished
had finished e) being having
to have been finishing finishing
3. Put the verb in the right form:
That dog seems (be) friendly.
to be d) to being
to have e) have being
be
4. Put the verb in the right form: I promised (not be) late.
to not be. d) not to be
to be not. e) not having been
not to being
5. БWл с‹йлемде инфинитив: To make mistakes is easy.
аныKтауыш d) пысыKтауыш
баяндауыш e) бастауыш
толыKтауыш 6. БWл с‹йлемде инфинитив:
I have phoned you to ask for advice.
аныKтауыш d) пысыKтауыш
баяндауыш e) бастауыш
толыKтауыш
7. Инфинитив бастауыш функциясын атKарып тWрCан с‹йлемді к‹рсетіSіз:
Its too hot to wear coat.
Riding a horse is very exiting.
They seem to have been cleaning this house for a long time.
I am glad to have seen him.
To know our history well is necessary on the exam.
8. БWл с‹йлемде инфинитив:
I have phoned you to ask for advice.
аныKтауыш d) пысыKтауыш
баяндауыш e) бастауыш
толыKтауыш 9. БWл с‹йлемде инфинитив: He gave me a book to read.
аныKтауыш d) пысыKтауыш
баяндауыш e) бастауыш
толыKтауыш
10. Инфинитив толыKтауыш функциясын атKарып тWрCан с‹йлемді к‹рсетіSіз:
to have a lot of money is my dream
I hate making silly mistakes.
e) Our target is to enter
the university


My duty is to tidy the house.
I want to drink a cup of tea. 11. Put the verb in the right form: You always make me (laugh)
laughing d) laughed
to laugh e) to laughed
laugh
12. Put the verb in the right form: I want you (tell) the truth.
to have told d) to telling
telling e) told
to tell
13. Put the verb in the right form:
I heard her (open) the door and go out.
to open d) opens
open e) having open
opened
14. Choose the right variant:
I bought this new software ___________ Chinese.
for learning d) learned
learning e) to learning
to learn


15. Choose the right variant:
It isnt difficult ________ this textbook.
understand d) to understand
in order to understand e) understanding
for understanding
16. Choose the right variant:
Are you ready? Its time ___________ .
for going d) go
to go e) to going
going
17. Choose the right variant:
I talked to the students about working harder but I couldnt _______ them to study.
make d) let
get e) made
got
18. Choose the right variant:
My mother ___________ do my homework before I go out.
makes me d) lets me
helps me e) forces me
gets me
19. Choose the right variant:
Dont forget ________ home as soon as you arrive at your destination.
to call d) to be called
calling e) to have called
having called
20. Choose the right variant:
The man ________ in the garden is listening to music.
work d) is working
working e) to work
worked

UNIT XII
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ШАРТТЫ СЉЙЛЕМДЕР

Zero conditional
Jашанда шындыKты білдіретін жаCдайды к‹рсетеді. Form:
If + present simple / present simple If the sun shines the snow melts.

First conditional

Болуы мUмкін шартты ж‰не оныS келер шаKтаCы н‰тижесін білдіреді. Іс-‰рекет осы немесе келер шаKKа Kатысты.
JазаK тілінде басыSKы ж‰не баCыныSKы с‹йлемде келер шаK Kолданылады. АCылшын тілінде баCыныSKы с‹йлемде (if clause) present simple Kолданылады.
Form
If + present simple / will + simple form
If I dont eat breakfast, I will get hungry.
If it rains, we will not go to the picnic.
If we hurry, well catch the bus.
БасыSKы с‹йлемде will к‹мекші етістігініS орнына модальді етістікті KолдануCа болады.



Second conditional

БWл шарттыS орындалуы екіталай ж‰не шындыKKа келмейтін іс-‰рекетті білдіреді.
Form
If + past simple / would + infinitive
If I won the lottery I would buy an expensive car.
If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.
If I were you, I would accept their invitation.
Есте саKтаSыз!
Were к‹мекші етістігі жекеше тUрде де, к‹пше тUрде де Kолданыла береді.
If I was / were rich, I would spend all my time travelling.
If he was / were here, he would help us. (but he is not here)


Third Conditional (unreal past situations)

Љткен уаKытта болмай KалCан жаCдайларды сипаттау Uшін Kолданылады. Олар шын фактілерге Kарама KайшылыKты білдіреді.
Form
If + Past Perfect / would have + Past participle
If you had told me about the problem., I would have helped you.
(But you didnt tell me)
They would have passed the exam. If they had studied (But they didnt study and failed the exam )
If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo. (But the weather wasnt nice yesterday)


Mixed Conditional Аралас шартты с‹йлем

Кейде шартты с‹йлемніS екі б‹лігі де екі шаKKа Kатысты болуы мUмкін. МWндай шартты с‹йлемді Mixed Conditional (Аралас шартты с‹йлем) деп атайды. ОныS екі тUрі бар:
а) Бірінші тUрінде шартты с‹йлем ‹ткен шаKтаCы іс-‰рекетті
білдіреді, ал оныS н‰тижесі ‹ткен шаKKа Kатысты болады.
б) Екінші тUрінде шартты с‹йлем белгілі бір уаKытты
білдірмейді, ал оныS н‰тижесі ‹ткен шаKKа Kатысты болады.
If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be well now.




Wish, if, only
1) I wish would , if only would
БWл KWрылым осы шаKта болCан іс-‰рекетке к‹Sілі толмауды, риза болмауды, болашаKта оCан ‹згеріс енгізілгенін Kалауды білдіреді.
I wish you would make your bed. (I want you to make your bed).
I wish he would stop talking. (I want him to stop talking).
If only it would stop raining. (I want it to stop raining).

2) Wish, if only + Past Indefinite Осы шаKKа Kатысты ‹кініш жайлы айтKанда Kолданылады.
(екінші шартты с‹йлемніS тUрі сияKты)
If you I could eat eggs. (I cant eat eggs).
I wish I spoke French. (I dont speak French).
If only I knew her phone number. (I dont know her phone number).

Wish, if only + Past Perfect
Wish, if only + Past Perfect ‹ткен шаKKа Kатысты ‹кінішті білдіру Uшін Kолданылады.
I wish I had saved some money . = I didnt save any money.
I wish I had studied for the test. = I didnt study for the test.

UNLESS
Unless = if not
I cant see if I dont wear glasses. = I cant see unless I wear glasses. Unless you work much harder, you wont pass the exam.
He will go there if he isnt too busy. = He will go there unless he is too busy.

Салыстыр if / in case
Ill bring in the washing if it rains. (Ill bring it in at the time it starts raining).
Ill bring in the washing in case it rains. (Ill bring it now because it might rain later).
EXERCISES


· 1. Underline the necessary word.
This time in six months. Ill be at university unless / if I decide to take a year off first.
Wed better leave early tomorrow unless / in case theres a lot of traffic when we get to Doncaster.
You can watch the film as long as / in case you promise to go straight to bed when it finishes.
Lets go to Mirabellas tonight unless / if you havent been there before.
Unless / so long as Ive still got my health, I dont mind how poor I am.
Youd better take a sweater with you know if / in case it gets cold tonight.
Do what you like provided / unless you dont make any noise.
Im not going to worry unless / as long as she hasnt called by midnight.


· 2. Use the verbs in right forms.
Mr.Day: Cant you stop playing that computer? Youre making an awful noise.
Adam: Well, if I dont practice (I/not practice), I wont pass my exam.
Mr.Day: But why at night? Its half past twelve. If (1) (you/play) it in the daytime, (2) (I / not / hear) you because Id be at work. If (3) (you / tell) me about this trumpet when you first came here, (4) (I / not / let) you have the room. Im afraid its becoming a nuisance. If (5) . (you / not / play) so loud, (6) . (it / not / be) so bad.
Adam: Im sorry, but you cant play a trumpet quietly.
Mr.Day: if (7) (I / realize) a year ago what you were going to do, then (8) (I / throw) you out long ago. If (9) (you / go) on making this noise at night, (9) . (you / go) on making this noise at night, (10) (I / have) to complain to your college.


· 3 Underline the right verb in each sentence.
If the machine stops / will stop, you press / will press this button.
If you help / helped me with this exercise, I will / would do the same for you one day.
According to the timetable, if the train leaves / left on time, we will / would arrive on time.
If it is / will be fine tomorrow, we go / will go to the coast.
If we find / found taxi, we will get / would get there before the play starts.
Its quite simple really. If you take / will take / took these tablets every day, then you lose / will lose / lost / would lose weight.
I dont like this flat. I think I am / I will be / Id be happier if I live / will live / would live / lived in a house in the country.
I dont know how to play baseball, but Im sure that if I will do / did, I play / will play / would play a lot better than anyone in this awful team.
If I phone / will phone / phoned you tonight, are you / will you be / would you be in?
Why didnt you tell me? If you told / had told me, I had helped / would have helped you.
If Ann wasnt driving / didnt drive / hadnt driven so fast, her car didnt crash / wouldnt crash / wouldnt have crashed into a tree.
Let me give you some advice. If you smoked / would smoke
/ had smoked less, you didnt feel / wouldnt feel / wouldnt have felt so tried.
If you invited / had invited me last week, I was able / had been able / would have been able to come.
Im sure your letter hasnt arrived yet. If it came / had came Im sure I noticed / had noticed / would have noticed it.
We have a suggestion to make. How do you feel / would you feel if we offered / would offer / had offered you the job of assistant manager?
Terry never catches anything when he goes fishing. And if he catches / caught / had caught a fish, he throws / would throw it back.

TESTYOURSELF

1. Choose the right variant.
If it rains, we _________ at home.
would say c) stay
would have stayed d) will stay
2. Choose the right variant.
If you _______ harder, you will fail the exam
would not try c) do not try
would not have tried d) will not try
3. Choose the right variant.
If you behave yourself, you _______ with us to the concert.
would come c) can come
would have come d) will come
4. Choose the right variant.
If you do not work, you ________ holidays next week.
would not have c) do not have
would have had d) will not have
5. Choose the right variant.
If you ______ anything, ask me.
would need c) need
would have need d) will need
6. Choose the right variant.
If we are leaving soon, I _______ my coat.
would get c) get
would have got d) will get
7. Choose the right variant.
If I _________ the work by ten oclock, I will be able to come.
would finished c) have finished
would have finished d) will finish
8. Choose the right variant.
If you have finished your homework, you _________ . a) would be able to go out c) can go out
b) would have gone out d) will go out
9. Choose the right variant. Eat less or you _________ fat.
would get c) get
would have got d) will get
Choose the right variant.
If I ________ enough money, I would retire.
would have c) had
would have had d) will have
Choose the right variant.
If I lost my job, I ________ abroad for a while.
would go c) will go
would have gone d) might go
Choose the right variant.
If he were careful, he ________ things.
would not break
would not have broken
did not break d) will not break
13. Choose the right variant.
If she were slimmer, she _______ much more attractive.
would be c) was
would have been d) will be
14. Choose the right variant.
If you __________ me more information, I will not be able to help you.
would not give c) do not give
would not have given d) will not give
15. Choose the right variant.
They _________ their plane if they had not woken up late.
would not missed c) did not missed
would not have missed d) will not miss
16. Choose the right variant.
I ______ to the party if I ________ about it.
might have gone, knew c) might have gone, had
known
went, had known d) might go, had known
17. Choose the right variant.
I wish I _________ taller, because I am not very tall.
were c) would be
would have been d) will be
18. Choose the right variant.I wish I _________ on holiday with you, but I am busy tomorrow.
would go c) went
would have gone d) could go


UNIT XIII
CONSTRUCTIONS – КОНСТРУКЦИЯЛАР
“Used to do something” ж‰не “be used to doing something”
АCылшын тілінде “used to do something” конструкциясын бWрын даCдылы болCан, біраK Kазіргі уаKытта жасалынбайтын іс‰рекетті білдіру Uшін Kолданылады.
We used to live in a small village, but now we live in Astana.
I used to drive to work every day, but these days I usually go by bike.
Болымсыз с‹йлемде к‹мекші етістік did немесе not б‹лшегі Kолданылады.
We didnt use to have computers (=We never used to have computers.)


· “to be used to + V ing” осы шаKа Kатысты «даCдылану» маCынасына с‰йкес келеді
I wasnt used to wearing glasses – it seemed very strange at first.
I am used to getting up early.


· „to be used to + V ing конструкциясына „to get used to + V ing синонимдес.
Zhanar is getting used to live in the city. (She is becoming accustomed to live in the city)
They will soon get used to cooking their own meals.


· „Id like to do something с‹з орамы
„Id like to do something сыпайы тUрді білдіреді. СWраулы с‹йлемде “Would you like to + infinitive?”
Would you like to lay the table for me? – Yes, of course.
I would like a brochure, please.
We would like to order our drinks first.
Would you like to visit the museum with us?


· “Suggest doing / suggest that you should do” 2 жаCдайда Kолданылады:
1) Хабарлы с‹йлемде 2 конструкцияда Kолданылады.
Why dont we go for a walk?
She suggested doing for a walk OR She suggested that we should go for a walk
2) Біреуге кеSес беретін болCан жаCдайда конструкциясы Kолданылады. БWл жерде айтушы адам кеSеспен жUрмейді, іс‰рекет тек бір адаммен Cана іске асады.
Why dont buy some new clothes?
He suggested that I should buy some new clothes. (NOT he suggested buying new clothes.)


· “There is / there are с‹з орамдары
ЗаттыS, н‰рсеніS, атаудыS белгілі бір жерде тWрCанын, бар екенін білдіру Uшін жекеше тUрде „there is, к‹пше тUрде „there areKолдынылады. „There is / there areс‹з орамдары с‹йлемніS басында Kолданылады. To be етістігі шаKKа байланысты ‹згеріп отырады.
There is a lamp on the table. There is some water in the glass.
There are lamps in the shop. There are four children in our family.
There wasnt anybody in the room.
Are there any flowers in your classroom?
Is there any air in Mars?
EXERCISES


· 1. С‹йлемде There ж‰не be Kажетті формаларында KойыSыз.
1. There (isnt / arent) any letters in the mail for you today. 2. There (isnt / arent any mail for you today.
There (is, are) a lot of problems in the world.
There (is, are) a hole in his sock.
There (is, are) over 600.000 kings of insects in the world.
How many kinds of birds (is / are) there in the world? 7. Why (isnt / arent) there a hospital close to those villages?
There (was, were) a terrible earthquake in Iran last year.
Why (is, are) there a shortage of available apartments for rent in this city at present?
There (is, are) more women than men in my office.
There (has been, have been) a line in front of that theater every night for the past two weeks.
How many wars do you suppose there (has been, have been) in the history of the world since the dawn of civilization?


· 2. С‹йлемдерге used to немесе be used to KойыSыз.
I (live) used to live in Jakarta, but now I live in Paris.
I (live) am used to living in Jakarta. Ive lived here all my life.
Jane (work) ________ for the telephone company, but now she has a job at the post office. 4. This work doesnt bother me. I (work) _________ hard. Ive worked hard all my life.
Dick (have) ______ mustache, but he doesnt anymore. He shaved it off, because his wife didnt like it. I (see, not) him without his mustache. He still looks strange to me.
When I was a child, I (think) ________ anyone over 40 was old. Of course, now that Im middle aged, I agree with those who say “Life begins at 40.
It (take) ______ weeks or months to cross the Atlantic Ocean from Europe to the Americas, but now it takes only a matter of hours.
Even though Jason is only 12, he (fly) __________ on airplanes. His father is a pilot and has taken Jason with him in a plane many times.
When I was growing up, my mother often sent me to the neighborhood store to get something for her. And each time I went there, Mr.Ditmar, the owner, (give) ________ me a piece of candy.
Michael (take) ________ care of himself. He left home when he was 15 and has been on his own ever since.

TESTYOURSELF

1. Find the right variant of negative sentence. We used to live in Taraz.
We didnt used to live in d) We had not live in
Taraz. Taraz.
We not use to live in Taraz. e) We used not to lived
We didnt use to live in in Taraz.
Taraz.
2. Find the right variant of negative sentence. I used to eat a lot of chocolate.
I use not to eat a lot of d) I didnt use to eat a chocolate. lot of chocolate.
I didnt used to eat a lot of e) I used not to eat a lot chocolate. of chocolate.
I not use to eat a lot of chocolate.
3. Choose the right form of the verb. There some meat in the soup.
are d) wasnt
be e) arent c) „s
4. Choose the right form of the verb.
There a lot of peach trees in our garden.
be d) are
am e) being c) is
5. Choose the right form of the verb.
There many polar bears in Arctic.
was d) am
is e) are
be
6. Find the right variant of negative sentence. My brother used to work as a shop assistant.
My brother doesnt used to work as a shop assistant.
My brother used to didnt work as a shop assistant.
My brother didnt used to work as a shop assistant.
My brother not used to work as a shop assistant.
My brother dont used to work as a shop assistant.
7. Choose the right form of the verb. There some boys in the cafй.
is d) isnt
are e) are
was
8. Choose the right form of the verb.
there any juice in the glass?
be d) am
have e) are
is
9. Choose the right form of the verb.
There a lot of milk in the bottle. Give me a little!
was d) were
has e) been c) is
10. Choose the right form of the verb.
There some potatoes and carrots in the bag.
is d) be
are e) was
–
11. Choose the right form of the verb.
There a pen and some erasers in the pencil-case
being d) are
be e) -
is
12. Choose the right form of the verb. There little coffee in the cup.
is
were
have
13. Choose the right variant:
Why dont we go for a walk?
be
are

She suggested that he should
go for a walk.
She suggested going for a
walk.
She denied going for a walk.
She promised going for a walk.
She advised to go for
a walk.



14. Choose the right variant:
Why dont you buy new trousers?
He suggested buying new d) His trousers were trousers. very cheap.
He asked about trousers. e) He suggested that I
He refused to sell the should buy new trousers. trousers.
15. Choose the right variant:
People used to be healthier than they are now.
Do people use the health d) Did people use to be now? healthier?
Did people use the health? e) Were people healthier
Do people use to be healthy? before?
16. Choose the right variant:
There many children in the yard two hours ago.
been d) is
were e) was
are
17. Choose the right variant:
When I was three, I to the kindergarten.
to be used to d) used to go
used go e) using
am used to going
18. Choose the right variant:
Tell me, please, what youd like .
to be drinking d) drink
drinking e) being drink
to drink
19. Choose the right variant:
There any soup left in the casserole.
arent d) much
is e) wasnt
was
20. Choose the right variant:
Put on warm clothes. There a cold wind outside.
is d) got
was e) are
had

UNIT IVX
THE SYNTAX – СИНТАКСИС
General questions (Yes/No questions) – Жалпы сaраK

Жалпы сWраKтар к‹мекші етістіктер немесе модальдік етістіктерден басталады.
Do you speak English? – Yes, I do / No, I dont.
Can you swim? – Yes, I can / No, I cant.

Жай с‹йлем
Жалпы с‹йлем

Бастау ыш
Баяндауыш
ТолыKта уыш
ж‰не
пысыKта уыш
Етісті к
Бастау ыш
Баянда уыш
ТолыKта уыш
ж‰не
пысыKта уыш


К‹ме кші
етісті к
немес е
модал ьді
етісті к
Етіст ік

К‹ме кші
етісті к
немес е
модал ьді
етісті к

Етістік


He
is
readi
ng
a book.
Is
he
reading
a book?

They
have
retur ned
from
Astana
Have
they
returne d
from
Astana?

She
can
transl
ate
the article
Can
she
translat e
the article?

You
-
speak
Spanish
Do
you
speak
Spanish?

He
-
lives
in
Almaty
Does
he
live
in
Almaty?

She
-
finish
ed
her
translatio n in the evening
Did
she
finish
her
translatio n in the evening?


Special questions (WH – questions) – Арнайы сaраK

Арнайы сWраK сWрау есімдіктері немесе Uстеулерден басталып, с‹йлеушілерге белгілі оKиCалар, KWбылыстар туралы наKты ж‰не толыK жауап, хабар алу керек болCанда Kойылады.
Whom what, which, whose, when, why, where, how, how long, how big, how often, how much / how many есімдіктері арKылы жасалады.
What did the teacher read to the students yesterday?
How many books have you read?

Бастауыш
Баяндауыш
ТолыKтауыш
ПысыKтауыш

Who
is reading
a book
at the window?

What
is lying

on the table?



· Who and what questions
Who ж‰не what с‹йлемде бастауыш немесе толыKтауыш функциясын атKарады. Егер who немесе what бастауыш болса, онда к‹мекші етістіктер Kолданылмайды.
Who opened the window? (not Who did open the window?)
What happened to your arm? (not What did happened to your arm?)
Who phoned? (not Who did phone?)
Егер сWраулы с‹з толыKтауыш функциясын атKарса, онда к‹мекші етістіктер Kолданылады.
Who do you believe? – him or me?
What did you have for breakfast?
Who will you ring?
Alex loves Ann but Ann loves Tom.
Who loves Ann?Аннаны кім с_йеді? Who does Ann love? Анна кімді с_йеді?
My sister helped me and I helped my mother to lay the table.
Who helped you? – СаCан кім к‹мектесті? Who did you help? Сен кімге к‹мектестіS?





Disjunctive Questions (Tag questions)- АныKтаушы сaраK

АныKтаушы сWраK екі б‹ліктен тWрады: хабарлы ж‰не сWраулы. БWл сWраKтыS тUрі хабарлы б‹ліктегі берілген сWраKты растау Kажет болCанда Kойылады. Егер сWраKтыS бірінші б‹лігі хабарлы формада келсе, екінші б‹лігі болымсыз формада келеді, егер бірінші б‹лігі болымсыз формада келсе, екінші б‹лігі хабарлы формада келеді. СWраKтыS екінші б‹лігі к‹мекші етістік немесе модальды етістік арKылы жасалады. СWраулы б‹лігі жалпы сWраKKа WKсас болCандыKтан «солай емес пе», «ия» жауапты Kажет етеді.
You speak English, dont you?
You havent seen Joe, have you?
The children can swim, cant they?
I shouldnt laugh, should I?
It will be dark soon, wont it?
There was a mistake, wasnt there?
You arent ill, are you?
It is cold, isnt it?

Im к‹мекші етістігінен arent I Kолданылады.
Im right, arent I?
Im late, arent?
БІРАJ: I am not late, am I?

Nobody, somebody, everybody ж‰не no one есімдіктерінен кейін they Kолданылады.
Nobody phoned, did they?
Everybody is here, arent they?
Nobody likes her, do they?
Somebody has forgotten their coat, havent they?

Never, no, nobody, hardly, scarcely, little с‹здерінен кейін б‹лшекті сWраK хабарлы с‹йлемде Kолданылады.
She never smiles, does she?
She hardly spoke, did she?
There is scarcely enough time, is there?

Nothing есімдігі ‹зінен кейін it Kосымшасын керек етеді.
Nothing can happen, can it?
Nothing matters, does it?

Lets shall we есімдігімен бірге Kолданылады.
Lets go to the cinema, shall we?

Alternative question – Балама сaраK

Балама сWраK негізінде екі жалпы сWраKтан тWрады. МUмкін екі жауаптыS бірін таSдауды Kажет етеді, or жWрнаCы арKылы жасалады. СWраKтыS екінші б‹лігі ‰детте толыK емес болып Kалады.
Do you like or (do you like) coffee? – I like tea.
Is he studying or (is he) working? – He is studying.
Do you want to see my mother or father? – I want to see your mother.

Алтернативті сWраK сWраулы с‹зден басталады.
Which do you like: tea or coffee?
What is he doing: sleeping or working?

Imperative sentences - БaйрыKты с‹йлем

БWйрыKты с‹йлемдер бWйрыK немесе ‹тінішті білдіреді.
Dont open the window!
Close your dictionary!
Dont be late!
Sit down!


· Exclamatory sentences – Лепті с‹йлем
Егер айтылатын ой таSдануды, шатануды, наразылыKты білдіретін болса, онда хабарлы, сWраулы, бWйрыKты с‹йлемдер лепті с‹йлем бола алады.
Have you ever seen such weather!



UNIT XV
WORD ORDER – СЉЗ Т€РТІБІ
АCылшын тілінде с‹здер KатаS тUрде т‰ртіппен тWрады.
Жай с‹йлемніS с‹з т‰ртібі:
Бастауыш (Subject)
Баяндауыш (Verb)
ТолыKтауыш (Object)
ПысыKтауыш (Adverbial)

David bought a present yesterday.
(Бастауыш) (баяндауыш ) (толыKтауыш) (пысыKтауыш)


·Егер с‹йлемде екі толыKтауыш келсе (тура ж‰не жанама), онда тура толыKтауыш етістіктен кейін келеді.
David bought a present


·Жанама толыKтауышы бар с‹йлемде, тура толыKтауыш жанама толыKтауыштан кейін келеді.
David bought Lena (жанама толыKтауыш) a present (тура толыKтауыш) yesterday.


·К‹п етістіктер ‹зінен кейін жанама ж‰не тура толыKтауышты керек етеді. Жанама толыKтауыш тура толыKтауыш пен етістіктіS ортасында келеді.
David bought Lena a present.
He gave his wife a camera for Christmas.
Could you send me the bill?

Жанама толыKтауышты керек ететін етістіктер:
bring
lend
promise
take

buy
make
read
teach

cost
offer
refuse
tell

get
owe
send
wish

give
pass
show
write

leave
pay
sing




· Jимыл-сын _стеуі ‰детте етістіктен кейін келеді.
He drives slowly.
The sun shines brightly.

Егер етістік ауыспалы болса, онда Uстеу толыKтауыштан кейін немесе етістіктіS алдында келеді.
Tom ate his breakfast quickly. NOT Tom ate quickly his breakfast.
We played volleyball yesterday. NOT We played yesterday volleyball.
We asked permission politely. NOT We politely asked permission.


·Мезгіл _стеулер: always, often, seldom, ever, never, just, usually, generally, sometimes, soon, once ‰детте етістіктіS алдында келеді, біраK егер к‹мекші етістік немесе модальды етістік келсе, онда Uстеу к‹мекші ж‰не модальды етістіктерден кейін Kойылады.
My friend has just given me the book.
They usually have dinner at 7 oclock.
I once went there with my sister.
I really hate homework.
He is always late.
I don’t often go out in the evening.
The boss is usually in a bad temper.
You should never take unnecessary risks.
You must never got off the train when it is moving.
I can always help you.


·Yet, still ж‰не already.
Yet _стеуі (‰лі де) сWраулы немесе болымсыз с‹йлемніS соSында келеді.
Vicky has got a present, but she hasnt opened it yet.
Wait a minute. I am not ready yet.
Have you read the newspaper yet?
Have you sent the letter yet?


· Хабарлы с‹йлемде still ж‰не already негізгі етістіктіS алдында келеді, біраK am, is, are, have, has, dont к‹мекші етістіктердіS соSынан келеді.
Sarah isnt home yet. She is still at work.
We wrote a month ago, and we are still waiting for a reply.
There is no need to tell me. I already know.
I am already exhausted.

СWраулы с‹йлемде still ж‰не already бастауыштан кейін келеді.
Are you still waiting?
Has Tom already been on holiday?


· Мекен _стеулер ‰детте с‹йлемніS соSында келеді.
Is there a phone box nearly?


·Мезгіл _стеулер с‹йлемніS басында немесе соSында келеді.
Trevor wasnt very well last week.
Last week we had nothing to do.
Everyday we go jogging.
There is a news summary every hour.

Before, recently, lately с‹йлемніS соSында келеді.
I havent seen this film before.


·Very, quite
^стеуді немесе сын есімді білдіретін _стеу с‹здер ‹здері наKтылайтын UстеудіS немесе сын есімніS алдында келеді.
It is very cold today.
The time passed quite quickly.
This dress is absolutely marvelous.
She doesnt want to marry him. She thinks he is too old.

Enough (жеткілікті) с‹зі сын есімнен немесе Uстеуден кейін келеді.
The water isnt hot enough. This coat isnt warm enough for winter.

Enough зат есімді айKындайды, бWл жаCдайда еnough зат есімніS алдында келеді. СалыстырыSыз:
The coffee isnt strong enough.
You didnt put enough coffee in.

Too, either (сондай) _стеулері с‹йлемніS соSында келеді.
I will be there too.
I havent seen this film either.

Too (тіпті) с‹зі ‹зі айKындайтын с‹здіS алдында келеді.
It is too dangerous to walk at this time of night.
There are too many museums here to visit in a single day.


·Сaраулы с‹йлемдердегі с‹з т‰ртібі.
СWраулы с‹йлемдерде к‹мекші етістік бастауыштыS алдында келеді.
Have you received my letter of June 17? (not: You have received)
Did you like the concert?

Арнаулы сWраK сWраулы с‹зден басталады, кейін к‹мекші етістік ж‰не бастауыш келеді.
What does the boss want?
Where are the President and his family stating?

Егер who, which, what с‹здері бастауыш орнында келсе, онда к‹мекші етістік Kолданылмайды.
Who left the door open?
Which costs more – the blue one or the grey one?
What happened?


·Сaраулы с‹йлемдердегі _стеулер.
Has Andrew always liked Jessica?
Do you often go out in the evening?










EXERCISES


· 1. АныKтаушы сaраK KойыSыз.
Dont leave anything behind, will you?
David is bringing some ice-cream, ___________ ?
Nobody knows who invented the wheel, _________ ? 4. Lets invite the Ahmetovs from next door, __________ ? 5. Its a nice day, _________ ?
6. I was really first, __________ ? 7. She doesnt look well, ____________ ?
They look like big candles, ____________ ?
There is a light out there, ____________ ?
Hes a lovely little boy, ____________ ?


· 2. Read the situations and put the questions.
You want to know if it is raining. .. Is it raining?
You need to ask Polly where she lives. Where do you live?
You would like to ask Nancy where she bought her coat.
.
You want to ask Susan if Amy can swim. .
You want to ask Simon which band he likes best.

On the phone you want to know who you are speaking to.
.
You need to know how much video recorders cost.
.
You are asking permission to come in. . 7. You need to find out how long the journey takes. .
8. You want to ask Adrain what he locked the door for. 9. You want to ask what happens next. .
10. You want to suggest that you all go out together.
..


· 3. С‹йлемдердегі Kателерді т_зетіSіз.
Would like you to go sailing? . Would you like to go sailing?
Do you be a student here?
How many cakes have eaten you?
Enjoyed you your walk?
Where your friends have gone? 5. What kind music do you like? ..
Does Peter plays tennis?
About what are you talking? 8. What has it happened? .


· 4. Put the sentences in right form.
I / love / really / these / trousers
is / rather / silly / this game
already / Ive / paid / the bill
easily / Jonathan / passed / the test
a lot / cards / play / the children
enough / isnt / loud / the alarm 7. didnt / enough / sell / they / tickets
ask / many / questions / too / you
a member / any more / of the club / Im / not
enough / its / outside / to sit / warm

TESTYOURSELF

1. Choose the right variant.
He had no practice in composing music, _____________ ?
didnt he d) has he
had he e) doesnt he
does he
2. Choose the right variant.
You have read all Pushkins book, __________ ?
not you d) arent you
have you e) isnt it
havent you
3. Choose the right variant.
You have a bad headache, ___________ ?
isnt it d) havent you
dont you e) wont you
does it
4. Choose the right variant.
He never thought what might come out of it, ___________ ?
does he d) did he
hasnt he e) wont he
didnt he
5. Choose the right variant.
She comes from the family of Donovan, __________ ?
hasnt he d) doesnt she
didnt he e) wont she
do you
6. Choose the right variant.
You have fifnished your work, ___________ ?
didnt you d) wont you
havent you e) have you
dont you
7. Choose the right variant.
He isnt a student, ___________ he?
is d) isnt
does e) was
do

8. Choose the right variant.
There are so many people in the street, __________ ?
are they d) arent there
are there e) isnt there
arent they
9. Choose the right variant.
You dont play the piano, ____________ ?
a)dont you d) does it
do you e) hasnt it
doesnt you
10. Choose the right variant.
This winter is not very cold, __________ ?
isnt it d) wont it
is it e) hasnt it
does it
11. Choose the right variant.
They have to ask somebody else to help them, ___________ ?
havent they d) dont they
have they e) hasnt they
do they
12. Choose the right variant.
There were many mistakes in your dictation, ___________ ?
werent they d) werent there
were they e) arent there
arent they
13. Choose the right variant.
He had lunch at home today, ___________ ?
hadnt he d) didnt he
wasnt he e) had he
did he
14. Choose the right variant.
You lived here 3 months ago, ___________ ?
dont you d) have you
had you e) do you
didnt you



Choose the right variant.
It isnt very early now, _____________ ?
isnt it d) hant it
it is e) is it
doesnt it
Choose the right variant.
Pete doesnt work hard, ___________ ?
is he d) he works
he does e) doesnt he
does he
Choose the right variant.
A sick man cant go out, can he?
No, he cant. d) No, he isnt.
I didnt know. e) Yes, he could.
Yes, she could.
Choose the right variant.
Nothing can stop us now, __?
dont it
doesnt it
cant it
can it
does it
Choose the right variant:
You want to know who shouted “Fire”:
Who was shouting “Fire”?
Who was near the fire?
Whom did he shout at?
Who did shout “Fire”?
e)Who shouted “Fire”
Choose the right variant: The woman I saw was wearing a red sweater and black jeans. a) What is she wear?
What was she wearing?
What is she wearing?
What has she wearing?
What she wore?
UNIT XVI
WORD BUILDING – СЉЗ ЖАСАМ
АCылшын тілініS с‹здік KWрамы ‹зініS даму барысында басKа тілдегідей Uздіксіз ‹згерісте болды. МWндай ‹згерістердіS даму заSдылыKтары оларCа тUрлі жаSа с‹здердіS Kосылуы арKылы жасалады.
БWлар екі тUрлі жолмен жасалады:
а) басKа тілдерден енген с‹здермен толыCуы арKылы
‰) с‹з тудыру арKылы


· АCылшын тілінде с‹з жасам жUйесі ‰р тUрлі жолдармен жасалады:
С‹з мUлдем ‹згермейді
С‹з тудыру (Kосымшалар, префикстер мен жWрнаKтар жалCану арKылы)
С‹здегі екпінніS орны ауысуы арKылы
ТUбір с‹здегі дауысты ж‰не дауыссыздардыS ‹згеруі арKылы
С‹здіS бірігуі (екі немесе бірнеше тUбірдіS бірігуі арKылы)

1. С‹з м_лдем ‹згермейді.
АCылшын тілінде кейбір с‹здер айтылу мен жазылуы ‹згермей зат есім, етістік, сын есім немесe етістік бола алады.
answer (жауап) - to answer (жауап беру)
clean (таза) – to clean (тазалау)
change (‹згеріс) – to change (‹згеру)
dirty (лас) – to dirty (ластану)

2. Зат есімдер етістіктерден с‹здегі екпінніS орын ауыстыруы арKылы жасалады, зат есімдерде екпін бірінші буынCа т_ссе, етістіктерде екінші буынCа т_седі.
нncrease - to incrйase
йxport - to expуrt
нmport – to impуrt
trбnsport – to transport



3. Т_бір с‹здегі дауысты, дауыссыз дыбыстардыS ‹згеруі арKылы:
woman - women
use - use
advice - advise
proof – prove


· Префикстер мен жaрнаKтардыS жалCануы арKылы
Префикстер с‹здіS басында келеді де, жWрнаKтар с‹з соSында келеді. Префикстер с‹здіS маCынасын ‹згертеді, біраK с‹з сол с‹з табында Kала береді. ЖWрнаKтар ‰детте бір с‹з табын, екінші с‹з табына ‹згертеді.

Жиі Kолданылатын префикстер:
anti: cyclone – anticyclone; social – antisocial
counter: action – counteraction; claim-counter-claim

С‹зге болымсыз маCына беретін префикстер:
dis: honest – dishonest (арам), appear – disappear (жоCалу); like – dislike (жаKсы к‹рмеу)
in: мына ‰ріптердіS алдында ‹згереді: l, r, m, p: in + l + ill; in + r = irr; in + m – imm; in + p = imp): capable – incapable (Kабілеті жоK); legal – illegal (заSсыз); responsible – irresponsible (жауапсыз)
non: content – non-content ( риза болмау), essential – nonessential (мардымсыз)
un: pleasant – unpleasant (жайсыз), to lock – to unlock
(кілттеу)

Зат есімдер кейде с‹здердіS бірігуі арKылы жасалады. (БWл жаCдайда екінші Kосынды зат есімнен болады)
black + board = blackboard (сынып таKтасы)
time + table = timetable (сабаK кестесі)
text + book = textbook (оKулыK)






· Jарама-Kарсы маCына беретін префикстер:
de: merit-demerit

«Жасау» деген маCына беретін шылау:
en: large – enlarge, circle – encircle; rich – enrich

«БaрынCы» деген маCына беретін шылау:
ex – champion – ex-champion, ex-president, ex-minister

«Арасында, бірге» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
inter: action (іс-Kимыл) – interaction (бірдесіп), town – intertown (KалааралыK)

«Дaрыс емес» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
mis: to understand – to misunderstand (дaрыс т_сінбеу), to hear – to mishear (дaрыс естімеу)

«^стінде» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
over: to feed (тамаKтандыру) – to overfeed (асыра тамаKтандыру) , to estimate (баCалау) – to overestimate (асыра баCалау)

«Кейін» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
post: war (соCыс) – post war (соCыстан кейін)

«Алдында, ертерек» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
pre: historic (тарихи) – prehistoric (тарихтан бaрын)

«ТаCы да, Kайта» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
re: to open – to reopen (Kайта ашу), to read – to reread
(Kайта оKу)

«Астында» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
sub: marine – submarine (су асты)

«^стінде» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
super: natural – supernatural

«Бір н‰рсе арKылы» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
trans: to plant – to transplant

«Ультра, жоCары» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
ultra: violet – ultra-violet (ультрак_лгін), ultrashort
(ультраKысKа)

«Жеткіліксіз» деген маCына беретін шылаулар:
under: to value – to undervalue (баCаламау), to pay – to underpay (т‹мен жалаKы т‹леу)


· Жиі Kолданылатын жaрнаKтар: Зат есімніS жaрнаKтары:
- ability, -ibility: probability, possibility.
- age: leakage, marriage, passage.
- al: arrival, approval.
- ance, ence: importance, difference.
- dom: freedom, boredom, kingdom, wisdom
- ee: employee, interviewee, addressee
- er, -or: buyer, teacher, worker, writer, director, inventor, translator, visitor.
- hood: brotherhood, childhood, neighborhood
-ian: historian, Russian, Hungarian
-ion (-ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion): collection, production, connection, submission, production
- ism: tourism
- ist: terrorist, physicist, extremist, artist
- ment: agreement, development, government, payment
- ness: kindness, oldness, darkness, weakness
- our: colour
- ship: friendship, leadership
- th: depth, growth
- ty: safety
- ure (-ture): creature, mixture, pressure, departure, pleasure


· Сын есімніS жaрнаKтары:
- able, -ible: eatable, changeable, convertible
- al: central, cultural, formal, postal
- ant, - ent: different, resistant
- ary, - ory: secondary
- en: wooden
- ful: beautiful, careful, fruitful, useful
- ic: heroic
- ish: Scotish, reddish, Polish
- ive: active, comparative, effective, talkative
- less: hopeless, useless, homeless, helpless
- ous: dangerous, famous, glorious
- y: cloudly, dirty, sunny, rainy, frosty, windy, thirsty


· ЕтістіктіS жaрнаKтары:
-ate, - ute: to indicate, to execute
-en: to sharpen, to blacken, to shorten
- ify: to purify, to simplify, to classify
- ise, -ize: to characterize, to crystallize, to sympathize


· ^стеудіS жaрнаKтары:
- ly: easily, firstly, daily, weekly
- wards: homewards, northwards, backwards, upwards


· Екі немесе одан да к‹п с‹здердіS бірігуінен жасалCан с‹з жасам:
Rain (жаSбыр) + bow (доCа) = rainbow (кемпірKосаK)
Snow (Kар) + man (адам) = snowman (Kар адамы)
After (кейін) + noon (т_с) = afternoon (т_стен кейін)
Fire (от) + place (орын) = fireplace (камин)
Though (ой) + less аздау) = thoughtless (Kамсыз)
White (аK) + wash (жуу) = whitewash (‰ктеу)


· Кейбір с‹здер дефис арKылы жасалады:
Empty-headed (топас)
Counting-out-rhyme (санамаK)
Chimney-sweeper (мaрша тазалаCыш)
Merry-go-round (карусель)
First-class (бірінші класс)


EXERCISES


· 1. Зат есімдерді сын есімдерге ауыстырыSыз.
care - ___________
cheer - __________
grass - ___________
peace - __________
health - __________
noise - ___________
hope - ___________
smoke - __________
shame - __________
use – ___________


· 2. Етістікті болымсыз т_рге айналдырыSыз:
like - ____________
spell - ____________
agree - ___________
believe - __________
understand - ____________
cover - ______________
dress - _____________
connect - ___________
please - ______________
do - _____________


· 3. Сын есімді болымсыз т_рге айналдырыSыз:
able - __________
possible - _____________
capable - ___________
necessary - ____________
patient - ______________
proper - ______________
correct - ______________
conscious - ___________
complete - ___________
polite - _____________

TESTYOURSELF

1. ЖWрнаK жалCау арKылы сын есімге тUрлендіріSіз:
Danger
a) –ly b) – ous c) – ish d) – ic e) – word
2. Префикс арKылы сын есімге тUрлендіріSіз:
Known
a) un b) in c) mis d) dis e) non 3. Префикс арKылы жасалCан етістікті табыSыз:
remember d) electrify
reconstruct e) locate
continue
4. ЖWрнаK жалCау арKылы зат есімге тUрлендіріSіз: invent
a) er b) age c) hood d) tion e) or
5. Болымсыз маCыналы сын есімді табыSыз:
understandable d) regular
international e) illegal
note
6. ЖWрнаK жалCау арKылы зат есімге тUрлендіріSіз:
a) able b) – al c) – en d) – ish e) – age
7. Болымсыз маCыналы сын есімді табыSыз:
honest d) social
modest e) transplant
irregular
8. ЖWрнаKKа Kарай отырып, дWрыс аудараманы табыSыз:
«ЖеSіл»
easiness d) easier
easily e) easiless
easiest
9. “Equal” с‹зініS Kарама-Kарсы маCынасын табыSыз:
disequal d) unequal
imequal e) ilequal
inequal
10. Префикс арKылы жасалCан етістікті табыSыз:
make d) paint
resell e) speak
enjoy
11. Етістіктен жасалCан зат есімді табыSыз:
art d) agreement
winter e) kindness
friendship
12. Берілген Kай с‹з с‹йлемде етістік:
Did you like her answer?
My brother hasnt received the answer yet.
Im waiting for the answer.
It was a brilliant answer.
He seldom can answer the question?
13. Берілген Kай с‹з с‹йлемде етістік:
All the work is very difficult.
She fell asleep working on the computer.
He usually works in his room.
They employ a couple of young men to do the heavy work.
The follow definite standards in their work. 14. Зат есімді табыSыз:
kingdom d) reopen
seven e) historical
unpleasant
15. Болымсыз маCыналы сын есімді табыSыз:
wooden d) indefinite
active e) dirty
careful
16. Етістіктен жасалCан зат есімді табыSыз:
computer d) childhood
production e) historian
realism
17. ЖWрнаK жалCау арKылы зат есімге тUрлендіріSіз: weak
a) ment b) er c) hood d) ness e) ion
18. Етістіктен жасалCан зат есімді табыSыз:
idealism d) difference
wisdom e) running
Russian



19. ДWрыс аударманы табыSыз: Jайта KWру
construction d) underconstruction
unconstruction e) overconstruction
reconstruction
20. Префикс арKылы жасалCан етістікті табыSыз:
watch d) dislike
come e) dance
remember
21. ЖWрнаK жалCау арKылы зат есімге тUрлендіріSіз:
a) – ful b) – ous c) – ance d) – al e) - ish
22. Префикс арKылы жасалCан етістікті табыSыз:
eat d) write
move e) enlarge
location
23. Болымсыз маCыналы сын есімді табыSыз:
beautiful d) comic
unthinkable e) glorious
doubtful 24. ЖWрнаKKа Kарай отырып, дWрыс аудараманы табыSыз:
„БасKару
Governful d) Ungoverned
Governess e) Regovern.
Government
UNIT XVII
PREPOSITIONS - ДЕМЕУЛІКТЕР
Демеуліктер (предлогтар) зат есімніS немесе есімдіктіS с‹йлемдегі басKа с‹здерге Kарым-Kатынасын білдіретін к‹мекші с‹здер болып табылады. АCылшын тілінде септік жалCауларыныS болмауына байланысты, с‹йлемдегі с‹здер т‰ртібі мен демеуліктер аса маSызды Kызмет атKарады.
In, on, at (орын) демеуліктерімен кездесетін тWраKты с‹з тіркестері:

In
In prison / hospital – т_рмеде / ауруханада
In the lesson - сабаKта
In a book / newspaper – кітапта / газетте
In the photo / picture – фотода / суретте
In the country - елде
In the middle - ортасында
In the back / front of a car – артта / машинада
In a queue / line / row – кезекте / ретте

On
On the platform - платформада
On the farm - фермада
On the page / map - бетте / картада
On the screen - экранда
On the island / beach / coast – аралда / жаCажайда / жаCалауда
Drive on the right / left – оSCа Kарай бaрылу / солCа Kарай бaрылу
On the back of an envelope – конверттіS сыртKы бетінде

At
At station / airport – темір жол вокзалында / ‰уежайда
At home / work – _йде / жaмыста
At school – мектепте
At the top / bottom of hill – т‹беде / таудыS етегінде
At the end of the corridor – коридордыS соSында

18.2 In, on, at In
We bought the flat in 2003.
In + жыл / ай / жыл мезгілі
In 2012
In September
In winter
st century
In the 21

In + жaма / жaмадан к‹п
In the New-Year holiday
In the summer term In + к_нніS бір б‹лігі
In the morning
In the evening

Ескерту:
I woke up in the night (=in the middle of the night)
I cant sleep at night (=when it is night)
On
The exam is on Monday.
On + жaманыS бір к_ні / к_нніS жады
On Wednesday
On 19 April
On that day

On + наKты к_н
On Christmas Day
On Independence Day

On + жaманыS бір к_ні + к_нніS бір б‹лігі
On Friday morning
On Tuesday evening
In happened on Monday night

At
The film starts at seven thirty.

At + уаKыт (саCат) / тамаKтанатын уаKыт
At three oclock
At lunch (-time)
At that time

At the moment
Ескерту:
Еvery, last, next, this, tomorrow, yesterday с‹здерініS алдында in, on, at демеyліктері Kолданылмайды.
We go to Greece every summer
Ill see you next Friday.
My brother got married last year.
I leave school this year.
The party is tomorrow evening.
The group arrived yesterday morning.

In time or on time?
In time (for smth/ to do smth) = soon enough for (уаKытында болу, кешікпеу, белгілі оKиCада)
I must hurry. I want to get home in time to see the football match on television.
Ive sent Asem her birthday present. I hope it arrives in time.

On time = punctual, not late (д‰л уаKытында)
Buses arent on time like planes.
The 11.35 train left on time. (=it left at 11.35)

At the end or in the end?
At the end (something) = уаKыттыS аяKталуы немесе бір заттыS соSы
Im going away at the end of August.
All the players shook hands at the end of match.

In the end = аKырында, соSында
Erlan had a lot of problems with his car. In the end he sold it and bought another one. Rashid couldnt decide where to go for a holiday. He didnt go anywhere in the end.

For, since, before демеуліктері Present Perfect шаCында жиі Kолданылады.
For іс-KимылдыS KаншалыKты уаKыт созылCанын білдіреді.
Ive been waiting for you forty minutes. – Мен сені к_ткеніме 40 минут болды.
Ive known him just for two days.- Мені оны танысKаныма 2 к_н болды.
He has worked at the factory for three years. – Ол фабрикада жaмыс жасаCанына 3 жыл болды.

For – басKа шаKтармен де Kолданылады.
He worked at the factory for three years. – Ол фабрикада 3 жыл жaмыс жасады.
I will stay abroad for a week. – Мен шет елде 1 жaма боламын.

Since – іс-KимылдыS басталCан уаKытын білдіреді.
Ive been waiting since ten oclock. - Мен саCат 10-нан бері к_тудемін.
Ive known him since Monday. - Мені оны д_йсенбіден бері танимын.
Mila has been living here since last year. - Мила бaл жерде былтырдан бері тaрады.

Before – бWрын деген маCынаны білдіреді.
I have to finish my work before 5 oclock. Мен жaмысымды саCат беске дейін бітіруім керек.
Lets have a walk before breakfast. - ТаSCы асKа дейін Kыдырып KайтайыK.
I had passed my driving test three months before. - Мен ж_ргізушілік тестін _ш ай бaрын тапсырдым.
I have heard that before. - Мен бaны бaрын естігенмін.

€рт_рлі демеуліктермен Kолдынылатын тaраKты с‹з тіркестері:
After all – аKыры соSында
Day after day (week after week) – к_ннен к_нге (апта сайын)
The day after tomorrow – б_рсіг_ні
Long after – к‹п уаKыт ‹ткен соS
At the age (of) – aлCайCан шаCында
At the beginning - басында
At dinner (supper, tea) – т_скі ас уаKытында, (кешкі аста, шайда)
At the end - аяCында
At the expense (of) – біреудіS арKасында
At first - бірінші
At the head (of) - басKаруымен
At home - _йде
At least – дей тaрCанмен
At last - соSында
At low / high price – т‹мен / жоCары баCамен
At night - т_нде
At once - лезде
At first sight – бір к‹ргеннен
At a time – бір уаKытта
The day before yesterday – алдыSCы к_ні
Long before – бaдан бaрын
Beyond belief – м_мкін емес
Beyond doubt – ш_б‰ келтірмеу
Beyond hope - _мітсіз
Beyond one’s strength (power) – шамадан тыс
By accident - кенет
By heart – жатKа
By land (sea, air) – жерде, (суда, ‰уеде)
By mistake – Kателесіп
Step by step – Kадам Kадаммен
By train (bus, ship) – поезда, (автобуста, пароходта)
By the way - дегенмен
Up and down – жоCары ж‰не т‹мен
Upside down – т‹Sкеріліп
For ever – м‰Sгі
For instance - мысалы
For example - мысалы
For this purpose – сол маKсатпен
For the first (last) time - алCашKы / соSCы рет
From the beginning to the end – басынан аяCына дейін
From day to day – к_ннен к_нге
From time to time – мезгілден мезгілге дейін
From my (his) point of view – меніS (оныS) ойынша
In addition to – толыKтыру _шін
In case of – егер
In any case – Kалай дегенмен де
In demand - сaраныста
In favor of – пайда _шін
In front of – алCа, Kарама-Kарсы
In the East / West – шыCыста, батыста
A belief in - сену
In general - жалпы
In a loud voice – Kатты дауыспен
In the market – базарда
In the meantime – сол уаKытта
In the morning (afternoon) – таSертеS (к_ндіз)
In the open air – аспанда
In one’s opinion – оныS ойынша
In pencil (pen) – Kарандашпен (Kаламмен)
In conclusion - Kорытынды
In the direction – баCыт бойынша
In sight – к‹з алдында
In the spring (summer) – к‹ктемде, жазда
In the street – к‹шеде
In the sun - к_нде
In stead of - бірге
In vain - текке
In spite of - Kарамастан
Plenty of, a lot of – к‹п
A number of - рет
Of course - ‰рине
It’s kind / stupid of him – оныS тарапынан бaл ізеттілік / аKымаKтыK
On an (the) average - орташа
On behalf of – біреудіS атынан
On holiday – демалыста
On business – іс-сапармен
On condition that – шартпен, егер
On the contrary - керісінше
On demand - Kажеттілікпен
On foot - жаяу
On the other hand – бір жаCынан
On purpose - ‰дейі
On the right (left) – оSCа, солCа
On sale - саттыKта
On the sea - теSізде
On television (radio) – теледидардан, радиодан
On the way – жолда
On the whole - жалпы
And so on – т.с.с.
Later on - кейін
Out of danger – Kауіпсіз жерде
Out of date – мерзімі ‹ткен
Out of necessity – Kажеттілік бойынша
Out of pity (envy) – аяныштан (KызCаныштан)
Out of work - жaмыссыз
All over the world – б_кіл д_ние бойынша
The lesson is over – сабаK аяKталды
Round the corner - бaрышта
All around - ‰р жерде
To the end – соSына дейін
To the right (left) – оSCа (солCа)
Under the circumstance – бaл жаCдайда
Up-to-date - Kазіргі
Up to here - ‰лі к_нге дейін (мекен)
Up to now - ‰лі к_нге дейін (мезгіл) The time’s up – уаKыт аяKталды
What’s up? – не болып Kалды?
Without doubt – к_м‰нсіз
Without fail – міндетті т_рде

EXERCISES


· 1. Choose the right variant:
Cat was leaning by / against the wall with its hand in / into his pockets.
I got at / to the station just in time to see my mother getting from / off the train.
The cafй is among / between the chemists and the butchers and across / opposite the library.
Merlan lives at / in Taraz, which is at / in the south of Kazakhstan.
Travelling by / in your own car is better than going by / on foot.
Maral had a hat on / over her head and a veil above / over her face.
We arrived at / in England at / in Gatwick Airport.
Terry isnt here. Hes away in business / on business.
I cant disturb her now. Shes at bed / in bed.
Madina always arrives exactly in time / on time for her lessons.


· 2. Put in, on, at. We spent the hole holiday on the beach. 1. I read about the pop festival a magazine.
My parents flat is . the twenty-first floor.
Melanie was holding a small bird .. her hands.
Ill meet you . the airport.
Natasha now lives .. 32 the avenue.
I was standing .. the counter in the bakers shop, waiting to be served.
London is .. the Thames.
There werent many books . the shelves. 9. The passengers had to stand . a queue.
10. The woman sitting next to me left the train
Chesterfield.




· 3. Choose the right preposition. 1. Ill send someone to call ___________ the parcel on Thursday.
I came _______ one of your novels in a second-hand bookshop.
Im not interested in buying anything. Im just looking ___________ .
Dont you think the manager should deal ___________ this problem.
George came _______ a lot of money when his uncle died.
I arrived ____________ the station.
She is very good _____________ languages.
Congratulations ____________ your success.
The bus crashed _________ a tree.
It all depends ___________ weather.
I divided the cake ___________ three parts.
Why is she dressed __________ black? 13. Im interested __________ most sports.
14. He was very kind ___________ her. 15. Im looking __________ a place to live.










TESTYOURSELF

1. Choose the right variant.
I remember that it was ______my fifteenth birthday that she first put them ______ my hands.
in / on d) into / on
on / into e) at / on
on / at
2. Choose the right variant.
I think well have read the article _______ 5 p.m. today.
at d) by
to e) in
for
3. Choose the right variant.
Its necessary _____ him to do it _________ this year.
of / in d) for / by
for / - e) to / -
to / during
4. Choose the right variant.
I wanted a book _____ Oscar Wilde and asked the librarian to show _____me some ________ his books.
by / - / of d) on / on / with
of / with / at e) by / to / by
of / to / by
5. Choose the right variant.
Take a piece ______ chalk and write the sentence ________ the blackboard.
of / at
of / of
on / on
of / in
of / on
6. Choose the right variant.
______ Monday morning I had been waiting _____ you ____two hours but you didnt come.
in / for / at d) on / for / for
on / - / for e) on / for / -
- / with / during
7. Choose the right variant.
What is happening _________ this picture?
at d) in
from e) off
of
8. Choose the right variant.
Do you agree _________ her?
to d) by
of e) with
for
9. Choose the right variant.
“___ your place Id ask the boy to apologize ____ you,” Ann said ____ her friend.
on / with / in d) with / on / on
in / to / to e) up / with / to
at / to / for
10. I arrived ________ the station ___________ a taxi.
to / by d) at / in
to / on d) into / by
at / by
11. Choose the right variant.
A traveler who visits New York ______ the first time admires ____ the new architecture.
with / of d) in / with
of / of e) at / to
for / -
12. Choose the right variant.
The girl was dressed ______ the latest fashion but my clothes were quite _____ fashion.
after / out d) for / off
by / out e) on / to
in / out of
13. Choose the right variant.
He is waiting _____ us ________ .
to / round d) for / outside
over / above e) until since
out of / from

14. Choose the right variant.
I looked ____ the box, but there was nothing ______ .
inside / into d) off / upon
into / inside e) out of / inside
around / of
15. Choose the right variant.
I have read some articles ________ this subject _____ the books you gave me.
about / for d) down / by
except / during e) on / besides
beyond / between
16. Choose the right variant.
We protested ____ delays ______ delivery _________ the goods. a) against / in / of d) against / of / in
across / over / after e) along / behind /
about / under / of beside
17. Choose the right variant.
I can see all the details; the boy lazy cat spread out ____ the fireplace, my aunt ______ one chimney corner.
with / without d) within / beyond
in front of / in e) above / over c) in / on
18. Choose the right variant.
My contract has been extended ______ another tear.
to d) for
during e) over
in
19. Choose the right variant.
Think ______ the end _______ every beginning.
for / with d) with / with
to / for e) about / at
of / in
UNIT XVIII
THE LEXICOLOGY - ЛЕКСИКА
ФразалыK етістіктер

ФразалыK етістіктердіS KWрылысы мынадай: етістік + демеуліктер (_стеу).
For example: come in, sit down, take off.
АCылшын тілінде фразалыK етістіктер ‹те к‹п.
About, along, around, away, back, behind, by, down, forward, in, off, on, out, over, round, through, up демеуліктері фразалыK етістіктер тобын KWрайды.
Егер сіз ‰р с‹здіS маCынасын білсеSіз, фразалыK етістіктерді тUсіну ‹те оSай. Дегенмен кейбір етістіктер идиома болып келеді. Тура маCына беретін фразалыK етістіктер:
You may come in and sit down. The man in front turned round and stared at me.

ИдиомалыK (фразеологиялыK) маCынасы бар фразалыK етістіктер:
Fortunately, the plan came off (=succeed)
Why did you turn down such a good offer? (=refuse)

Жиі Kолданылатын фразалыK етістіктер

find out = discover go back = return go on = continue leave out = omit send out = distribute throw out = discard give up = stop hold up = delay put off = postpone put on = wear look for = seek try on = wear
bring in = introduce turn up = arrive, appear go away = disappear fix up = arrange go off = explode make up = invent
come about = happen fall in = quarrel work out = calculate turn on= connect switch on = connect look after = care

get up = get out of bed come back = return
fall away = disappear
go in for = have smth as interest or

give back = return smth to its owner stand up = be on your feet put up with = tolerate come across = meet by chance come in = become fashionable come along = arrive to look up = find information to go ahead = be in front of others
to go on = continue
come through = arrive by phone, radio
look at = examine smth closely
hobby to get through = use up smth put down = make smb feel stupid look for = expect smth go out = leave give up = stop trying to do smth wash up = wash dishes after meal take off = leave a place look through = pretend not to see smb put on = wear
look after = take care of smth


Proverbs – МаKал м‰телдер

Knowledge is power – Білікті бірді жыCады, білімді мыSды жыCады. There is no royal road to learning – ОKу инемен KaдыK KазCандай
No grass grows on his heel – ЕSбекпен ер к‹герер.
Better late than never – Ештен кеш жаKсы.
East or West home is best – Љз _йім - ‹леS т‹сегім.
Experience is the mother of wisdom - К‹р жасаCаннан сaрама, к‹п к‹ргеннен сaра.
Many men many minds – Jанша адам болса, сонша пікір.
Good health is above wealth – ДенсаулыK зор байлыK
He who laughs at crooked man should walk very straight – К_лме досKа, келер басKа.
No gain without pain – Бейнетсіз зейнет жоK.
Patience is a virtue – Сабыр т_бі – сары алтын.
Practice makes perfect – К‹ш ж_рсе т_зеледі.
Promise is a debt – Ер жігіттіS екі с‹йлегені - ‹лгені.
Two heads are better than one – Елмен к‹рген еленбес.
Look before you leap – Жеті рет ‹лшеп, бір рет кес.
Let sleeping dogs lie – ЖатKан жыланныS KaйрыCын баспа.
Many words hurt more than swords – С‹з с_йектен, таяK еттен ‹теді.
Seeing is believing – Естігенге емес, к‹ргенге сен.
Nothing venture, nothing have - €рекет болмай, берекет болмас.
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today - Б_гін бітер істі ертеSге Kалдырма.
Never say die – ^мітсіз шайтан
One man does not make a team – ЖалCыздыS _ні шыKпас, жаяудыS шаKы шыKпас.
Where there is a will there is a way – Іздеген мaратына жетеді
All is not gold that glitters – ЖылтыруыKтыS б‰рі алтын емес
All bread is not baked in one oven – Бес саусаK бірдей емес
Good beginning makes good ending – ІстіS басы байлы болса, аяCы сайлы болар
Be slow to promise and quick to perform – У‰де бердіS айтыс жоK, Kолдан бердіS Kайтыс жоK.
Better be born lucky than rich – Таудай талап бергенше, бармаKтай баK бер.
Bird in the hand is worth two in the bush – АспандаCы сaSKардан KолымдаCы тaрымтай жаKсы
Blind men can judge no colours – СоKыр тауыKKа б‰рі бидай
By doing nothing we learn to do ill – ТамаCы тоKтыK, жaмысы жоKтыK, аздырар адам баласын
Clothes make the man – АдамныS к‹ркі ш_берек
Custom is second nature - Ауру Kалса да, ‰дет Kалмайды. Cut your coat according to your cloth – К‹рпеSе Kарай к‹сіл Curiosity killed the cat – Тек ж_рсеS – тоK ж_ресіS.
Curses like chickens come home to roast. – Біреуге ор Kазба ‹зіS т_серсіS
First think, then speak – Ойланбай с‹йлеген ауырмай ‹леді
Friend in need is a friend indeed – ЖоK кездегі дос – дос, бар кездегі дос – бос
Friends frown is better than a foes smile – Дос жылатып айтады, дaшпан к_лдіріп айтады
Handsome is that handsome does – Т‰ні сaлу сaлу емес, жаны сaлу – сaлу
Silence is golden, speech is silver – К‹п с‹з – Kола, аз с‹з – алтын
There is reason in all things – Жел тaрмаса ш‹птіS басы Kимылдамайды.
Strike while the iron is hot – Темірді KызCан кезде соK.
EXERCISES


· 1. Берілген с‹йлемдерді т‹мендегі с‹здермен толыKтырыSыз.
Across, against, for, in, into, on, round, to, up, with
Ill send someone to call the parcel on Thursday.
Youll have to work hard to keep . with the rest of the class.
Jean didnt expect to come up such difficulties. 4. Its not fair. Youre always picking me.
5. Terry sang the first verse and then everyone joined . 6. I came one of your novels in a second – hand bookshop.
7. Im not interested in buying anything. Im just looking . 8. Dont you think the manager should deal this problem?
George came a lot of money when his uncle died.
You look very guilty! What have you been getting up ?


·2. Курсивпен берілген с‹здерді фразалыK етістікке айналдырыSыз.
I think that you invented this story. __________ .
When do you think your book will be published? _________
I think that the weather is improving. __________
I cant find an answer to this problem. ___________
Be careful! You are going to fall. _____________
Im afraid, William tends to stop trying. __________
The plane is going to leave the ground. ___________
I think that Sue and Neil have quarreled. ___________
She longed to visit the house in Artvin, where she was brought up as a child. _________
The car suddenly stopped, and I realized that we had no more petrol. _______


· 3. ФразалыK етістікті жай етістікке айналдырыSыз.
At half past six, the alarm clock went off. ___________
Jim is very good at talking off his teacher. ___________
Please dont bring up that subject again. _____________
There is one small matter I would like to clear up.
_____________
Jean is really good at picking up languages. __________
All my old clothes need taking up. _______
The whole cost of the equipment works out at 450. _____________
Jackie broke down and everyone felt sorry for her. ______________
Although none of us wanted to go on picnic, it turned out to be quite enjoyable. ________
Johns finally got over his operation now and is back at work.
____ .


· 4. JазаKша баламасын беріSіз.
Handsome is that handsome does. ______________
Business before pleasure. ____________
Better late than never. ______________
Half a loaf is better than no bread. ___________
So many men, so many minds. ___________
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. _________
Everything is good in its season. ____________
When the cat is away, the mice will play. _____________
Something is better than nothing. _____________
Live and learn. ______________



















TESTYOURSELF

1. End the proverb. Last, but not .


small
big
least
2. End the proverb. All is well that .
lost
best

you can do today.
before pleasure.
you see. 3. End the proverb.
Health is
ends well.
makes bell.

money
half a dollar
light
4. End the proverb.
Every country has its .
better than wealth
hospital

keys
president
knight
5. End the proverb.
Wear the old coat .
customs
culture

and buy the new book.
than never.
and new boots.
and eat chips.
and have a pleasure.

6. МаKалдыS дWрыс баламасын табыSыз. Љз Uйім - ‹леS т‹сегім.
Guests come with eating.
A man can sit but once.
East or West, home is best.
Custom is a second nature.
7. End the proverb. A fly in the .
e) A cat in gloves catches no mice.

words.
good as a rest.
home is best.
ointment.
Ill scratch yours.


8. End the proverb.
Be slow to promise and quick to .
advise d) perform
talk e) run
sleep
9. Фразеологизмді аяKтаSыз. Out of sight, out of
mind d) hair
heart e) nose
kidney
10. Фразеологизмді аяKтаSыз. Without a
money d) stitch
problem e) mouth
hitch
11. Фразеологизмді аяKтаSыз. A storm in a . .
street d) sea
mouth e) jar
tea-cup
12. Фразеологизмді аяKтаSыз. No without pain.
health d) life
gain e) illness
lesson
13. Фразеологизмді аяKтаSыз. To make both ends .
meet d) sleep
sharp e) finish
go apart
14. Фразеологизмді аяKтаSыз. Every dog has his .
tail d) plate
day e) kennel
owner




15. Фразеологизмді аяKтаSыз.
is the sports of kings.
Volleyball d) War
Art e) Golf
Army
16. Фразеологизмді аяKтаSыз.
A bird may be known by its .
nest d) leap
feather e) song
beak 17. ФразалыK етістігі бар с‹йлемді табыSыз:
There are many clouds in d) May I come in? the sky. e) Im going to buy a pet.
The sun is setting.
He was born in France.
18. ФразалыK етістігі бар с‹йлемді табыSыз:
She doesnt study anywhere.
They do voluntary work.
You have to take off your
coat when you come in.
19. АударыSыз:
«Спортпен айналысу»:
Children have already
fallen asleep.
They took him to the
hospital right away.

to be good at sport
to make sport
to go in for sport
to have sport

c) to do sport
«ЛаKтыру» деген маCына беретін фразалыK етістікті табыSыз :
to give across d) to give for
to give on e) to give up
to give away
20. ФразалыK етістігі бар с‹йлемді табыSыз:
She has put too much salt d) Dont put your hands into the soup. on the table.
Put the book into your bag. e) Put some sugar into
In winter people put on your tea. warm clothes not to get cold.



ДWрыс фразалыK етістікті табыSыз:
The teacher told us not to him for a minute.
look to d) look for
look on e) look at
look up
ФразалыK етістігі бар с‹йлемді табыSыз:
I have to look after my little d) Dont touch my piece brother. of cake.
I dont like guests. e) When do you usually
We will have new uniform go to school? next year.
ДWрыс фразалыK етістікті табыSыз:
Could you please the light. Its too dark here.
turn on d) turn over
turn off e) turn up
turn left
ДWрыс жауапты табыSыз:
In case you dont know any word, you may it in the dictionary.
look on d) look for
look up e) look from
look

UNIT XIX
SPELLING PROBLEMS – ОРФОГРАФИЯ

·- ful жWрнаCы бір l ‰ріпімен жазылады:
useful
helpful


·Сын есімнен Uстеу жасалCанда l ‰рпі екі еселенеді:
usefully
helpfully


· Бір буынды с‹здерге - ing, -ed, -er жалCанса, дауыссыз дыбыс екі еселенеді:
swim - swimming
thin - thinner
fit – fitter


· Екі буынды с‹здердіS екінші буынына екпін тUсетін болса, онда соSCы дыбыс екі еселенеді:
prefer – preferred


· Егер етістік – ie аяKталса, онда – ie ‰рпі – y ‰рпіне айналады да, - ing жалCауы жалCанады. Ал – ed жалCанатын болса, онда тек – d жалCанады.
die – dying - died
lie – lying – lied


· - Ough-Kа аяKталатын с‹здер:

Now с‹зі сияKты оKылады:
plough
bough

Cuff с‹зі сияKты оKылады:
enough
rough
tough


Toe с‹зі сияKты оKылады:
tough
dough

Off с‹зі сияKты оKылады:
cough


· Т ‰рпі оKылмайтын с‹здер:
listen
whistle
hasten, fasten
castle
glisten
bristle
mistletoe


· B ‰рпі оKылмайтын с‹здер:
Plumber, thumb, comb, lamb, tomb
Debt, doubt, subtle, dumb

EXERCISES


· 1. Open the brackets.
supply (ing) – supplying
destroy (ed) - ____________
apply (ing) - _____________
beauty (ful) - _____________
regretful (y) - _____________
hopeful (y) - ______________


· 2. Fix the spelling errors.
diferent 6. dauhgter
loverly 7. milkmiad
holliday 8. introdecu
lugage 9. montauni
sincerely 10. exbihition


· 3. Put the end to the following verbs – ind and - ed:
1. try: trying, tried


6. offer: ___________

2. boil: __________


7. prefer: __________

3. stay: __________


8. gain: ___________

4. type: _________


9. study: __________

5. tap: __________


10. die: ___________


TESTYOURSELF

1. Compile the word from the following letters: f, w, a, u, l.
waulf d) uflaw
faluw e) aulwf
awful
2. Choose the correctly written word:
friendship d) frendship
freindchip e) championship
frienchip
3. The correctly written noun:
doores d) flowers
bottles e) haes
cutain
4. Compile the word from the following letters: a, u, r, e, b, u.
uraebu d) urebau
bureau e) eaubru
ruubea
5. Choose the correctly written word:
intresting d) interesting
itresting e) intertin
interting
6. Compile the word from the following letters: w, r, t, e, a, i.
writea d) eawrit
teawir e) waiter
reawit
7. Choose the correctly written word:
honest d) unest
onist e)honst
honist
8. Choose the correctly written word:
development d) mentdevelop
development e) development
vedelopment
Compile the word from the following letters: p, p, o, o, t, t, r n, i, y, u.
nuiptortyo d) unitytoporp
porptuinoty e) optuiportty
opportunity
Choose the correctly written word:
pretty
petty
APPENDIX – I WORD-FORMATION SUFFIXES СЉЗ ТУДЫРУШЫ Ж`РНАJТАР

I. ЗАТ ЕСІМ ТУДЫРАТЫН Ж`РНАJТАР

1.1. Етістіктен зат есім тудыратын жaрнаKтар

- er, - or



to direct
жетекшілік жасау
director
директор

to inspect
тексеру
inspector
инспектор

to invent
‹нер табу
inventor
‹нер тапKыш

to produce
‹ндіру
producer
‹ндіруші

to sell
сату
seller
сатушы

to supple
сату
supplier
жеткізуші

to read
оKу
reader
оKырман

to teach
оKыту
teacher
оKытушы

to translate
аудару
translator
аудармашы

to visit
келу
visitor
келуші

to work
жWмыс істеу
worker
жWмысшы

-ee



to trust
сену
trustee
сенім

-ition (-ation, - tion, - sion, -ssion)



to collect
жинау
collection
коллекция

to connect
Kосу
connection
байланыс

to dictate
айтып жаздыру
dictation
диктант

to introduce
енгізу
introduction
кіріспе

to produce
шыCару, ‹ндіру
production
‹ндіріс

to transmit
жеткізу
transmission
хабар, жеткізуші

-ment



to agree
келісу
agreement
келісім

to develop
дамыту
development
даму

to govern
басKару
government
басKарма

to pay
т‹леу
payment
т‹лем

-ure



to depart
кету
departure
кету

to press
басу
pressure
Kысым

1.2. Сын есімнен зат есім тудыратын жaрнаKтар

-ance, ence жaрнаCы – ant, -ent


important
маSызды
importance
маSыздылыK

different
‰р тUрлі
difference
айырмашылыK

insistent
Kайсар
insistence
KайсарлыK

-dom жaрнаCы


free
бос
freedom
еркіндік

wise
данышпан
wisdom
даналыK

- ness жaрнаCы


cold
суыK
coldness
суыKтыK

dark
KараSCы
darkness
KараSCылыK

kind
мейірімді
kindness
мейірімділік

weak
‰лсіз
weakness
‰лсіздік

-ity жaрнаCы


active
белсенді
activity
белсенділік

able
Kабілетті
ability
Kабілеттілік

simple
Kарапайым
simplicity
KарапайымдылыK

possible
мUмкін
possibility
мUмкіндік


1.3. Зат есімнен зат есім тудыратын жaрнаKтар

- hood жaрнаCы



brother
бауыр
brotherhood
бауырластыK

child
бала
childhood
балалыK шаK

man
ер адам
manhood
ерлік

mother
ана, шеше
motherhood
аналыK

neighbour
к‹рші
neighborhood
к‹ршілестік

- ship жaрнаCы



dictator
диктатор
dictatorship
диктатура

friend
жолдас
friendship
достыK

leader
к‹сем
leadership
басшылыK

member
мUше
membership
мUшелік








ІІ. СЫН ЕСІМ ТУДЫРАТЫН Ж`РНАJТАР
1.1. Етістіктен сын есім тудыратын жaрнаKтар
-able, - ible




to change to compare to convert to eat
‹згеру салыстыру айналдыру жеу
changeable comparable convertible eatable
‹згермелі салыстырмалы айналCан жеуге жаратйын

-ant, -ent




to differ to insist to resist
‹згешелену к‹ндіру KарсылыK к‹рсету
different insistent resistant
‰р тUрлі Kайсар кедергі, KарсылыK

- (at) ive




to act
to compare to restrict to talk to effect
істеу салыстыру шек Kою с‹йлесу ‰сер ету
active
comparative restrictive talkative effective
іскер
салыстырмалы шектегіш с‹зшеS н‰тижелі


2.2. Зат есімнен сын есім тудыратын жaрнаKтар

- al




central culture form post
ортасы м‰дениет форма почта
central cultural formal postal
орталыK
м‰детиетті формалъды почталыK

-ful




beauty care doubt use
‰демілік KамKор кUдік пайда
beautiful careful doubtful useful
‰демі KамKоршы кUм‰нді пайдалы

- less




hope
use home help
Uміт пайда Uй к‹мек
hopeless useless homeless helpless
Uмітсіз
пайдасыз Uйсіз к‹мексіз

-ous




fame danger
атаK Kауіп
famous dangerous
атаKты Kауіпті

courage glory
батылдыK атаK
courageous glorious
батыл атаKты

-y




cloud fog rain
бWлт тWман жаSбыр
cloudy foggy rainy
бWлтты тWманды жаSбырлы

-ish




red pole swede
Kызыл Поляк
Швед
Reddish polish swedish
Kызылдау
ПольшалыK Шведтік

-en




wood gold wool
аCаш алтын жUн
wooden golden woolen
аCаштан жасалCан алтын жUннен жасалCан



ІІІ. ЕТІСТІК ТУДЫРАТЫН Ж`РНАJТАР
3.1. Сын есімнен етістік тудыратын жaрнаKтар
-en жaрнаCы



black sharp short wide
Kара ‹ткір KысKа кеS
to blacken to sharpen to shorten to widen
Kаралау Kайрау KысKарту кеSейту

-fy жaрнаCы



false simple pure
жалCан
Kарпайым таза
to falsify to simplify to purify
бWрмалау Kарапайым болу
тазалау


3.2. Зат есімнен етістік тудыратын жaрнаKтар

-ize жaрнаCы



character crystal sympathy
мінез кристалл ниет білдіруші (симпатия)
to characterize to crystallize to sympathize
мінездеме беру кристалдану ниет білдіру

-en жaрнаCы



strength
кUш
to strengthen
кUшейту







IV. ^СТЕУ ТУДЫРАТЫН Ж`РНАJТАР
4.1. Сын есімнен тудыратын жaрнаKтар

- ly




nice bad slow bright brave hard angry
жаKсы жаман аKырын жарыK батыр
Kатты ашуланшаK
nicely badly slowly brightly bravely hardly angrily
жаKсыраK жаманыраK аKырыныраK жарыKтау батырыраK Kатты ашулы



APPENDIX – 2 PUNCTUATION – ПУНКТУАЦИЯ

A. Full stop (.), question mark (?) and exclamation mark (!) A sentence ends with one of these punctuation marks.
Full stop: Its cold today.
The office was closed. Please be careful.
Question mark: Whos that?
Did you see the show?
Could you wait, please?
Exclamation mark: Oh, no! I dont believe it!
* In the US a full stop is called a “period”.
Semi-colon (;)
We can use a semi-colon between two separate statement which are linked in meaning.
Melanie is a very kind person; she visits David in hospital every day.
We could also use a full stop here.
Colon (:)
We can use a colon before an explanation or before a list.
Vicky felt nervous: she hated the dark. There wasnt much in the fridge: a couple of sausages, some butter, and half a bottle of milk.
Dash (-)
A dash is rather informal. It is sometimes used instead of a colon or a semi-colon.
Im having a great time – theres lots to do here. Vicky felt nervous – she hated the dark.
E Comma (,)
We often use a comma when we link two statements with and, but or or.
Daniel was tired, and his feet were hurting. Its a really good camera, but I cant afford it. Note the two subjects in each sentence: Daniel his feet and It I. When there is only one subject, we do not use a comma.
Daniel sat down and took his shoes off.
We can also use a comma when a sentence has a linking word like when or although.
When the office is busy, Sarah has to work late. For commas with relative clauses.
Sometimes a comma can separate off an adverb or a phrase.
Sarah, unfortunately, has to work late. On busy days, Sarah has to work late. Here the commas separate off on busy days and unfortunately.
The rules about commas are not very exact. In general, commas are more likely around longer phrases. With a short phrase there is often no comma. On busy days Sarah has to work late. Sometimes she was to work late.
It is less usual to separate off something at the end of the sentence.
Sarah has to work late when the office is busy. She stayed late to get the work done. We do not usually put a comma before to expressing purpose.
We also use commas in a list of more than two. The last two are linked by and, often without a comma.
I went out with Rachel, Vicky, Emma and Matthew.
F Quotation marks („)
We put direct speech in quotation marks.
Laura said, “You havent put those shelves up yet” “I havent had time / replied Trevor.
We normally use a comma to separate the direct speech from the rest of the sentence. The comma comes before the quotation mark.
Quotation marks are also called „quotes or „inverted commas.
Double quotation marks are sometimes used. Laura said, “You havent put those shelves up yet.”
We can put quotation marks around titles.
Do you watch that American comedy series called “Roseanne”? We often use quotation marks when we mention a word or phrase.
What does „punctuation mean? Rap music is also called „hip hop.
G Hyphen (-)
We sometimes use hyphens in these structures.
Compound noun: eating ice-cream
Compound expression before a noun: an oven-ready meal
Noun formed from a phrasel verb: ready for take-off
Noun + ing form: interested in rock-climbing
Before the last word of a compound number: a hundred and twenty-six people
After some prefixes: anti-aircraft guns
The rules about hyphens are not very exact. For example, you may see a compound noun written as phonecard, phone-card or phone card. Hyphens are not very frequent in British English, and they are used even less in American English. If you are unsure, it is usually safer to write two separate words.
Apostrophe („) Look at these examples.
Today were going for a drive in the country. Everyone is looking at Nicks car. We use an apostrophe („) in short forms, when there is a missing letter, e.g. were (=we are). We also use an apostrophe with s to form the possessive of a noun, e.g. Nicks car.
Capital letters
There are two capital letters (big letters) in this sentence.
The boss said I could leave early.
We use a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence and for the word I.
We also use a capital letter to begin the names of people, places, companies, etc.
Mark and Sarah New Orleans the High Street Somerset
House General Motors
This includes the names of books, films, magazines, etc. Al the important words start with a capital letter.
The Spy Loved Me Four Weddings and a Funeral Newsweek
We also use a capital letter fir days of the week, month of the year, holidays and festivals, historical times, nationalities and most abbreviations.
Monday, August Easter the New Year the Industrial revolution some Italian wine the UN (=the United Nations)

APPENDIX – 3 The Difference between British and American English - Британия ж‰не Америка аCылшын тілдерініS айырмашылыCы
A Present Perfect and Past
Simple
The British use the Present Perfect for recent actions, and especially with just, already and yet.
Bob has washed the dishes, look.

Weve already eaten our lunch.

Ive just seen Elaine.

Have you corrected your work yet?



The British normally use the Present Perfect with ever and never, not the Past Simple.

Have you ever played cricket?

The child has never seen snow before.

Shall
The British use will for the future, but they can also use shall in the first person.


American can use either the Present Perfect or the Past Simple in these sentences.

Bob has washed the dishes, look.
or Bob washed the dishes, look. Weve already eaten our lunch. or Weve already ate our lunch.
Ive just seen Elaine. or I just saw Elaine.
Have you corrected your work yet?
or Did you correct your work yet?

Americans normally use the Past Simple with ever and never, but the Present Perfect is possible.
Did you ever play baseball?
Have you ever played cricket? The child never saw snow before.
The child has never seen snow before.


Americans do not normally use shall for the future.



I will / shall be here tomorrow. We will / We shall contact you. The British use shall to make an offer.
Shall I make the coffee?
The British can use Shall we?
For a suggestion.
Shall we go for a walk?
I will be here tomorrow. We will contact you. Americans normally use should.
Should I make the coffee? Americans do not normally use shall in suggestions.
How about a walk?
Would you like to take a walk?

B
The British do not use gotten.

Hes made a lot of money from his business activities.
Your driving has got better.

In the US, have gotten expression an action. Hes gotten / made a lot of money from his business activities.
Americans also use gotten meaning „become.
Your driving has gotten better.

C “The”
The British use „the with a musical instrument. I can play the piano.

The British say in hospital.
My sister is still in hospital.

Americans can leave out the.

I can play piano / play the piano.
Americans say in the hospital.
My sister is still in the hospital.

D Numbers
The British use and between hundred and the rest of the number.
Six hundred and twenty

Americans can leave out and.


Six hundred twenty or six hundred and twenty.

E Dates
BRITISH
23 June
„the twenty-third of June
„June the twenty-third
The British write
23.6.2012

AMERICAN
June 23
“June twenty-third”

Americans write
6.23.2012

F Prepositions in Bond Street
at the weekend, at weekends stay at home

on Fifth Avenue
on the weekend, on weekends stay home

a player in the team ten minutes past four twenty to seven write to me talk to someone meet someone
a player on the team ten minutes past / after four twenty to / of seven write me / write to me talk to / with someone meet with someone





IRREGULAR VERBS – Б`РЫС ЕТІСТІКТЕР

Infinitive
Past
Indefinite
Participle II
Participle I
Аудармасы

arise
arose
arisen
arising
пайда болу, шыCу

aware
awoke
awoke
awaring
ояту, ояну

be
was, were
been
being
болу

bear
bore
borne / born
boring
туу, туылу

beat
beat
beaten / beat
beating
Wру, соCу

become
became
become
becoming
болу

begin
began
begun
beginning
бастау

bend
bent
bent
bending
майыстыру

bind
bound
bound
binding
байлау

bite
bit
bitten
biting
тістеу

bleed
bled
bled
bleeding
Kансырау

blow
blew
blown
blowing
Uрлеу

break
broke
broken
breaking
сындыру

breed
bred
bred
breeding
шыCару

bring
brought
brought
bringing
‰келу

broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
broadcastin g
радио арKылы хабарлау

build
built
built
building
салу

burn
burned / burnt
burned burnt
burning
жаCу, жану

burst
burst
burst
bursting
жарылу

buy
bought
bought
buying
сату

cast
cast
cast
casting
лаKтыру

catch
caught
caught
catching
аулау, Wстау

choose
chose
chosen
choosing
таSдау

cling
clung
clung
clinging
жабысып Kалу

come
came
come
coming
келу

cost
cost
cost
costing
тWру баCа

creep
crept
crept
creeping
жорCалау

cut
cut
cut
cutting
кесу

deal
dealt
dealt
dealing
сату

dig
dug
dug
digging
Kазу

do
did
done
doing
жасау

draw
drew
drawn
drawing
сурет салу


dream
dreamed / dreamt
dreamed / dreamt
dreaming
тUс к‹ру, армандау

drink
drank
drunk
drinking
ішу

drive
drove
driven
driving
жUргізу

dwell
dwelt
dwelt
dwelling
тWру, тоKталу

eat
ate
eaten
eating
жеу

fall
fell
fallen
falling
KWлау

feed
fed
fed
feeding
тамаK беру

feel
felt
felt
feeling
сезу

fight
fought
fought
fighting
кUресу табу

find
found
found
finding
табу

fit
fit / fitted
fit / fitted
fitting
Uйлесу

flee
fled
fled
fleeing
Kашу, тасалау

fling
flung
flung
fling
лаKтыру

fly
flew
flown
flying
Wшу

forbid
forbade
forbidden
forbidding
тиым салу

forget
forgot
forgotten
forgetting
Wмыту

forgive
forgave
forgiven
forgiving
кешіру

freeze
froze
frozen
freezing
тоSазыту

get
got
gotten / got
getting
алу

give
gave
given
giving
беру

go
went
gone
going
бару

grind
ground
ground
grinding
уату

grow
grew
grown
growing
‹су

hang
hung
hung
hanging
асу, ілу

have
had
had
having
ие болу, бар болу

hear
heard
heard
hearing
есту

hide
hid
hidden
hiding
тыCу

hit
hit
hit
hitting
Wру, соCу

hold
held
held
holding
Wстау

hurt
hurt
hurt
hurting
жаралау

keep
kept
kept
keeping
саKтау

kneel
kneeled / knelt
kneeled / knelt
kneeling
тізерлеу

know
knew
known
knowing
білу

lay
laid
laid
laying
жаю

lead
led
led
leading
басKару

lean
leaned / learnt
leaned / learnt
leaning
сUйену


leap
leaped / leapt
leaped / leapt
leaping
секіру

learn
leaned / learnt
leaned / learnt
learning
Uйрену

leave
left
left
leaving
Kалдыру

lend
lent
lent
lending
Kарыз беру

let
let
let
letting
рWKсат беру

lie
lay
lain
lying
жату

light
lighted / lit
lighted / lit
lighting
жарыK беру

lose
lost
lost
losing
жоCалту

make
made
made
making
жасау

mean
meant
meant
meaning
маCына білдіру

meet
met
met
meeting
кездесу

mislay
mislaid
mislaid
misleading
тастау

mistake
mistook
mistaken
mistaking
Kателесу

pay
paid
paid
paying
т‹леу

put
put
put
putting
Kою

quit
quit
quit
quitting
кету, Kалдыру

read
read
read
reading
оKу

ride
rode
ridden
riding
атпен немесе к‹лікпен жUру

ring
rang
rung
ringing
шылдырлау

rise
rose
risen
rising
к‹терілу

run
run
run
running
жUгіру

say
said
said
saying
айту

saw
sawed
sawn
sawing
арамен кесу

see
saw
seen
seeing
к‹ру

seek
sought
sought
seeking
іздеу

sell
sold
sold
selling
сату

send
sent
sent
sending
жіберу

set
set
set
setting
орнату

shake
shook
shaken
shaking
сілку

shave
shaved
shaven
shaving
Kырыну

shed
shed
shed
shedding
т‹гу (Kан, к‹з жасын)

shine
shone
shone
shining
жылтырау

shoot
shot
shot
shooting
ату

show
showed
shown
showing
к‹рсету

shrink
shrank
shrunk
shrinking
тыржиту, KысKарту


shut
shut
shut
shutting
жабу

sing
sang
sung
singing
‰н айту

sink
sank
sunk
sinking
бату

sit
sat
sat
sitting
отыру

sleep
slept
slept
sleeping
WйыKтау

slide
slid
slid
sliding
сырCу

smell
smelled / smelt
smelled/smelt
smelling
иіскеу, иіс
шыCару

sow
sowed
sown
sowing
егу

speak
spoke
spoken
speaking
с‹йлеу

speed
sped / speeded
sped / speeded
speeding
асыCу

spell
spent
spent
spending
‰ріптеп айту

spend
spent
spent
spending
‹ткізу

spill
spilled / spilt
spilled / spilt
spilling
т‹гу

spin
span
spun
spinning
иіру

split
split
split
splitting
жару

spoil
spoiled / spoilt
spoiled / spoilt
spoiling
бWзылу

spread
spread
spread
spreading
тарау

spring
sprang / sprung
sprung
springing
секіру

stand
stood
stood
standing
тWру

steal
stole
stolen
stealing
Wрлау

stick
stuck
stuck
sticking
жабыстыру

sting
stung
stung
stinging
шаCу

strike
struck
struck
striking
соCу

strive
strove
striven
striving
тырысу

swear
swore
sworn
swearing
Wрсу, ант ету

sweep
swept
swept
sweeping
сыпыру

swell
swelled
swollen
swelling
ісіну

swim
swam
swum
swimming
жUзу

swing
swung
swung
swinging
шайKау

take
took
taken
taking
алу

teach
taught
taught
teaching
оKыту

tear
tore
torn
tearing
жWлу

tell
told
told
telling
айту

think
thought
thought
thinking
ойлау

throw
threw
thrown
throwing
лаKтыру

tread
trod
trodden
treading
жUру, аяK басу

understan d
understood
understood
understandi ng
тUсіну

wake
woke / waked
woken / waked
waking
ояну

wear
wore
worn
wearing
кию

weep
wept
wept
weeping
жылау

win
won
won
winning
жеSу, Wту

wind
wound
wound
winding
бWрау, ‹рлеу

write
wrote
written
writing
жазу



























JОЛДАНЫЛBАН €ДЕБИЕТТЕР:

БаданбекKызы З.Р. English grammar in tables. Almaty 1998
Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А. Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А. АCылшын тілініS оKулыCы. 1 б‹лім
Васильев В.А. ж‰не басKалар. АCылшын тілініS фонетикасы. Ленинград, 1980.
Голицинский Ю.Б. Грамматика. ЖаттыCулар жиниCы. Санкт-Петербург.
Исаева М.К Исева М.К АCылшын тілініS фонетикасы.
Алматы., 2007
Качалова К.Н. АCылшын тілініS граматикасы. «Внешторгиздат», 1964.
КеSесбаева T.А.. АCылшын халKыныS маKал-м‰телдері.
Алматы 2004
ШЫR КІТАП. АCылшын тілі. тест жинаKтары. Алматы 2009.
Ahmetova S.G., Tursunbaeva English-Kazarh dictionary. Almaty 2004.
Broukal Milada. TOEFUL Test Assistant М‰скеу, Астрель * Аст 2004
Dubrovin I.M. Situational Grammar. / P. II. M., 1974.
Grammar Express. For Self-study and Classroom Use.
Longman, 2000.
English Grammar in Use / Cambridge
Oxford Practice Grammar. Oxford University Press 2009
Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford University Press.
Shershneva T.Y. Digest of Theoretical English Grammar. Almay 2001.













МАЗМ`НЫ:

UNIT І .....3 THE NOUN – ЗАТ ЕСІМ .......3 Зат есімніS тUрлері .........3
Зат есімніS классификациясы4
Зат есімдердіS к‹пше тUрініS жасалуы ....4 The Case Зат есімніS т‰уелдік жалCаулары ......7 Exercises .............9
The article – артикль..11
The zero article артикльдердіS Kолданылмайтын кездері ........14
Exercises .........16
Testyourself .20 UNIT ІІ...24
THE PRONOUN – ЕСІМДІК ...24
Personal pronouns .24
Possessive pronouns. Т‰уелдік есімдіктері ....25
Demonstrative pronouns. Сілтеу есімдіктері .25
Interrogative pronouns СWрау есімдіктері 26
Self-pronouns (Reflexive pronouns) Љздік есімдіктері 26 Many ж‰не Much есімдіктері ...28
All ж‰не Both есімдіктері .29
Either ж‰не Neither есімдіктері ........30
Each (‰рKайсысы) ж‰не Every (‰рбір) есімдіктері .31
Exercises ......................................................................................32 Testyourself........................................................................................36
UNIT ІІІ .40
THE ADJECTIVE - СЫН ЕСІМ ......................................................40
Сын есімніS тUрлері .........................................................................40
The degree of comparison Сын есімніS шырайлары .......................40
Сын есімдердіS шырайларыныS жасалу жолдары....................... .41
THE ADVERB – TСТЕУ..................................................................42
The degree of comparison TстеулердіS шырайлары .......................43
Exercises.........................................................................................44 Testyourself........................................................................................47
UNIT IV.50
THE NUMERAL - САН ЕСІМ ...........50 1.1. Есептік сан есімдер ...50
1.2 Реттік сан есімдер...50
1.3 АCылшын тіліндегі даталар ...51
1.4 Fractional numbers – Б‹лшектік сан есімдер.........51
1.5 Telling the time ....51
1.6 Money ......52
1.7 Telephone numbers ......52
Exercises.............................................................................................53
Testyourself.........................................................................................54
UNIT V...58 THE VERB – ЕТІСТІК......................................................................58
THE PRESENT SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE ...........................59
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE............62
THE PAST SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE ...................................65
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE ..................66
Exercises. .......................................................................................67 Testyourself........................................................................................70
UNIT VI.....75
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ..................................................75
THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ....................................77
THE PAST PERFECT .......................................................................79 THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ............................................80
Exercises..........................................................................................81 Testyourself.........................................................................................85
UNIT VII89
THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE ...............................................89
FUTURE CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE .....................91
THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ....................................................92
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ..................................93
FUTURE IN THE PAST ....................................................................94
Exercises. .......................................................................................96 Testyourself........................................................................................99
UNIT VIII.....103
MODAL VERBS .............................................................................103
CAN (COULD) ................................................................................104
MAY (MIGHT) ................................................................................105
MUST ...............................................................................................106
HAVE TO модальді етістігі ..........................................................107
SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER модальді етістігі ...........108
Exercises. .....................................................................................109
Testyourself.......................................................................................112 UNIT ІХ...116
VOICE - ЕТІС ................................................................................116
Exercises....................................................................................119 Testyourself.......................................................................................121
UNIT Х ....125
DIRECT AND INDIRECT „REPORTED SPEECH Т‹л с‹з бен
т‹леу с‹з ..........................................................................................125 Reported questions ...........................................................................126
Changing Imperative sentences and Interrogative sentence from Direct into Indirect Speech БWйрыKты с‹йлем ж‰не сWраулы с‹йлемде т‹л с‹здіS т‹л с‹зге ‹згеруі..................................................................127
Т‹л с‹здіS т‹леу с‹зге айналуында сілтеу есімдіктерініS шаCы
мен орныныS ‹згеру ережесі. .......................................................128 Exercises.. ...................................................................................129 Testyourself......................................................................................131
UNIT ХІ...135
NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERBS ЖаKсыз етістіктер.....135
THE GERUND – ГЕРУНДИЙ .......................................................136
Exercises. .....................................................................................141
Testyourself......................................................................................144
PARTICIPLE – ЕСІМШЕ (-ING AND –ED FORMS)...................148
ЕсімшеніS Kолданылуы ..................................................................148
ЖаттыCулар ....................................................................................153
Testyourself.......................................................................................154
INFINITIVE – ИНФИНИТИВ .......................................................157
The Objective Infinitive construction Complex object ....................162
Exercises .........................................................................................164
Testyourself.......................................................................................166
UNIT ХІІ..169
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – ШАРТТЫ СЉЙЛЕМДЕР.169
First conditional ................................................................................169
Second conditional............................................................................169
Third Conditional (unreal past situations) ........................................170
Mixed Conditional Аралас шартты с‹йлем ...................................170
Exercises. .....................................................................................172
Testyourself.......................................................................................174
UNIT ХІІІ176
CONSTRUCTIONS – КОНСТРУКЦИЯЛАР ...............................176
Exercises ........................................................................................ .178 Testyourself.......................................................................................180
UNIT ІVХ183
THE SYNTAX – СИНТАКСИС ....................................................183
General questions (Yes/No questions) – Жалпы сWраK...................183
Special questions (WH – questions) – Арнайы сWраK ....................184
Disjunctive Questions (Tag questions)- АныKтаушы сWраK ...........185
Alternative question – Балама сWраK ...............................................186
Imperative sentences - БWйрыKты с‹йлем ......................................186
UNIT ХV..187
WORD ORDER – СЉЗ Т€РТІБІ ....................................................187
Жай с‹йлемніS с‹з т‰ртібі .....................187
Exercises ..........................................................................................191
Testyourself......................................................................................193
UNIT ХVІ ...196
WORD BUILDING – СЉЗ ЖАСАМ..............................................196
Jарама-Kарсы маCына беретін префикстер ..................................198
Exercises. .....................201
Testyourself ..................................202
UNIT ХVІІ...205
PREPOSITIONS – ДЕМЕУЛІКТЕР...205
€ртUрлі демеуліктермен Kолдынылатын тWраKты с‹з тіркес..208
Exercises. .212
Testyourself .214
UNIT ХVІІІ.217
THE LEXICOLOGY – ЛЕКСИКА .......217
ФразалыK етістіктер.............................................................. .217
Жиі Kолданылатын фразалыK етістіктер ..............217 Proverbs – МаKал м‰телдер ........218
Exercises ..................220
Testyourself ......222
UNIT ХІХ226
SPELLING PROBLEMS – ОРФОГРАФИЯ..................................226
Exercises.. ............228
Testyourself ..229
APPENDIX – І ................................................................................231
APPENDIX – ІІ PUNCTUATION – ПУНКТУАЦИЯ ..237
APPENDIX – ІІІ .............................................................................240 The Difference between British and American English-Британия
ж‰не Америка аCылшын тілдерініS айырмашылыCы
...........................................................................................................243
VERBS – БVРЫС ЕТІСТІКТЕР ...243
JОЛДАНЫЛBАН €ДЕБИЕТТЕР .................................................248


К™лемі 15,8 б.т. Таралымы 500 дана. Офсет KаCазы.
Тапсырыс № 115












EXERCISES
1. Write the plural of the following nouns:
Piano, shelf, army, potato, safe, wolf, cliff, wife, schoolboy, schoolchild, leaf, life, factory, knife, man, roof, photo, toy, tomato, class, room, copy, book, note, house, wife, news, paper, home, land, mother, country, student, typist, writer, pilot, doctor, officer, architect, actor, actress, painter, sailor, dentist, teacher, mechanic, locksmith, driver, composer, shop-assistant.

2. Rewrite in the plural:
1. This is a desk. 2. Thats a clock. 3. This is a lamp. 4. Where is the picture? 5. The picture is in the book. 6. The chair is in the room.
7. The map is on the table. 8. This is a pen. 9. That is a window. 10. The book is on the table. 11. The map is on the wall. 12. The blackboard is on the floor. 13. I have a picture on the wall. 14. My picture is not in the bag. 15. She has a pen and a pencil in the bag.


· 3. Put the following nouns in the plural form: 1. What is that childs name? 2. The cat has caught a mouse. 3. There was a lady, a gentleman, a boy and a girl in the room. 4. In the farm-yard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow and a goose. 5. Is this worker an Englishman or a German? – He is a Frenchman. 6. Why dont you eat this potato? 7. This strawberry is still green. 8. The withered leaf has fallen to the ground. 9. Can you see a bird in that tree? 10. Does your tooth still ache? 11. I held up my foot to the fire to warm it. 12. His child studies very well. 13. This man works at our office. 14. There is a new house in our street. 15. This story is very interesting. 16. I have hurt my foot. 17. The wolf has been shot.
18. He keeps his toy in a box. 19. Put this knife on that table.


· 5. Put the following nouns in the plural form:
1. This is a bird. 2. Is that also a bird? – No, it isnt. That is a cat. 3. Is that a good horse? – Yes, it is. 4. Is that a cow big or small? – It is big. 5. This is an apple and that is a flower. 6. Where is the coin? – It is in the box. 7. What colour is the box? – It is green. . 8. What is it made of? – It is made of wood. 9.What is that man? –He is a clerk. 10. Is he in the office? – Yes, he is. 11. Is that woman a typist? –No, she isnt.- What is she?- She is a doctor.12.Is his brother at home?Yes. he is. 13.This house has a balcony looking out on the street.
14. The architecture of this building is quite modern. 15. This is a new district of St. Petersburg. 16. There is a shop. A cinema and a theatre in the new district. 17. He is a retired worker. 18. I am a doctor. 19. We hear the sounds of a childs voice. 20. She is a nice girl.


· 6. Open the brackets put the nouns in the plural or in the singular forms:
I met some interesting _________ at the meeting. (man)
I need some ________ the light the fire. (match)
The baby got two new _______ . (tooth)
The farmer loaded his cart with _______ (box) of fresh vegetables to take to market. His cart was pulled by two _______ (ox)
Alex saw some _______ running across the floor. (mouse)
The north side of the island has no ____. There are only ________ steep. No one can climb these steep walls of rock. (beach, cliff).
If a houseplant is given too much water, its lower ________ turn yellow. (leaf)
Before Marie signed the contract, she talked to two ______ (attorney)
New scientific _ are made every day in __ throughout the world, (discovery, laboratory)
I caught several ________ in the lake (fish)
On our trip in the mountainous countryside, we saw some ________ , _________ , and wild _______ (wolf, fox, deer, sheep)
When we spoke in the cave, we could hear _________ of our voices. (echo)
The music building at the university has 27 __________ .
Students need to sign up for practice times. (piano)
Thunder and lightning are ________ of nature. (phenomenon)
People get most of their news about the word through the mass _________ , that is, through radio, television, the Internet, newspapers, and magazines. (medium)




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