Практический материал по подготовке к ЕГЭ по английскому языку (II вариант + ключи)

Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ (30 минут) Вариант 2
B1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего А-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.
1. Free university education should be offered only to a certain group of people.
2. It would be expensive for governments to give scholarships to many students.
3. Getting higher education free makes people irresponsible and lazy.
4. Free university education gives more chances for the right career choice.
5. Part of countries' budget should be given to pay for people's higher education.
6. You give more weight to university education if you pay much for it.
7. Fees paid by students for university education should be reasonable.
Вы услышите короткое интервью. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not Stated). Вы услышите запись дважды.
A1. Kevin's father started playing baseball the year Kevin was born.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2. The baseball season of 1971 was great.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A3. Kevin's family usually left New York when baseball season was over.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A4. The house Kevin's family rented was in a quiet and comfortable area.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5. Kevin used to spend a lot of time in the kitchen.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6. Grandma Stevenson was a good cook.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A7. Mrs. Stevenson gave Kevin a bath every day before putting him to bed.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A8. Most football matches Lois went to were memorable because of
1) the violent confrontations between rival fans. 2) the feeling of being part of the event.
3) overcrowded conditions in the stadiums.
A9. According to Lois, the best way to get a ticket for Premier league matches is to
1) pay extra at the booking office. 2) turn to an independent distributor. 3) book on the Internet well in advance.
A10. Lois put the blame for the defeat in the match between England and Portugal on
1) the referee. 2) David Beckham. 3) Portugal's forward.
A11. What does Lois think about David Beckham?
1) His talent of a football player is exaggerated. 2) He is a better footballer than a model.
3) He owes much of his popularity to his wife Victoria.
A12. In Ghana a lot of families encourage their boys to
1) build their football careers in premiership clubs abroad. 2) go abroad to study at football academies.
3) play for the national premier leagues in their own country.
A13. Why is Nana so concerned about the fate of young footballers in Ghana?
1) They are taken away from their homes and no one ever comes back.
2) Their parents don't know what happens to them when they are playing in big leagues.
3) Many young footballers have no chance to fully develop their abilities.
A14. Once Nana was a witness to violence at a football match where
1) hooligans surrounded the police and started fighting with them.
2) the police had to use special equipment to break up the fight.
3) the police managed to stop the fight using dogs and horses.
Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ (30 минут) Вариант 2
В2. Установите соответствие между темами A-H и текстами 1-7. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
A. Don't Ignore Warning Signs
B. Use Alternative Medicine
C. Staying in Shape is Important
D. Threat to Your Eyesight E. Turn a Bad Habit into a Good Idea
F. Fat People Are at Risk
G. Prevention Is Better Than Cure
H. Choose Proper Nutrition
1. There are numerous problems associated with obesity. It is not just a cosmetic problem but also a health hazard. Doctors generally agree that the more obese a person is, the more likely he or she is to have health problems. This is because obesity has been linked to several serious medical conditions. People who are overweight can gain significant health benefits from losing weight.
2. Hey, couch potato! Don't feel guilty indulging in serials or reality shows — use the commercials as an excuse to burn calories. There is probably an average of 15 minutes of commercials in an hour-long program. If you exercised through each commercial break during just two hours of TV, you'd already have met the recommended amount of daily exercise necessary to reduce health risks.
3. Regular checkups are a valuable tool in maintaining good health. Taking proper care of your health at the right time can help avoid a lot of problems in the future. The main aim of a checkup is to detect illness at an early stage. It's good to find out that you have a health problem before it is too late so appropriate tests should be done at the right time.
4. Do you mainly exercise for a few weeks in January before you forget your New Year's resolution, and then again when you realise your summer holiday is around the corner? You'd not be alone, but keeping fit is something you should do all year round. You might not be particularly bothered about your appearance or your weight, but keeping fit is as much about what's on the inside as it is what's on the outside.
5. Pain is our body's means to indicate that something is wrong and requires immediate attention. Pain for a short time can be taken care of by a painkiller but if the soreness is lingering for too long, then it requires proper medical expertise. Sometimes life menacing problems have back pain and joint pain as symptoms and can, if neglected, do permanent damage.
6. Think about your car — the higher the grade of the fuel you put in it, the better it runs. Your body works the same way. If you eat healthy foods, you'll be healthier and feel better. Eating well is easy if you're aware of what foods are best for you. But don't worry! Eating healthy food doesn't mean eliminating every single thing you love from your diet.
7. Do you spend more than 3 hours a day working or maybe playing on a computer? If so, you are at a higher risk than casual computer users. Researchers warn that watching a computer screen for six or more hours a day might be linked to a progressive eye disease. This does not mean, however, that people who work on a computer for less than 3 hours a day will not suffer eye complications due to computer use.
B3. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A-G. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя.
To design spacesuits, vehicles and habitats with enough shielding to keep astronauts safe, scientists need to know 1________. They can estimate this radiation dose using computer models, but a computer model and real-life can be two wildly different things. Until now, researchers weren't sure 2_________.
That's where the Phantom Torso comes in. He's an armless, legless, human-shaped mannequin 3________. Scientists call him Matroshka, and like his NASA counterpart Fred, this mannequin is an intrepid space traveller.
Matroshka's plastic body is loaded with over 400 dosimeter sensors 4_______. The sensors are placed in the location of vital human organs. All the data collected is being used by scientists to verify the accuracy of computer models used to predict the safety of space missions for human astronauts.
The Phantom Torso has become a regular sight on the International Space Station over the last four months but now the limbless mummy-like humanoid is back home again. The Phantom Torso has provided the real-world test needed to prove 5________. They're accurate to within ten percent of the measured dose. That means these models can be used to plan NASA's return to the Moon or even a trip to Mars.
Lessons learned from Fred and Matroshka have major implications for NASA's plans to set up a manned outpost on the Moon and eventually to send people to Mars. Protecting astronauts from the harmful effects of space radiation will be a critical challenge for these extended missions.
Now that the Phantom Torso has spent four months on the International Space Station, scientists are learning about the space radiation 6________. The results obtained from this experiment could help in the development of countermeasures to the effect of cosmic radiation experienced by astronauts.
A. that Matroshka endured
B. how much radiation astronauts actually absorb
C. which collect data from galactic cosmic rays and other radiation sources in space D. whether their models accurately predicted the radiation dose astronauts experience in space
E. that looks like he's wrapped in a mummy's bandages
F. what to do with him
G. that the models used by scientists are essentially correct
Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15—А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
The new teacher arrived in the town with a belief in the educational benefits of paper folding: she had written a pamphlet for other educators entitled 'The Place of Origami in the Classroom'. One afternoon a week she taught her pupils basic designs and demonstrated more complex constructions. What really added fuel to their spark of interest was her collection of animals, birds and abstract shapes, built up over many years and kept in a specially constructed display cabinet mounted beside the coat hangers. Once the children had mastered the fundamental models and folds, inspired by the treasures from Japan, India and an unpronounceable place, they began to evolve designs and styles of their own.
In no time an origami craze engulfed the town. Extra supplies of multi-coloured and textured sheets of square papers were ordered through the local shop. The children also used paper they found in their own homes—shopping lists, music sheets, bills, receipts, old calendars, love letters, cigarette cards, seed catalogues. The fad seeped out into other aspects of town life. Just one example: the forge fashioned square frames that could sit inside a frying pan or on a griddle. This created a perfect receptacle for pouring batter. Skilled children would then fold the square pancake into a variety of shapes to be filled with fruit and cream.
Mrs. Deere, mother of Daniel, the most talented of the children in this speciality, introduced the origami pancake onto the local fountain card circuit. Fountain cards was a game requiring steady hands, a sense of proportion and three decks of cards with the sevens and jacks stripped. This game had all but completely died out, perhaps due to the arrival of a knife factory in the town and its detrimental impact on the manual dexterity of the population. Mrs. Deere was not a skilled fountain card player but Daniel's creations, shaped like flowers and towers with sweet and savoury centres added an extra dimension to her Thursday night game. As Mrs. Peyton said, washing down a pancake swan with some mint tea, 'God spent a long day dreaming up talents of an inconsequential and frivolous nature to distribute to those who missed the main go-around.'
All this would have passed, perhaps not even lasted as a memory, all these frivolous and inconsequential goings-on, but for an incident involving a boy named Bishop who lived some distance outside the town, formerly a miniaturist and now the only known paper vanisher.
Constructionists and miniaturists: a split in the ranks of origami makers. For the miniaturist the challenge existed in the realm of creating something tiny and perfect, a design fit for a pencil, a match or a knitting needle. Apparently an eight-year-old girl was on the edge of a breakthrough, folding a bee's wing into her signature frog to fit on the head of a pin. For the constructionists a different challenge existed —designing larger and more complex structures and using in some cases non-paper materials. It was acknowledged that the Peytons' daughter, Casen, was head and shoulders above all others. She was perhaps the only one with the vision and skills to reunite the two schools, but was blighted by her parents' ambition for her in the realm-of tapestry weaving, a proud family tradition.
Left to his own devices on a Saturday afternoon, Bishop had run out of craft paper and wished to practise a sleeping cat design. Having exhausted all other supplies in the house, he picked out an old letter that was on top of photographs and-documents kept in a shoebox in his mother’s wardrobe, took it to his room and began folding. If all had gone to plan, he would have replaced the paper and his mother would be none the wiser. Absently, whilst warming up his fingers he folded the paper in half eight times, the maximum number of folds a square of paper could take, irrespective of size. He squeezed the tiny paper one more time, willing it to halve again and the impossible happened. The paper completely disappeared from between his thumb and first finger. It folded into nothing.
(Adapted from 'A Paper Heart Is Beating, A Paper Boat Sets Sail' by Kathleen Murray)
A15. The new teacher intended
1) to get benefits from paper folding. 3) to make origami more popular with children.
2) to use paper folding for educating children. 4) to teach educators to use origami in the classroom.
A16. The new teacher kept her collection of animals, birds and abstract shapes in
1) a wardrobe. 3) a specially equipped room.
2) a special box placed beside the coat hangers. 4) a special piece of furniture.
A17. In paragraph 2 'engulfed' means
1) got over 2) held over 3) turned over 4) took over
A18. Fountain cards game was almost forgotten because
1) the popularity of the knife factory among the population had increased.
2) the knife factory had had a positive impact on manual skills.
3) the manual skills of the population had worsened owing to the knife factory.
4) other activities had appeared after the arrival of a knife factory in the town.
A19. Casen could have reunited the two schools unless
1) her parents had prevented her from doing this.
2) she had wanted to follow the family tradition in tapestry weaving.
3) she had been head and shoulders above all others.
4) she had had the vision and skills.
A20. Bishop had to use an old letter for his new design because
1) it was easy to find. 3) of a total lack of paper.
2) he was exhausted by looking for other supplies in the house. 4) no other craft paper suited for his sleeping cat design.
A21. The paper completely disappeared because
1) it was too old for origami. 3) Bishop had folded the paper in half eight times.
2) Bishop was inattentive. 4) it was Bishop's plan.
Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА (40 минут) Вариант 2
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, обозначенные номерами В4—В10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию.
Traffic Problems
In January 2003, the Congestion Charge B4_____ INTRODUCE in London to help solve the city's traffic problems.
However, London's motorists still have traffic problems, B5_____ CRAWL through the city's streets. London is just as congested with cars as it was before the introduction of the traffic charging scheme.
'Without the Congestion Charge the traffic problems in London would be much B6_____ BAD now,' said the TfL's Managing Director.
'It already B7 ___ PROVE successful in cutting traffic coming into London.’
However, on its own, the traffic charging scheme B8_____ NOT RESOLVE the problem of congestion in the city. London streets remain clogged by road works and other measures designed to help pedestrians, buses and cyclists.
Mayor of London Boris Johnson says he now B9______ WORK with TfL on a 'comprehensive approach' to ease the congestion problem.
He believes that the government soon B10 ____ IMPOSE new measures to eliminate traffic congestion.
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, обозначенные номерами В11—В16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11—В16.
Television Viewing
Television viewing has always been the main leisure activity for American teenagers. According to the B11____ FIND of a Nielsen study, US teens spend more time watching television than on the computer.
The study found that teenagers were more engaged than B12 _____ POPULAR believed with traditional media such as live television, radio and newspapers.
The amount of television watched by the B13_______ TYPE American teenager has increased by six percent over the past five years, which is rather alarming.
Television is a passive 'non-activity', which often detracts from B14___ PERSONAL and community-oriented activities.
Time in front of the television cuts into family time and is a leading cause of B15_______ OBESE in both adults and children.
Excessive TV use leads to a more sedentary lifestyle which is B16_______ HEALTH for all of us, both mentally and physically.
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22—А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов.
Waiting for Dad
Jake was walking home from school. It was a sunny autumn day. He'd usually stamp on the A22 _____ of leaves on the footpath to hear them crunch under his shoes. But today he ignored them. He was busy planning his project.
He was used to being home alone. That was because, three years ago, his dad had decided to go back to university, which meant his mum had had to go back to working A23 _____. She did a lot of evening shifts because the money was better.
Jake walked up the stairs onto the veranda and stuck his hand in his pocket for the key but it wasn't there! Frantically, he tried the front door, knowing it would be locked, then turned around and hurried back up the footpath to see if he could find his key. He walked up the road for two blocks, A24 _____ the pavement.
It was no A25 ____ looking for it; he could have dropped it anywhere. He turned around and went home. He checked his watch. It was four o'clock and his dad would be back by seven. Jake supposed he could read the book he'd borrowed A26___ the school library for his project. The book was really good with wonderful photos of soldiers.
An hour later he finished the book and felt like having a A27____but it didn't feel right to sleep with nothing over you. So he covered his chest with the foot mat and the book was his pillow. When he woke up, the Miller sisters were standing over him, staring.
'Why are you lying on the veranda with a foot mat over you?' said Adele.
'It's A28______ of your business,' Jake thought.
A22 1) piles 2) bundles 3) sacks 4) flocks
A23 1) long-time 2) half-time 3) full-time 4) peak-time
A24 1) staring 2) skimming 3) scanning 4) looking
A25 1) point 2) use 3) reason 4) aim
A26 1) of 2) at 3) from 4) in
A27 1) nap 2) dream 3) relax 4) snack
A28 1) nothing 2) not 3) neither 4) none
Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО (80 минут) Вариант 2
C1. You have 20 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend who writes:
It's a really brave step to take a year out of college to come and spend 6 months in the UK! What are you planning to do with your time? Find a job? Learn some new skills? Write back and give me more details of your plans so I can do my best to help you have a good time...
I've got to go now! It's time for my favourite TV show. Keep in touch!
Lots of love,
ChemmyWrite a letter to Chemmy. In your letter answer her questions and tell her about your plans, ask 3 questions about her favourite TV shows. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
C2. You have 60 minutes to do this task. Comment on the following statement.
Some teenagers would like to have a highly paid job; others believe that their future job should be interesting and bring satisfaction. And what about you? What is the most important thing for you in your future occupation?
Write 200 — 250 words. Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem)
- express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
- express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
- explain why you don't agree with the opposing opinion
- make a conclusion restating your position

Вариант 1
B1 – 347651
A1-A7 – 2312133, A8-A14 – 2221132
B2 – CAEHFBG
B3 - GBFCED
A15-A21 – 3142334
A22-A28 – 4232143
B4-B16 – easiest, took, do not have, are trying, are written, has ever had, will not get, interact, availability, infinite, unbelievable, particularly, addiction
Вариант 2
B1 – 347651
A1-A7 – 2312133, A8-A14 – 2221132
B2 – FEGCAHD
B3 – BDECGA
A15-21 – 2443132, A22-28 - 1332314
B4-B16 was introduced, crawling, worse, has proved, does not resolve, is now working, will soon impose, findings, popularly, typical, interpersonal, obesity, unhealthy
Вариант 3
B1 – 347651
A1-A7 – 2312133, A8-A14 – 2221132
B2 – GECBFAD, B3 – EDFCAG
A15-21 – 3214423
A22-A28 – 3213432
B4 – 16 - people, was offered, did not want, are you thinking, was explaining, had had, sitting, defensible, practically, international, attractions, cultural, historic
Вариант 4
B1 – 347651
A1-A7 – 2312133, A8-A14 – 2221132
B2 - 5621843
B3 - 524731
A15-A21 - 2331121
B4-16 - Better, had saved, were, said, was sleeping, left, is, powerful, magnificent, administrators, education, adequately, spacious
A22-28 – 2343134