презентация по английскому языку на тему British and American Scientists.

British and American scientists.“Science is organized knowledge.”Создана: Свечкаревой Л. В., учителем МОУ Туриловской СОШ, Ростовская область. Rodger Bacon.At the end of the 12th century, great philosopher Rodger Bacon put the beginning of natural science (Mathematics, astronomy). He criticized theology and spent 14 years in prison. Isaac Newton (1643 – 1727).One of the greatest scientists, discovered the method of calculus. His second major work was the discovery of the law of gravitation.Then came the formulation of Newton’s three laws of motion, the analysis by experiment of white light and the nature of colours, and research on a new type of telescope. William Herschel (1738 – 1822).An astronomer, became expert in grinding lenses and built the largest telescope then known. In 1781 he discovered the planet Uranus, the first such discovery since prehistoric times.His other discoveries include binary stars, two new satellites of Saturn and infra – red rays from the Sun. George Stephenson (1781 – 1848)Inventor and founder of railways.The railway was opened on September 27, 1825, and the first public passenger train in the world was drawn by Stephenson’s “Active”, later renamed “Locomotive”. Michael Faraday (1791 – 1867)A physicist and chemist. In 1825 he discovered benzene.He discovered the connection between electricity and magnetism.He used induction to produce the first electrical generator and the first transformer.He also discovered the laws that control the process of electrolysis. Samuel F. B. Morse (1791 – 1872).The inventor of the telegraph.Morse worked out his famous alphabet or code of dots and dashes. This alphabet is still used in telegraph systems today. Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882)An outstanding naturalist.In 1859 he published his great work “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.” Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937)The great pioneer of nuclear physics, made fundamental discoveries concerning the nature of radioactivity.He distinguished between the two types of radiation, which he named alpha and beta rays. In 1919 he was the first to split the atom by natural means. (the nucleus). Joseph Lister (1827 – 1912).An English surgeon.He was the founder of antiseptic surgery.He was the first to discover the reasons for infection and the way to prevent it.The best monument to Joseph Lister is the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine in London. Alexander Fleming ( 1881 – 1955).He discovered a liquid mould culture, which he named penicillin. It prevented growth of staphylococci.He is known as the “father of antibiotics”. Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1922)His father was a world – famous teacher of speech for deaf and the inventor of “ Visible Speech”. Graham worked at improving it.In 1876 he invented the telephone.In 1915, the first transcontinental telephone was opened. Thomas Alva Edison (1847 – 1931).His many successful inventions are well – known.Among them are phonograph, the incandescent bulb, moving pictures.Without his work the telegraph and telephone might have remained unknown. Igor Ivanovich Sikorskiy (1890 – 1972)He built his first planes in 1910, when he was a student at the Kiev Polytechnical Institute.In spring, 1913, the first 4 – engines plane – giant “Russian Vityaz” appeared/ Then came “Ilya Murometz”.In 1918, he went to the USA. In 1923 he and his friends organized a company producing planes.In 1938, Sikorskiy began building helicopters.In December 1941, the first working helicopter “XR -4” appeared. Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)He is known all over the world as a brilliant theoretical scientist of the 20th century.Some of his ideas made possible the atomic bomb as well as television.After 10 years of hard work he created his General Theory of Relativity.In 1921 Einstein received the Nobel Prize for Physics. Charles Babbage.The early history of the computer can be traced to Charles Babbage, an English inventor who designed an “analytical machine” that theoretically could do some of the things a modern computer does. However, it was never built. Had it been, it would have covered an area equal to a football field and required the power of five steam engines. Herman Hollerith.The American inventor patented a calculating machine in 1889.His machine, which relied on punch cards, was used to compute census data.Index cards were used for many data – sorting operations into the 1960s. Grace Hopper (1906 – 1992)An American scientist, Rear Admiral of the USA Fleet, Grace Hopper received credit for creating the first compiler in 1952. hopper helped to develop two computer languages and to make computers attractive to business. Paul Anthony Samuelson (1915 -1992)An American scientist, a Nobel Prize Winner in Economics.In 1947, he wrote “Foundations of Economic Analysis” in which he used the language of mathematics to explain the world of economics.In 1948 he published “Economics” which is considered to be the most important economical text of our time. Thank you for your attention.