Проектная работа Степени сравнения имен прилагательных в английском языке

COMPARISON DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES подготовили: Д.Пантаков, ученики 8А класса Руководитель: Шутова Н.М.учитель английского языкапервой категорииМОУ «СОШ №20»2015 PERIODS OF LANGUAGE HISTORY OLD ENGLISH 450-1066 MIDDLE ENGLISH 1066-1485 NEW ENGLISH 1485 - today Formation of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms Christianization Conflicts with Scandinavian Vikings Norman invasions Simplification of language morphological structure Renaissance epoch William Shakespeare Establishment of absolute monarchy Developed system of parts of speech Adjective had grammatical agreement with nouns, declension and degrees of comparison Disappearance of all adjective case endings. DEGREES OF COMPARISON OLD ENGLISH 450-1066 MIDDLE ENGLISH 1066-1485 Earm-earmra-earmost (бедный)Lonз-lenзra-lenзest (длинный)Eald-ieldra-ieldest (старший) PositiveComparative –RASuperlative –EST, OST PositiveComparative –RE-ERE-ERSuperlative –EST Glad-gladder(instead of ra)-gladdest(ost disappear) SUPPLETIVE AND ANALYTICAL FORMS SUPPLETIVE FORMS – A GROUP OF ADJECTIVES, COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF WHICH HAVE DIFFERENT ROOTS ХорошийЗлой, плохойБольшоймаленький betst wierest mest lest betera wiersa mara lessa зodyfelmycellytel Meaning Superlative Comparative Positive Old English period Middle English period best werst meast, moost least, leest bett(e)re werse more lasse good yvel, evel muchel, much litel Superlative degree Comparative degree Positive degree ANALITICAL FORMS (14-15TH CENTURIES) – COMPARATIVE DEGREE IS FORMED WITH THE HELP OF “MORE”, SUPPERLATIVE DEGREE IS FORMED WITH “THE MOST” NEW ENGLISH PERIOD / DEGREES OF COMPARISON Positive degree means an adjective in its usual form that describes subjects or objects. This man is tall. Christina is beautiful. Rare cars are expensive. Her hair is long. Comparative degree is used to compare two objects Peter is taller than Patrick. Diamonds are more expensive than rare cars. Angelina is more beautiful than Christina. Her hair is longer than yours. This man is the tallest of all them. Diamonds are the most expensive gems. Angelina is the most beautiful girl in the city. She has the longest hair in her class. Superlative degree is used to emphasize the most expressed characteristics NEW ENGLISH PERIOD / MEANS OF FORMATION SYNTHETIC 1. One-syllable adjectives:new – newer – (the) newestsmart – smarter – (the) smartest2. two-syllable adjectives with endings – -y, -er, -le, -ow:pretty – prettier – (the) prettiestclever – cleverer – (the) cleverestsimple – simpler – (the) simplestnarrow – narrower – (the) narrowest SPELLING RULES brave – braver – (the) bravest big – bigger – (the) biggest funny – funnier – (the) funniest BUT shy – shyer – (the) shyest ANALYTICAL cheerful – more cheerful – (the) most cheerful, difficult – more difficult – (the) most difficult 1. Polysyllabic words: Synthetic as well as analytical:сlever - cleverer / more clever - (the) cleverest / most cleversimple – simpler / more simple – (the) simplest / most simplest SUPPLETIVE Certain adjectives:good – better – the bestbad – worse – the worstlittle – less – the leastmany/much – more – the mostfar – farther/further – farthest/furthest Farther/farthest – when we talk about physical distance.I live farther from school than Pete.further – furthest has wider meaningYou can find further information over there.elder – eldest means seniority in a family:My elder sister lives in Sochi.older – oldest means ageThis is the oldest building in our city. 2. Complex adjectivesLight-minded – more light-minded – (the) most light-minded