Исследование на тему Файв о клок и русское чаепитие

РЕСПУБЛИКА БАШКОРТОСТАН
Муниципальное Бюджетное Общеобразовательное Учреждение
«Средняя Общеобразовательная Школа № 2 с. Шаран»
Сила традиции: 5 o' clock и русское чаепитие

Выполнила: Габидуллина Алия Разифовна, 8 класс
Научный руководитель: Харунова Лилия РашитовнаШаран, 2016
THE REPUBLIK OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Municipal state funded educational institution
«Secondary comprehensive school № 2 c. Sharan»
THE ESSAY
The power of tradition: English «Five - o' clock tea» and Russian tea ceremonies

Was written by an eighth grader Gabdullina Aliya Razifovna
Scientific adviser Kharunova
Liliya RashitovnaSharan 2016
Culture, way of life and tea-drinking ceremonies in the history of Russian and British people.
Comparison, common and distinctive features in Russian and British tea-drinking traditions.
The term «five o’clock» interpretation.
The five o’clock and Russian tea ceremony origin.
The five o’clock rules and the essence of an English aristocratic society conversation.
Tea ceremony peculiarities: invitation procedure, table manners, tableware and treating.
The description of samovar and bul’otka in Russian tea.
Multinational Russian tea ceremony subcultures and their peculiarities.
Russian and British tea-drinking ceremony bygone traditions.
Summing up.
Appendix.
I enjoy drinking tea with lemon very much, while my mum likes tea with milk. I close my eyes and imagine. The Russian tea is expected to involve a samovar and a landowner's wife drinking tea from a saucer. Whereas in the English tea-drinking tradition one could find aristocrats in dinner jackets with a cup of tea in their hands disposed to talk about important deals. Let’s try to clarify why English tea is so peculiar? What is the five o’clock tradition?
One has to bear in his mind that English tea ceremony is a centuries - old tradition. It appeared in the 19th century during the reign of Ann VII, the duchess of Bedford who invented a pleasant way to spend time with a cup of tea waiting for dinner. Therefore, five o’clock- is a tea time that comes after lunch.
However English white tea is found to be rather controversial as soon as there is always certain discrepancy what should go first: the brew or the milk? As I could notice, when the brew is poured first and then you add some milk, you can only feel the taste of brew. If you change the process, the tea acquires the taste of milk, and becomes much softer. But it’s a matter of taste after all. Englishmen name tea with lemon Russian tea.
I would also like to mention that five o’clock a whole set of rules in tea ceremony. For example, you can drink tea without mixing it with other sorts of tea. It’s the mistress’s duty to pour out tea, while the gentleman is expected to give out the cups and treating.
On no account one should ignore the conversation which is a key component in English tea-drinking ceremony. During the tea ceremony the mistress has to follow the conversation theme and change it in case something goes wrong. Whereupon the participants of tea-drinking ceremony are not permitted to speak about certain persons. You should speak about those events which are interesting, known and comprehensible for other guests. The special attention is paid to timber and speech habits. A rude, sharp and loud voice was considered ill-mannered as it was peculiar for common people.
«The tea visit was a test measure for a young men and women so called rehearsal before they could appear in society in Britain, » says Malkova Yu.L. Thus, the young people had an opportunity to be introduced to more respected people as well as to learn how to talk in a high society and present themselves. Young women didn’t join the conversation before they got a senior’s permission [3, 73].
Another important thing about the ceremony is the way you hold a cup. One is expected to hold a cup with three fingers of the hand: a thumb, a fore and a middle finger. The tips of the thumb and the forefinger hold the top part of the cup while the middle finger is it, and both the little and the wedding ring fingers are pressed to the middle of the palm. I tried to hold a cup in this way and felt that it was very uncomfortable, maybe because I didn’t use to…
One of the important components is a tablecloth. Its colour should harmonize with tableware and flowers on the table.
Just fancy that a classic English tea set consisted of more than thirty items. It is a porcelain tea set, a device for extraction tea from tea bags, a tea spoon, tea strainers, a tea box for storing tea, a lemon fork with two prongs, a quilt cover for the kettle, a pot for boiling water, a kettle, a plate for sweet and a plate for a lemon, sugar tongs, a fork for lemon, a big kettle, a jug with milk or cream, a stray, teapot and tea spoons. The tea was served up with cakes, small cucumber sandwiches, anchovy paste, fresh fruit, cookies, pies and small fresh unleavened scones. Scones are cooked in the form of rolls, as well as triangular, square, hexagonal, but most of them are simply round. Sometimes they mixed with dried raisins, as a rule (see photo 1). Scones are served with a strawberry, cherry, lemon or orange jam or cream.
The tea ceremony seems to be an entire art for the British and one has to learn how to tackle it since childhood and educate the best qualities of a lady and a gentleman. Moreover, procedure of high society’s tea-drinking was available only for wealthy people. The people went to tea ceremony went on a written invitation where the time and place of the tea ceremony was given.
The history of appearance and usefulness of tea in Russia is very interesting too. Tea was very extravagant at first. The high cost was due to the high costs of the tea sea transportation from China to Russia: it was carried via Mongolia, Siberia and the Urals. It is known that the main attribute of Russian tea ceremony is the samovar. A question what was before - Five o’clock or a Russian tea appears to be interesting.
The description of five o’clock tea tradition with Englishmen was first found in 1840 during Ann VII, the duchess of Bedford’s, reign. The samovar tradition is referred to1778 when Lisitciny brothers making samovars in Russia according to the documentary evidence. Thus, the appearance of the samovar with the beginning of the tea tradition in Russia, took place before the five of the clock tea tradition.
Koval К.S. identifies five subcultures in Russian tea–drinking tradition which differs from the English tradition [2, 15]. For example, the Russian nobility copied the English tea-drinking tradition. Another subculture of tea-drinking was that of a merchant-landlord’s culture. In this culture the tea was served with sugar, honey, jam, pies with various fillings, cakes, treacle cakes, kalatchi, bagels. The tea was mixed with alcohol - strong liquers and balsams. The Bourgeois subculture was similar to the «noble» and «merchant» tea-drinking subcultures. There was also a teashop and tavern tea-drinking subculture. The tea wasn’t drunk only at home, because not every family could afford to buy the samovar and the tea. Many people drank tea in public places such as taverns and teashops as it was much cheaper. The subculture of workers and peasants is no less interesting. There were no strict rules in this subculture, but there was a custom whenever a visitor came he given tea. The owners, according to custom, ought to drink tea with him. Hosts and guests were sitting at table by seniority. The hostess would pour the tea, and her eldest daughter would help her if necessary.
The cup would be passed by two hands with a smile and wish: «Be healthy! » People who would take the tea had to answer «Thank you». Real tea was not available for the workers and peasants. Most of them would drink a mix of herbs (ivan-chai, zveroboi, raspberry).
A conversation in the Russian tea-drinking tradition was crucially important. The silence was viewed upon as disrespect to the house owners. Unlike the English Five o clock tea-drinking tradition there were no so called «forbidden themes» in the conversation; the ceremony was natural and one could go to the tea party without an invitation.
The difference between the merchant-landlord’s tea–drinking subculture and the English five o’clock tea ceremony was that there were served liqueurs, balsams, honey, jam and treacle cakes. The similarity of the two tea cultures is that the tea was served with the lemon, cream, sugar, and there was a tablecloth laid on the table. According to the Russian tradition the middle of the table was covered with narrow track, and they put handmade napkins, and afterwards plates with treats. The samovar would be placed to the left of the mistress or on a separate table (see photo 2).
One of the famous table accessories in Russia can be called a «Baba» on the kettle. It is a special hot water bottle, made in the form of a woman in lush, bright skirts. It covered the upper part of the samovar to make tea brew properly. In English tradition the kettle is also covered with a cover to keep it warm.
Also, in the seventeenth century in Russia there were a glass and a wooden glass-holder. It was intended for cultured men who preferred to drink tea from glasses. In English culture, however, glasses are not mentioned.
The Russian tea tableware is the same as in the English tradition. The difference is that in England there is no word the «samovar», but there is a copy of a samovar, a special silver tea urn with a burner. In Russia there was a bul’otka is a small metal teapot on the burner. Bul’otka was used both for boiling water and maintaining the temperature (see photo 3). Gilodo A.A. describes the samovars which existed in the 18th century in Russia. They consisted of two parts: a removable spherical body, inside of which there was a conical tube, and served to thrust and stand-tray with stem, attached to the brazier for coals in the form of a low cylinder with holes in the walls. On the body there were attached movable handle swivels [1, 8].
There were peculiar signs and symbols in the English tea-drinking ceremony. So in an English tea party, teaspoons were really important and were given certain numbers lest the mistress was not confused about pouring tea for the second time. The spoon which was laid across the cup meant the end of the tea party.
The Russian tea party sign for finishing one’s tea was a cup toppled down or placed sideways on the saucer.
In my opinion, the English five o clock tea-drinking ceremony involves much more rules than the Russian tea party. There are differences both in table manners, serving the food. Five o’clock is a ceremony with such particulars as discussion, tableware, table etiquette, which is available only for wealthy people and aristocrats. Tea in Russia is something more than just a drinking tradition - a way of life, a feature of the national spirit, a symbol of hospitality. Russian tea tradition is a diversity of subcultures and simplicity.
Thus, can observe the use of tea linked with the national culture, household and historical traditions of the English and Russian people.
REFERENCES
Gilodo A.A. Russian samovar- М.: Soviet Russia, 1991- 224 p.
Koval K.C. Russian tea ceremony // Cultural studies analysis, №28, 2014. - p. 15-17
KuharenkoV.A. Reference-book on stylistics of the English language. Textbook – M.: Flinta, 2011. – 184 p.
Malkova Yu.L., Sirotkin A.C. Socio-cultural competence and regional studies component as  the content of foreign language teaching  // Ivanovo state university of chemistry and technology bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities, 2014, №6, p.73-74
Nurmuhametova E.R., Savartseva N.V. English teatime: its past аnd present // Bulletin of the Scientific Society of students, postgraduate students and young scientists: Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy 2015. - p. 136-139.
Pavlovskaya A. Five o clock and other English traditions - М.: Algoritm, 2014 - 438 p.
APPENDIX

Photo 1. Raisin scones.
Photo 2. The samovar.
Photo 3. Bul’otka.