Научный проект Если различия между американским и британским английским

Hypothesis, aims, objects Aim: describing and analysis of particularities of US English Objects: compare US English and UK English consider particularities of US English Hypothesis is based on the suggestion a person graduated our school would be able understand the Americans, if he learned British English. Introduction: This research is based on the hypothesis can we, students, learning British English, understand American English. During the research we made a questionnaire among senior grades, in which 50 students took part. We looked for answers to questions in different sources. We used some books, internet’s material. We are interested to know how Americans speak, is there any differences between American and British English, and what are they? Questionnaire What is the official language in the USA? Is there any differences between American and British English? What differences are there between American and British English? Questionnaire- 50 students questions answers students yes no Don’t know What is the official language in the USA? American English 10 37 3 What differences are there between American and British English? Pronunciation Intonation Dialects lexicon 23 4 10 3 Is there any differences between American and British English? 35 4 1 The role of the English language In today’s world English language plays a crucial role in the areas of human activity such as science, engineering, economics, trade, diplomacy, and tourism. This is the international language for aviation and shipping. 80% of the information stored in computers in the world, presented in English. It acts as a working language of the absolute majority of the international scientific, technical, political and professional international congresses, conferences, symposia and seminars. English in our time performs the same role in Europe in the middle ages played Latin. American and British versions are not different languages, and this is confirmed in practice: Americans, Canadians, British, Australians, New Zealanders and easily communicate with each other. However, considering that the total data in the English language versions much more than different. We should not forget that such an assessment is qualitative. Of course, that the specific differences are many, and they are particularly noticeable in the lexicon. Here are some general differences between British and American spellings: Words ending in -or (American) -our (British) color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc. Words ending in -ize (American) -ise (British) recognize- recognise, patronize-patronise . Differences in pronunciation ‘r’ is often not pronounced in British English, but it is pronounced in American English.American English British Englishcar [ka:r] [ka:] hard [ha:rd] [ha:d] sister [sister] [siste] port [po:rt] [po:t] Differences in grammar •American English - on the weekendBritish English - at the weekend•American English - on a teamBritish English - in a team•American English - please write me soonBritish English - please write to me soon Differences in lexicon American English RussianApartment Flat квартира Backpack Rucksack рюкзак Bathtub Bath ванна Drugstore Chemist’s аптекаElevator Lift лифт Faucet Tap кран Can Tin консервная банка Candy Sweets конфеты From the history Differences in vocabulary can be explained by turning to American history. The Americans borrowed words from those languages with which the English – speaking colonists came into contact on the American continent: American Indian, French, Spanish. Another thing is that some words which had the same meaning on both sides of the Atlantic during the 17th and 18th centuries were given a new meaning either in England or in America. Sources of new words: Indian language: Igloo иглу (ледяная хижина эскимосов)Skunk скунс (животное)Totem тотемWigwam вигвамOther cultural contact, which influenced the formation of American lexicon, was French settlers from France:Brave храбрыйBureau бюроBorrowing from African languages were not very significant. For example:Okra окра (растение)Voodoo колдун The largest influx of new words is observed in 19-20 centuries, when arrived in the United States millions of immigrants from many countries.Italians brought, in particular its national cuisine and the corresponding words:Pizza пиццаSpaghetti спагеттиHave in American English and various word German origin:Hamburger гамбургерLiverwurst ливерная колбаса Many words have been borrowed from Spanish:Corral загон для скотаLasso лассоMustang мустангSombrero сомбрероDanish colony New Amsterdam on the site of modern New York, too, has left its trace linguistic:Boss босс, хозяинBush кустSleigh сани The largest influx of new words is observed in 19-20 centuries, when arrived in the United States millions of immigrants from many countries.Italians brought, in particular its national cuisine and the corresponding words:Pizza пиццаSpaghetti спагеттиHave in American English and various word German origin:Hamburger гамбургерLiverwurst ливерная колбасаSemester семестр Is there any difference between the English spoken in the United States and that of Great Britain? Yes, there is: in vocabulary, pronunciation and in the meaning of some words; but the English and the Americans understand each other without great difficulty. Perhaps they are helped by the fact that there are no differences in suffixes, prefixes, morphology and syntax. Conclusion In our research we tried to find any differences between American and British English. We found differences in pronunciation, spelling, grammar and lexicon. Comparing two languages we can make a conclusion that there is more common than different in languages. We should know these differences, be ready to use some words instead others. There are common words and common conceptions in both languages. That is why we hope we will not have a great difficulty in understanding American English.