Презентация по английскому языку по теме Modal Verbs, УМК Spotlight 11

Modal VerbsObligation/NecessityAbsence of necessityPermission/ProhibitionPossibilityAbility/InabilityLogical Assumptions/DeductionsCriticismOffers/SuggestionsProbabilityAdvice
Obligation/Necessitymust - strong obligation to do sth., the speaker himself has decided that sth is necessityI must contact the school for some information.have to – strong necessity/obligation, when objective circumstances make us do sthWe have to wear uniform at school.had to – past form of must and have toshould/ought to – duty or weak obligationWe should clear away the mess in the kitchen.
Absence of necessitydon’t have to-don’t need to-needn’t - sth which isn’t necessary to do in the present/futureYou don’t have to dress formally today.needn’t have V3 – sth which wasn’t necessary to do in the past but it was doneYou needn’t have cooked so much food. We weren’t hungry.didn’t have to – sth which wasn’t necessary to do. We don’t know if it was done or not.He didn’t have to invite everyone to the party. (We don’t know if he invited everyone.)
Permission/Prohibitioncan/may - used to ask for/give permission. May is more formal than can.Can/May I use your phone, please? – Yes, you can/may.mustn’t /can’t– forbidden to do sth, against the rules, not allowed to do sth.You mustn’t/can’t park here.
Possibilitycan + present infinitive - general/theoretical possibilityGoing to the gym can be boring.could/may/might + present infinitive - possibility in a specific situation. She should take a map with her. She might get lost.We can use can/could/might in questions, but NOT may.How difficult can it be?could/might/would + perfect infinitive sth in the past that was possible but didn’t happenHe could have come with us, if he hadn’t missed the train.
Ability/Inabilitycan - ability in the present/future.I can speak Italian fluently.could – general or repeated ability in the pastI could sing quite well when I was younger.was(n’t) able to – (in)ability on a specific occasion in the pastI was able to (wasn’t able to) find all the answers.couldn’t – any kind of inability in the pastI couldn’t read or write when I was four. Logical Assumptions/Deductionsmust = almost certain that it is/was trueHe isn’t at work. So he must be on his way home.may/might/could = possible that it is/was trueThe computer is out of order. It may be broken.can’t/couldn’t = almost certain that it is/was impossibleThat can’t be John! John has blue eyes and blond hair.
CriticismcouldYou could at least be polite to her. (present)You could at least have called to cancel it . (past)shouldYou should call them back. (present)She should have told us. (past)
Offers/SuggestionswouldWould you like a cup of tea?shallShall I give you a lift?can/couldWe can/could watch TV.Can I give you a lift?
ProbabilitywillHe will call me tonight. (100% certain)should/ought toThe weather should/ought to get better tomorrow. (90% certain, future only)
Adviceshould/ought to - general adviceYou should stop smoking.shall – asking for adviceShall I enter the competition?