Презентация по страноведению на тему The USA history. Lecture.

THE U.S. HISTORY: FROM PREHISTORIC TIMESTO PRESENT The discovery of America (the New World) Colonial America The war for independence (1775- 1783) The American civil war (1861-1865) The 20th century America in the 21st century New trade routes New enterprises and riches New lands to build an empire for their mother country New lands to spread Christianity 986 AD a norseman Bjarni Herjolfsson sailed from Iceland to Greenland a shore with low-lying hills covered in vegetation remains of a 1000-year-old viking-type settlement were found by archaeologists in Canada (1963) Around 1000 AD A norseman Leif Ericsson - the first European to visit the New World many grape-vines Vinland (Wineland) 1492 an italian sailor Christopher Columbus sailed to search for a new trade route to India 3 months of a difficult voyage the Bahama Islands the new land for Spain Ch.Columbus is going to India Ch.Columbus found “India” 1497 an englishman John Cabot England - the North Atlantic - America (north of Nova Scotia) the new land for England 1499 an italian sailor Amerigo Vespucci explored the coast of South America the New World was not India the land of Amerigo a German, Martin Waldseemuller was working on a world map, based on the work of Ptolemy [‘tolimi] the name "America" - across the southern continent of the New World 1000 copies of the map - in Europe 1538 - Geradus Mercator produced the first world map with printed names of North America and South America on the two continents The Geradus Mercator World Map The chief nations - Spain, England and France 1565 - the first Spanish settlement Saint Augustine (North America) Florida, Texas, and the Southwest, including California - under control of the Spanish 1607 - the first successful English settlement Jamestown (Virginia) English Puritans came to America to escape religious persecution 1620 - Plymouth Colony [‘plimәθ] - the second permanent British settlement in North America and the first in New England 1630 - Massachusetts Bay colony 1636 - an English clergyman Roger Williams left Massachusetts and founded the colony of Rhode Island The first colonies in America 1733 - 13 English colonies along the Atlantic Coast, from New Hampshire in the North to Georgia in the South The French controlled Canada and Louisiana 13 British colonies - Europeans – mostly from rich families; couldn’t work - Indians taught them how to cultivate crops: corn, tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco - The Indians' inventions are canoes, snowshoes and moccasins - A lot of American place-names derive from Indian words (including the states of Massachusetts, Ohio, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, and Idaho) Europeans : - took the lands of native Americansdidn’t care for naturewere in wars for territories brought diseases from Europe Colonial wars in North America  1619 - several Negroes were brought from Africa to Jamestown and sold to the tobacco planters The beginning of slavery in America small farms were replaced by large plantations a lot of Africans were imported to America The War for Independence (1775-1783): 1) The Seven Years War (1756-1763): - the hostility between Prussia and Austria in Europe - the colonial rivalries between Britain, France and Spain The Seven Years War (1756-1763) After the war: Britain – the greatest colonial power (India and North America)Britain wants to defray the cost of the warNew taxes on the coloniesBoycott of the British goods 1773 The British government allowed “The East India Company” to export tax-free tea to the coloniesColonists’ indignation“Boston Tea Party”: In Boston port, members of “Sons of Liberty” boarded British ships and dropped all boxes of tea into the water “Boston Tea Party” - Closing of the Boston port Sending a lot of British soldiers to Boston Sharpening of the conflict between Britain and its colonies The War for Independence of American colonies from British rule - 1774 – the First Continental Congress April 19, 1775 – victorious battle of colonists (Lexington, Massachusetts)July 4, 1776 – the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson – the author and the 3d president (1801); 1803 – purchased LouisianaThe Declaration: the equality, the right to “life, freedom & pursuit of happiness” - 1777 – American soldiers defeated British (Saratoga, New York) France & America signed treaties of alliance1783 – the Treaty of Paris – official ending of the war England recognized American independence The consequences of the war: no feudalismdevelopment of capitalism in trade, industry and agricultureforming of 13 statesGeorge Washington – the first president (commander-in-chief of the North American; did very much for the victory of the colonists) The American Civil War (1861-1865) The USA was divided into 2 regions:- the industrializing North with free labour;the agricultural South with slave labour.1854 – foundation of the Republican Party (their rival - Democratic Party, founded in 1828, stood for slavery). 1860 - Abraham Lincoln - the president of the USA 1861 11 southern states left the Union and founded a Confederation (the Confederate States of America) The Civil war - the 2nd American revolution The army of the South: fewer soldiers, but well-organized, brilliant tacticians among commanders General Grant - commander-in-chief in the North the North began to win April, 1865 - the end of the Civil war The Civil War - traumatic episode with important results The end of slavery No more obstacles to capitalist development the American nation - an indivisible whole both territorially and ethnically By the end of the 19-th century 1869 - the first transcontinental railroad By 1900 more rail mileage than all of Europe The prosperity of the petroleum industry Andrew Carnegie - a founder of the vast empire of steel mills By the end of the 19-th century Multiple textile mills (in the South) Meat-packing plants (in Chicago, Illinois) Electricity - to power streetcars, railways and subways an architect Louis Sullivan - the first skyscraper using steel-frame (Chicago) The 1920s Henry Ford The Model T 1929 - the stock market crashed a worldwide depression By 1932 Failure of thousands of American banks, 100 000 businesses Industrial production - cut in halfWages decreased 60 percent UnemploymentFranklin D. Roosevelt – a president December 1941 - the bombing of Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii by the Japanese the World war II: against Japan against Germany and Italy The United Nations The USA and the Soviet Union - worse relations 1963 - the US and the Soviet Union came to agreement on a limited ban of nuclear testing the tension of the cold war eased April, 1949 The US and Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United Kingdom - the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 1945-1970 55 percent of all households owned washing machines 77 percent owned cars 90 percent had television sets nearly all had refrigerators