Презентация по английскому языку на тему Modal Verbs (11 класс)

Modal verbsCan/couldMay/mightMust/had toOught toShall/shouldWill/would Obligation/Duty/Necessity Must V – duty/strong obligation to do sth, sth is essential. It is a rule. The speaker has decided that sth is necessary (subjective). e.g. You must stop when the traffic light is red. (that’s the rule).e.g. I must contact the school for further information. (it is necessary). Have to V – strong necessity/obligation. We use have to when somebody else other than the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (objective). e.g. I have to wear a uniform at work. Had to V– форма прошедшего времени для must and have to.Should/ought to V– duty/weak obligation, advice, recommendation. e.g. We should / ought to clear away the mess in the kitchen. Absence of necessityDon’t have to V/don’t need to V/Needn’t V – it isn’t necessary to do sth in the present/future (нет необходимости)e.g. You don’t have to/don’t need to/ needn’t walk the dog. Didn’t have to V/didn’t need to V– it wasn’t necessary to do sth in the past.e. g. They didn’t need to/didn’t have to cut any more wood. (it wasn‘t necessary) Permission/ProhibitionCan/may V – are used to ask for/give permission (попросить разрешения/разрешить что-либо)e.g. Can/may I use your phone, please? Yes, you can/may.Mustn’t/can’t V – it is forbidden to do sth; it is against the rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth (запрещено правилами, законом)e.g. You mustn’t/can’t enter here. PossibilityCan V - general possibility.e.g. Going to the museum can be boring.Could/may/might V – possibility in a specific situation. (present, future)e.g. She should take a map with her. She might get lost.Could/might/would have V3 – sth in the past was possible but didn’t happen. e.g. They could have come with us if they hadn’t missed the train. Ability/InabilityCan V – ability in the present/future. e.g. Tony can run fast. Could V – general repeated ability in the past. e.g. When he was young he could climb trees.Was(n’t) able to V – (in)ability on a specific occasion in the past, single action in the past. e.g. He was able to reach the top of the mountain. Couldn’t V – any kind of inability in the past, repeated or specific. e.g. He couldn’t ride a bike when he was two. Logical Assumptions/DeductionsMust – almost certain that this is/was true.e.g. They must be on holiday. (I am sure they are on holiday).e.g. He must have strained his back. (I am certain)e.g. The drivers must have been driving too fast. May /might/could V – possible that sth is/was true. e.g. The computer is out of order. It may be broken. e.g. She was lucky. She could have been killed. Negative Logical Assumptions Can’t/couldn’t – almost certain that sth is/was impossible. e.g. They can’t be at work. (I am sure they are not at work)e. g. She can’t be doing her homework.e.g. He can’t have done his exam. Critisism Could V– e.g. You could be polite to her (present).Could have V3 – e.g. You could have called to cancel it yesterday (past). Should V– e.g. He should call us back. (present) Should have V3 - She should have told us. (but she didn’t). Ought to V– e.g. You ought to be more careful. (I advise you to be more careful). Offers/SuggestionsCan I give you a hand?Would you like a cup of tea?Shall I give you a lift?We can go out. We could watch TV. Probability (вероятность) He will call me tonight. (100% certain)The weather should/ought to get better tomorrow. (90% certain; future only, it’s probable) Advice You should stop smoking.You ought to abide by the rules.Shall I enter the competition? (asking for advice)