Выступление на тему Трудности при переводе английских пословиц и поговорок на русский язык.

The difficulties of translation English proverbs and sayings into the Russian language.
Introduction
Why did I choose this theme?
On the one hand the study of English and Russian proverbs and sayings is actual today , because they arouse interest in studying foreign languages , develop our enrichment of vision. On the other hand in the school curriculum little attention is paid to this theme. That is why I would like to introduce you to English and Russian proverbs and tell you about their usage. First, proverbs and sayings are used from generation to generation. They are traditional and change with time and culture. This research has shown, how much in common have people who speak English and Russian languages, which contributes to better understanding. The object of research - most often used proverbs and sayings taken from dictionaries, literary works of both foreign and domestic authors.
The main part.Proverbs and sayings as a genre of folklore. There is some opinion that «Proverbs and sayings are part of a remarkable cultural heritage of our ancestors.» I completely agree with this statement and therefore my aim is to learn what have people in common who speak English and Russian languages, how can we unite them , and I will do it with the help of proverbs and sayings, which are used both in Russian and in English languages . Proverb is a genre of folklore. It is a linguistic material, which increases the interest of students to foreign languages, develops their linguistic intuitions ,gives the habit of thinking of linguistic concepts, contains wisdom, truth, morals and traditional views in a metaphorical, fixed form.The English language is very rich in idiomatic expressions, proverbs and sayings, which constantly appear in literature, in newspapers, in movies, on radio and television, but also in every day communication of the British, Americans, Canadians, Australians. Proverbs and saying , as immutably attribute of folklore , carry a reflection of life to the nation to which they belong. Proverbs and sayings are diverse, they are out of temporary space. Indeed, whatever time we live in, proverbs, sayings will always remain relevant attributable to the point. The correct and appropriate use of proverbs and sayings give our speech uniqueness and special expressiveness.
The ratio of English and Russian Proverbs and sayings.
Comparison of proverbs and sayings of different nations shows how much do these people to contribute to their better understanding. It is necessary to notice, that many English and Russian proverbs and sayings are multiple-valued, that makes them difficult for interpretation and comparison. Nevertheless, it is important to remember, that, developing in various historical conditions, English and Russian sayings and proverbs express the same or similar thoughts .. For example.
The glass is always greener on the other side of the fence. The literal translation of this proverb is: Трава всегда зеленее по ту сторону забора. But in Russian there is another saying: Хорошо там, где нас нет. In principle, these two Proverbs are equivalent in meaning. But the literal translation of the Russian proverb translates as: Life is better where we are not present. Classification of English and Russian proverbs and sayings..
Proverbs in English have the same meaning with the Russian translation. Such as: 1). 1). Коси коса, пока роса. - Make hay while the sun shines.
Куй железо, пока горячо.- Strike while the iron is the sun shines. Strike while the iron is hot.
2). 2). Любовь слепа.-The love is blind.
Любовь зла, полюбишь и козла Love is evil, love and kids.-
Of love of harm you will grow fond also a goat. 2. Proverbs and sayings can be divided into such categories: 1). English proverbs and sayings, which are fully translated on the same way into the Russian language, i.e. English version completely corresponds to the Russian. Поторопись, когда поле покупаешь, но не спеши с выбором жены
.- Make haste when you are purchasing a field; but when you are to marry a wife , be slow.
Hurry up, when the field is going to buy, but do not hurry with the choice of a wife.
Make haste when you are purchasing a field;
Поспешишь – людей насмешишь.- Will rush - the people will make laugh.
More haste, the worse speed. 2). English proverbs and sayings, which are partially translated on the same way into the Russian language, i.e. English version is slightly different from the Russian. У доброго мужа и жена досужа. - A good husband makes a good wife.
При хорошей жене и плохой муж – молодец.- A good wife makes a good husband.
The good husband and the wife are idle. –
A good husband makes a good wife. When a good wife and a bad husband - well done.-
A good wife makes a good husband 3). English proverbs and sayings, which have completely different translation in the Russian language, i.e. English version does not match Russian, and retained only the General meaning of a statement. Из небогатого сословия можно выбрать веселую жену, из богатого – друга.-
Go down the ladder when thou merriest a wife; go up when thou choosiest a friend.
По себе дерево руби, по себе жену бери.- On itself a tree cut, on itself the wife take.
From a modest bar you can choose a happy wife of a wealthy friend."
Go down the ladder when thou merriest a wife; go up when thou choosiest a friend. On a tree ruby, a wife berry.- On itself a tree cut, on itself the wife take. 4) the most common structure in the English language is N+V+N. Haste makes waste - поспешность делает отходы.
Diamond cut diamond.( нашла коса на камень)Diamond cut diamond.( found a scythe against a stone) 5)Adjective+N+N, with various extensions: Like father. Like son.- Как отец. Как сын
All lay loads on a willing horse.- Все кладут грузы на согласной лошадиAll lay loads on a willing horse." They put the goods on the consonant horses 6)Russian language has another structure: Adjective+N+N+V: Curious Varvara's nose was torn off . Любопытной Варваре нос оторвалиБолтливой корове Бог рог не даетGassy cow God horn does not. 7)N+N+V with various forms of expansion: Bow seven diseases will be cured; Лук семь недугов излечит;
Волк волка не съест.Wolf a wolf will not eat. 8) In most cases in the English proverbs verb used in the form of the Present Simple 3-rd person: Haste makes waste? Haste makes waste?
After a storm comes a calm, after meat comes mustard.
В русских – глаголы повелительного наклонения:
Не бойся собаки брехливой, а бойся молчаливой ;Век живи, век учись.After a storm comes a calm, after meat comes mustard. In Russian verbs are imperative: Do not be afraid of the dog lying, and silent fear ; Live and learn. 9) In English proverbs are used in the form of Participle 1 and 2. 10) In Russian proverbs noun can be in the form of different cases: Will rush - the people will make laugh. Поспешишь – людей насмешишь.
Конец – делу венецThe difficulties of translation English proverbs and sayings into the Russian language.
The English language has its own laws, the Russian language has also its own laws. Word order In English and in Russian languages are not similar. There are no two negation s in English sentences , but in Russian we have just used two of them: «never», «not».
The Russian language is flexible, and it allows you to save the English word order in the sentence, but not always.
Conclusion
Proverbs and sayings, being a part of the culture of this people, have always been and will remain relevant despite the development of economy and technology, progress etc. At any time proverbs and sayings are a characteristic feature of this nation, the object of attention and research.
After analyzing several proverbs and sayings, I came to the following conclusion:
1) Proverbs and sayings are multivalued and bright. They are out of time and out of class division, i.e. they are pronounced by rich people, and by the people of the lower strata of society;
2) Proverbs and sayings of the English language quite difficult to translate into other languages;
3) In almost any language you can find equivalents of English proverbs and sayings;
Sometimes a proverb will impart a nice and positive message. Something about having a great time or doing something right or being nice. Other times a proverb will have a warning and it will insult your life choices and demonstrate how wrong you had been.