Методические указания по практике речи английского языка для студентов всех специальностей GREAT BRITAIN

Министерство образования и науки Республики Татарстан
ГАПОУ «Чистопольский многопрофильный колледж
GREAT BRITAIN
Методические указания по практике речи английского языка
для студентов всех специальностей
г. Чистополь 2016
Допущено к публикации предметно-цикловой комиссией преподавателей филологических дисциплин
ГАПОУ « Чистопольский многопрофильный колледж»
Составитель: Хаматгалиева Л.З., преподаватель английского языка
ГАПОУ «Чистопольский многопрофильный колледж»
Рецензент: Валиуллина Ф.М., методист по национальному образованию и межрегиональному сотрудничеству МКУ «Управление образования ИК ЧМР РТ», кандидат филологических наук
Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов профессиональных общеобразовательных учреждений, познакомят учащихся с базовыми достопримечательностями Великобритании. Содержат устные темы и материал для чтения по английскому языку и могут быть использованы как для работы в аудитории, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов.
Методические указания составлены в соответствии с рабочей программой курса английского языка и их целью является развитие лексических навыков английского языка, развитие навыков устной речи, письменной речи, развитие умения и навыков чтения текстов страноведческой и культуроведческой тематики;
Тематика текстов включает лингвострановедческих материал. Тексты оснащены предтекстовыми и послетекстовыми упражнениями, упражнения лексико-грамматического характера и упражнения на развитие коммуникативной деятельности.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Chapter 1. The Geographical Position of Great Britain……………………………………………………..3Chapter 2. The Population of the British Isles……………………………..........................................5Chapter 3. Climate in Great Britain …………………………………………………….7Chapter 4. British Museums……………………………………………….....10Chapter 5. British Literature……………………………………………….....12Chapter 6. London……………………………………………………14Chapter 7. Tea is the Most Popular Drink in Britain………………………………………………….....16Chapter 8. The Tower of London……………………………………………………18Chapter 9. Transport in Britain…………………………………………………….20Chapter 10. Education in Britain……………………………………………….........22
Chapter 1
The Geographical Position of Great Britain 
There are two large islands and several smaller ones, which lie in the north-west coast of Europe. Collectively they are known as the British Isles. The largest island is called Great Britain. The smaller one is called Ireland. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel. The country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and from Ireland - by the Irish Sea.
In the British Isles there are two states. One of them governs of the most of the island of Ireland. This state is usually called the Republic of Ireland. The other state has authority over the rest of the territory. The official name of this country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is usually known by a shorter name - "The United Kingdom". The total area of Great Britain is 244,000 square km.
They say that the British love of compromise is the result of the country's physical geography. This may or may not be true, but it certainly true that the land and climate in Great Britain have a notable lack of extremes. The mountains in the country are not very high. It doesn't usually get very cold in the winter or very not in the summer. It has no active volcanoes, and an earth tremors which does no more than rattle teacups in a few houses which is reported in the national news media. The insular geographical position of Great Britain promoted the development of shipbuilding, different training contacts with other countries.
 Questions:
1. Where is Great Britain situated?
2. What is the total area of Great Britain?
3. What is the official name of this country?
Vocabulary:
British Isles - Британские островаto govern - управлятьto rattle - болтать volcano - вулканearth tremos - землетрясениеto be separated - быть отделенным insular – островной
Match English and Russian phrases:
1.самый большой остров 1.the country is washed
2.пролив Ла-Манш 2.the total area
3.страна омывается 3.the British love of compromise
4.общая площадь 4.English Channel
5.любовь британцев к компромиссам 5.the largest island
6.но правда в том 6.but is certainly true
7.способствует 7.shipbuilding
8.торговые связи 8.development
9.развитие 9.promoted
10.кораблестроение 10.training contacts
Chapter 2
The Population of the British Isles The British Isles are the home of four nations — English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish. Even though foreigners often call all British people "English", and sometimes have difficulty in appreciating the distinctions, the component nations of the United Kingdom are well aware of their own individual characteristics.
The Scots, Welsh and Irish regard themselves as largely Celtic peoples, while the English are mainly Anglo-Saxon in origin. British society as a whole does not have a uniform cultural identity.
In 1993 the population of the United Kingdom was about 58 million inhabitants. This figure gives a population density of 600 persons per square mile (284 per square km). England has an average density of 980 persons per square mile (364 per square km).
This average does not reveal the even higher densities in some areas of the country, such as south-east parts. Within Europe only the Netherlands has a higher population that England.
Questions:
1. How many nations live in the Great Britain? What are they
2. What nations regard themselves as Celtic people? 
3. What nation is Anglo-Saxon? 
4. What was the population in 1988? 
5. What Europe country has a higher population than England?
Vocabulary:
distinction — различие regard — уважение society — общество inhabitant — житель density — плотность населения to reveal — обнаруживать
Complete the following idea putting a word in each space:
Even though . . . often call all British people "English", and sometimes have difficulty in . . . the distinctions, the component nations of the United Kingdom are well aware of their own . . . characteristics.
British . . . as a whole does not have a . . . cultural identity.
This figure gives a . . . density of 600 persons per square mile (284 per square km).
This average does not reveal the even higher . . . in some areas of the country, such as . . . parts.
. . . Europe only the Netherlands has a higher . . . that England.  
Chapter 3
Climate in Great Britain 
The British Isles which are surrounded by the ocean have an insular climate. There are 3 things that chiefly determine the climate of the United Kingdom: the position of the islands in the temperate belt; the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the west and south-west and the warm current — the Gulf Stream that flows from the Gulf of Mexico along the western shores of England. All these features make the climate more moderate, without striking difference between seasons. It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer.
So, the British ports are ice-free and its rivers are not frozen throughout the year. The weather on the British Isles has a bad reputation. It is very changeable and fickle. The British say that there is a climate in other countries, but we have just weather. If you don't like the weather in England, just wait a few minutes.
It rains very often in all seasons in Great Britain. Autumn and winter are the wettest. The sky is usually grey and cold winds blow. On the average, Britain has more than 200 rainy days a year. The English say that they have 3 variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon, and when it rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily, that they say «It's raining cats and dogs».
Britain is known all over the world for its fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it's impossible to see anything within a few meters. The winter fogs of London are, indeed, awful; they surpass all imagination. In a dense fog all traffic is stopped, no vehicle can move from fear of dreadful accidents. So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and very changeable.
 
Questions:
1. Does the Gulf Stream flow from the Gulf of Mexico along the western shores of England?
2. What kind of climate does Great Britain have?
3. Why does the United Kingdom have an insular climate?
4. What are three main features that determine the climate of Great Britain?
5. Why are the English ports ice-free?
6. Are the English rivers frozen during winter?
7. Is it very hot in Britain in summer?
8. What reputation does the weather of the United Kingdom have?
9. Does it rain very often?
10. What happens when there is a heavy fog in Great Britain?
Vocabulary:
to surround — окружатьinsular climate — островной климатto determine — определятьtemperate belt — умеренный поясprevailing winds — господствующие ветрыthe Gulf Stream — течение Гольфстримto flow — течь, протекатьshores — побережьеmoderate — умеренныйstriking difference — зд. большая разницаthroughout — по всей, повсюду, везде, в течение всегоfickle — непостоянныйwet — сырой, мокрыйto blow — зд. - дутьIt's raining cats and dogs — дождь льет как из ведраfog — туманawful — ужасный, пугающийdense — плотный, густойvehicle.— транспортное средство, автомобильdreadful — ужасный, страшный
Insert the preposition:
There are 3 things that chiefly determine the climate of the United Kingdom: the position . . . the islands in the temperate belt; the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the west and south-west and the warm current — the Gulf Stream that flows from the Gulf . . . Mexico along the western shores . . . England. 
It is not very cold . . . winter and never very hot . . . summer.
The weather . . . the British Isles has a bad reputation.
The British say that there is a climate . . . other countries, but we have just weather.
If you don't like the weather . . . England, just wait a few minutes.
It rains very often . . . all seasons in Great Britain.
. . . the average, Britain has more than 200 rainy days a year.
The English say that they have 3 variants . . . weather: when it rains . . . the morning, when it rains . . . the afternoon, and when it rains all day long.
The winter fogs . . . London are, indeed, awful; they surpass all imagination.
. . . a dense fog all traffic is stopped, no vehicle can move from fear . . . dreadful accidents. 
Chapter 4
British Museums     
There are many museums in London. One of them is the Tate Gallery in Millmank, which presents modern masters of England and France. There are some fine examples of modern sculpture. Its collection of French Impressionists is marvelous. There is the Victoria and Albert Museum in Brompton Road. It has an outstanding collection of the applied arts of all countries and periods.
The National Gallery in Trafalgar Square has one of the best picture collections in the world. It has the most valuable display of French paintings from the early of the Impressionists, and, of course, the finest English painting, with Gainsborough, Turner, Constable and others. It shows the progress of Italian painting from the medieval to the Renaissance, some outstanding pictures of the old Roman masters. It also has a great variety of Dutch and Flemish masters and an excellent choice of Spanish painters. There are great treasures dispersed in private collections all over the world. The Queen's collection is the most valuable among them.
Questions:
1. Are there many museums in London?
2. Name British Museums you know?
3. What is the National Gallery famous for?
4. The Queen's collection is the most valuable, isn't it?
5. Tell about the Victoria and Albert Museum?
Vocabulary:
sculpture - скульптура outstanding - выдающийся display - выставка 
Find in the chapter the English for:
в которой представлены современные художники Англии и Франции
несколько прекрасных образцов
коллекция французских импрессионистов
национальная галерея
ценная выставка
многие шедевры
королевская коллекция
Chapter 5
British Literature
Great Britain gave the world a lot of talented people. Many famous writers and poets were born and lived in Great Britain.
One of the best known English playwrights was William Shakespeare. He draw ideas for his tragedies and comedies from the history of England and ancient Rome. Many experts consider Shakespeare the greatest writer and the greatest playwright in English language. William Shakespeare wrote 37 plays which may be divided into: comedies (such as "A Midsummer Night's Dream"), tragedies (such as "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth") and historical plays (such as "Richard II", "Henry V", "Julius Caesar", "Antony and Cleopatra").
Robert Burns represents the generation of Romantic writers. In his poems he described with love and understanding the simple life he knew. Among his well-known poems are "Halloween", "The Jolly Beggars", "To a Mouse". Lord George Gordon Byron. His free-spirited life style combined with his rare poetic gift makes him one of the most famous figures of the Romantic Era. His famous works such as "Stanzas to Augusta", "The Prisoner of Chillon", "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage", "Manfred" draw readers into the passion, humours and conviction of a poet whose life and work truly embodied the Romantic spirit. Sir Walter Scott wrote the first examples of historical novel. Lewis Carroll became famous when he published "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".
Questions:
1. Who is the best known English playwright? 
2. What are the most famous plays by Shakespeare? 
3. Who is Robert Burns? 
4. What makes George Byron famous? 
5. What are the best known works by Byron? 
6. Who wrote historical novels? 
7. What brought popularity to Lewis Carroll?
Vocabulary:
playwright — драматург tragedy — трагедия comedy — комедия to represent — представлять rare — редкий pilgrimage — паломничество passion — страсть conviction — осуждение, убеждение wonderland — страна чудес
Say the following phrases in Russia:
Famous writers, English playwright, historical plays, generation of Romantic, simple life, free-spirited life style, poetic gift, famous works, humour and conviction, became famous.
Chapter 6
London 
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It's one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than million people. London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old and beautiful. It was founded more than two thousand years ago. Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, the West End, the East End and Westminster. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. The heart of the City is the Stock Exchange. Westminster is the most important part of the capital. It's the administrative centre. The Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Government, are there. It's a very beautiful building with two towers and a very big clock called Big Ben. Big Ben is really the bell which strikes every quarter of an hour. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is Westminster Abbey. It's a very beautiful church built over 900 years ago. The tombs of many great statesmen, scientists and writers are there.
To the west of Westminster is West End. Here we find most of the big shops, hotels, museums, art galleries, theatres and concert halls. Picadilly Circus is the heart of London's West End. In the West End there are wide streets with beautiful houses and many parks, gardens and squares. To the east of Westminster is the East End, an industrial district of the capital. There are no parks or gardens in the East End and you can't see many fine houses there. Most of the plants and factories are situated there. London has many places of interest. One of them is Buckingham Palace. It's the residence of the Queen. The English are proud of Trafalgar Square, which was named so in memory of the victory at the battle. There in 1805 the English fleet defeated the fleet of France and Spain. The last place of interest I should like to mention, is the British Museum, the biggest museum in London. The museum is famous for its library -one of the richest in the world.
All London's long-past history is told by its streets. There are many streets in London which are known all over the" world. Among them Oxford Street, Downing Street and a lot of others can be mentioned. And tourists are usually attracted not only by the places of interest but by the streets too. In conclusion I should say if you are lucky enough to find yourself in London some day you will have a lot to see and enjoy there.
Questions:
1. When was London founded?
2. Into which parts is London divided?
3. What is the heart of the City?
4. Do you know any places of interest in London?
5. All London's history is told by its streets, isn't it?
Vocabulary:
tower - башня tomb - могила battle - битва in conclusion - в заключение
Complete the following idea:
The City is the oldest part of London, . . .
Westminster is the most . . .
It's a very beautiful building with two towers and . . .
The tombs of many great statesmen, . . .
Here we find most of the big shops, hotels, museums, . . .
In the West End there are wide streets with beautiful houses . . .
The English are proud of Trafalgar Square, which was named so in memory . . .
The last place of interest I should like to mention, . . .
Among them Oxford Street, Downing Street . . .
In conclusion I should say if you are lucky enough to find yourself in London . . .
Chapter 7
Tea is the Most Popular Drink in Britain 
Everyone knows that tea is the most popular drink in Britain. It's even more popular than coffee, which is favoured throughout Europe and America. The Dutch brought the first tea to Europe in 1610. But it was not until 1658 that the first advertisement for tea appeared in a London newspaper. At that time a pound of the cheapest tea cost about one-third of a skilled worker's weekly wages. Tea was guarded by the lady of the house and kept in special containers, often with a lock and carefully doled out by the teaspoon.
By 1750 tea had become the principal drink of all the classes in Britain. Later, tea-drinking developed into a fashionable social ritual. Tea parties were popular at home and soon the ritual of "afternoon tea" was firmly established.
Nowadays, throughout the homes, tea shops and hotels of Britain, the custom of tea-time continues. Tea in Britain is brewed in a teapot. Then the one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot is added. Most people in Britain prefer a rich, strong cup of tea with milk, and sugar is sometimes added to taste. 
Questions:
1. What is the most popular drink in Britain? 
2. When did the Dutch bring first tea to Europe? 
3. When did tea become the principal drink in Britain? 
4. What is the way to brew tea in Britain? 
5. And what drink do you like?
Vocabulary:
the Dutch — голландцы advertisement — реклама ritual — ритуал custom -— обычай to brew — заваривать
Put the verbs in brackets into the required forms:
Everyone (know) that tea is the most popular drink in Britain.
The Dutch (bring) the first tea to Europe in 1610.
But it was not until 1658 that the first advertisement for tea (appear) in a London newspaper.
Tea was (guard) by the lady of the house and (keep) in special containers, often with a lock and carefully doled out by the teaspoon.
By 1750 tea (become) the principal drink of all the classes in Britain.
Later, tea-drinking (develop) into a fashionable social ritual.
Then the one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot is (add).
Chapter 8
The Tower of London
The Tower of London is one of the most imposing and popular of London's historical sites. It comprises not one, but 20 towers. The oldest of which, the White Tower, dates back to the llth century and the time of William the Conqueror. Nowadays a lot of tourists visit the Tower of London, because of the Tower's evil reputation as a prison. The Tower is famous as home of the Crown Jewels. Today they can be viewed in their new jewel house. They include the Crown of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother which contains the celebrated Indian diamond.
Many stories associated with British history come from the Tower. In 1483 King Edward IV's two sons were murdered in the so-called Bloody Tower. Over two centuries later the skeletons of two little boys were found buried beneath steps in the White Tower.
Traitor's Gate has steps leading down to the River Thames. Countless prisoners, including the future Queen Elizabeth I of England, were brought to the Tower by barge and ascended the steps before being imprisoned. For many it was their last moment of freedom before their death. But Elizabeth was released from the Tower and became Queen. The King's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was brought to trial there in 1536 and beheaded. Six years later her cousin, Catherine, Henry VIII's fifth wife, suffered the same fate. Sir Thomas More was beheaded there in 1535.
Of course, no visit to the Tower would be complete without seeing the ravens; huge black birds who are an official part of the Tower community. Legend states that if the ravens were to leave the Tower the Crown will fall, and Britain with it. Under the special care of the Raven Master, the ravens are fed a daily diet of raw meat. And there is no danger of them flying away, because their wings are clipped.  
Questions:
1. What is the most imposing and popular site in London? 
2. How many towers does it comprise? 
2. What is the Tower of London famous for? 
4. Tell something about Traitor's Gate. 
5. Who is an official part of London's community?
Vocabulary:
imposing — заметный to comprise — включать jewel — драгоценность to ascend — спускаться to be beheaded — быть обезглавленным raven — ворона 
Pick out the sentences from the chapter which is following word combinations are used, and use them in sentences of your own:
Most imposing, reputation as a prison, new jewel house, many stories, moment of freedom, was released, huge black birds, legend states, under the special care, wings are clipped.
Chapter 9
Transport in Britain
You can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. The fastest way is by plane. London has three international airports: Heathrow, the largest, connected to the city by underground; Gatwick, south of London, with a frequent train service; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights.
If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel. There is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.
People in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right. The speed limit is 30 miles per hour (50 km/h) in towns and cities and 70 m.p.h. (110 km/h) on motorways.
When you are in London you can choose from four different means of transport: bus, train, underground or taxi. The typical bus in London is a red double-decker. The first London bus started running between Paddington and the City in 1829. It carried 40 passengers and cost a shilling for six kms.
The next to arrive were the trains; now there are twelve railway stations in London. The world's first underground line was opened between Baker St. and the City in 1863. Now there are ten underground lines and 273 underground stations in use. The London underground is also called the Tube, because of the circular shape of its deep tunnels. 
 Questions:
1. What is the fastest way of traveling? 
2. How many airports are there in London? 
3. What kind of service helps to cross the Channel? 
4. What are some "rules" of driving in Britain? 
5. What does typical bus in London look like? 
6. Where was the first underground opened? 
7. Why is London underground called the Tube?
Vocabulary:
to reach — достигать underground — метро charter flight — чартерный рейс steamer — пароход ferry-boat — паром to overtake — обгонять shilling — шиллинг shape — форма
Put these phrases in the right order:
There is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.
The first London bus started running between Paddington and the City in 1829.
The world's first underground line was opened between Baker St. and the City in 1863.
When you are in London you can choose from four different means of transport: bus, train, underground or taxi.
Now there are ten underground lines and 273 underground stations in use.
People in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right.
If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel.
The London underground is also called the Tube, because of the circular shape of its deep tunnels. 
It carried 40 passengers and cost a shilling for six kms.
There is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.
Chapter 10
Education in Britain
In England and Wales compulsory school begins at the age of five, but before that age children can go to a nursery school, also called play school. School is compulsory till the children are 16 years old.
In Primary School and First School children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary School (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School.
When students are 16 years old they may take an exam in various subjects in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can be either G.C.S.E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or "O level" (Ordinary level). After that students can either leave school and start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they continue, when they are 18, they have to take further examinations which are necessary for getting into university or college.
Some parents choose private schools for their children. They are very expensive but considered to provide a better education and good job opportunities.
In England there are 47 universities, including the Open University which teaches via TV and radio, about 400 colleges and institutes of higher education. The oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. Generally, universities award two kinds of degrees: the Bachelor's degree and the Master's degree. 
Questions:
1. When does compulsory school begin? 
2. How long does a child stay in compulsory school? 
3. What subjects do children learn in Primary School? 
4. What kind of exam do students have to take when they are 16? 
5. Do students have to leave school at the age of 16 or to continue their studies? 
6. How do private schools differ from the regular ones? 
7. How many universities are there in England? 
Vocabulary:
compulsory — обязательная nursery school — детский сад exam — экзамен subject — предмет university — университет private — частный opportunity — возможность to award — давать, присваивать bachelor — бакалавр master — магистр
Translate into English:
Обучение в школе обязательно до достижения детьми возраста 16 лет.
После этого дети переходят в среднюю школу.
После этого учащиеся могут покинуть школу и устроиться на работу.
Некоторые родители выбирают для своих детей частные школы.
В Англии 47 университетов, включая Открытый университет, обучение в котором производится по телевидению и радио.
Главным образом, в университетах присваиваются два типа степеней: степени бакалавра и магистра.
Список использованных источников и литературы:
Алексеева, А. А. Знаете ли вы Великобританию? Тесты по страноведению на английском языке/ Алексеева А.А., Сирота О.С.– Москва, 2008 – 64 с
Голицынский Ю.Б. Великобритания – Спб.: КАРО, 2006.-480 с.
Сатинова, В.Ф Британия и британцы / Сатинова В.Ф. – Мн, 2004 – 334 с.
Образовательные ресурсы интернета. Английский язык. AB Alleng.ru [электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.alleng.ru/engl-top/098.htm